MÉXICO
COMISION FEDERAL DE ELECTRICIDAD
“A Vertical Integrated Company”
EUGENIO LARIS February 1 2006
• National Electric System
• Future capacity requirements - POISE
• Energy Sources for Power Generation.
• Conclusions
National Electric System
CFE Overlook
Constitution: Article 27
….Generation, transmission, transformation,
distribution and supply
of electric energy, as
a public service, is reserved to the State. In this
matter no concessions will be granted to the
1992 Reform of the Electric Energy Public Service
Law
Private sector can participate in those
activities which do not involve public
service defined as:
• Independent Power production • Cogeneration
• Generation for self-supply • Import and Export
Two state Entities
• Comisión Federal de Electricidad
was
created in 1937 by a presidential decree, as a
decentralized agency of the federal
government
• Luz y Fuerza del Centro (LFC) was created in
1994, as a decentralized agency also.
• CFE is responsible for planning, constructing
and operating the national electric system.
LFC is responsible for the distribution in the
central area of México.
CFE, a State Company
CFE is subject to regulation and supervision
on the part of the Mexican Government.
The Secretary of Energy is the President of
the board.
Each year the house of representatives
approves the federal budget, as well as the
financing program and budget for CFE.
Tariffs are established by the “Secretaria de
CFE: Mission
Ensure the supply of electrical power in terms
of quality, quantity and price, with appropriate
diversification of power sources.
Optimize the use of physical, commercial
infrastructures and human resources.
Provide outstanding customers service.
Protect the environment, promote social
development, and respect the values of
populations where electrical power is
provided.
CFE Organization
DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DIRECCIÓN DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DIRECCIÓN DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DIRECCIÓN DE PROYECTOS DE INVERSIÓN FINANCIADA DIRECCIÓN DE PROYECTOS DE INVERSIÓN FINANCIADA DIRECCIÓN DE OPERACIÓN DIRECCIÓN DE OPERACIÓN DIRECCIÓN DE FINANZAS DIRECCIÓN DE FINANZAS DIRECCIÓN DE MODERNIZACIÓN Y CAMBIO ESTRUCTURAL DIRECCIÓN DE MODERNIZACIÓN Y CAMBIO ESTRUCTURAL SUBDIRECCIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN SUBDIRECCIÓN DE TRANSMISIÓN SUBDIRECCIÓN DEL CENACE SUBDIRECCIÓN DEL CENACE SUBDIRECCIÓN DE GENERACIÓN SUBDIRECCIÓN DE GENERACIÓN SUBDIRECCIÓN DE DISTRIBUCIÓN SUBDIRECCIÓN DE DISTRIBUCIÓN SUBDIRECCIÓN TÉCNICA SUBDIRECCIÓN TÉCNICA 3 SUBDIRECCIONES 3 SUBDIRECCIONES 3 SUBDIRECCIONES 3 SUBDIRECCIONES SUBDIRECCIÓN DE PROGRAMACIÓN SUBDIRECCIÓN DE PROGRAMACIÓNCFE in Figures
COMISIÓN FEDERAL DE ELECTRICIDAD 9 Installed Capacity: 46,686 MW (Total National
Capacity: 52,027 MW)
9 218 Power Plants, 637 Units
9 43,950 Km High Tension Transmission Lines 9 632,400 Km Medium Tension
9 171,760 MVA Transformation Capacity
9 13 Distribution areas serving 22.3 million customers 9 78,900 Active Workers
CFE is the second largest Mexican company, with total assets of 57,300 million dollars, a capital of 32,650 million dollars and sales of 11,320 million dollars.
5 Regions of Generation 46,686 MW in 218 Power Plants* NORTHWEST NORTH WEST CENTRAL SOUTHEAST
* It includes hired Independent Power Producers of Energy.
CFE: Regions of Generation
National Electric System
10 530.1 Hydroelectric
218 Power Plants, with 637 Power Units MW Power Plant Type 47 549.6 TOTAL 152.8 Diesel 961.7 Geo & Wind
1 364.9 Nuclear 2 100.0 Dual 2 600.0 Coal 2 818.5 Gas Turbine 4 776.2 Combined Cycle 8 262.9 IPP 13 982.5 Conventional
The national electric system has 47,550 MW installed capacity,
864 MW belong to L&FC and 46,686 MW to CFE including
IPP’s. (Jun 2005) Conventional Steam 29.41% Dual 4.42% Coal 5.47% Combined Cycle 10.04% Hydroelectric 22.15% IPP 17.38% Gas Turbine 5.93% Diesel 0.32%
Geo & Wind 2.02%
Nuclear 2.87%
2005 Sales (GWH) and Users
2005 Sales (GWH) and Users
Industria 58.8% Servicios 3.3% Comercial 6.9% Agrícola 5.5% Residencial 25.5% Total Sales 185 TWH Users 22.3 millions Residencial 87.8% Servicios 0.7% Agrícola 0.5% Industrial 0.6% Comercial 10.4%
Northwest North Northeast Western Oriental Peninsular BC Central Substation Line of 400 KV Line of 230 KV Line of 115 KV Line of 138 KV BCS
Transmission Lines and Substations
9 Transmission areas
43,950 km. high tension 632,400 km. medium tension
CFE: Distribution Divisions
CFE: Distribution Divisions
22.3 Million clients 13 Distribution Divisions Baja California Northwest North North Golf Bajío Central Golf Jalisco Center South Central East East Southeast Center West
Future Capacity Requirements
-
(POISE).-POISE
Based on econometric models, CFE defines the investment program with the lowest cost for the electric sector. The Construction and Investment Program “Programa de Obras e Inversiones del Sector Eléctrico” (POISE) defines all the electric infrastructure needed for the next ten years period. This document is annually updated based on:
» Historic evolution.
» Expected population Growth. » Regional demand growth.
» Economic growth scenarios. » Power Generation Technology
Growth Scenarios
5.2 4.3 2.8 Estimate 2005-2014 High Planned ModerateGNP
(%) Scenario High Planned ModerateElectric Power
Consumption
(%) Scenario 5.9 5.2 4.2 Estimate 2005-201450 100 150 200 250 300 350 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013
Power Consumption
294 in 2014 177 in 2004 57 in 1980 TWh 5.22% 5.2%20 Free
5698 MW Wind & Geothermal
705 MW Gas Turbine 504 MW Coal 648MW Hydroelectric 2244 MW Combined Cycle 11730 MW 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 PO W E R PL A N T T YPE NET CAPACITY º Power Plants: 59 Total Capacity: 21,529 MW 5 in Operation 8 in Construction 3 in Bid process
Capacity Requirements Program (2005-2014)
(125 MW GEO and 580 MW WIND)
This program is the result of the “POISE”
and takes into consideration the available energy sources.
Public Service: 21,529 MW Valladolid III (525 MW) Altamira V (1,121 MW) Tuxpan V (495 MW) La Venta II (85 MW) Conversión El Encino TG/CC (65MW) 2006 5 2,292 Tamazunchale (1,135MW) El Cajón U1 y U2 (750 MW) Baja California Sur II (43 MW)
2007 3 1,928 Baja California
(252 MW)
San Lorenzo Conversión TG/CC (130 MW )
2008 3 481 La Venta III (99 MW) Central (V. de México) (373 MW) Agua Prieta II (635 MW) 2009 7 1,850 Tuxpan Conversión TG/CC (89 MW ) Norte (392 MW) Guerrero Negro III (10 MW)
La Venta IV (99 MW) Baja California II SLRC-(252 MW) La Venta V (99 MW) Pte. Juárez Conv.
TG/CC (82 MW)
Manzanillo I Rep U1 (445MW) Baja California III
(246 MW)
2010 8 2,293 Norte II
(647 MW)
Carboeléctrica del Pacífico (648 MW) Cerro Prieto V (100 MW) Humeros (25 MW) La Venta VI (99 MW) Santa Rosalía (14 MW) Manzanillo I Rep U2 (445MW) 2011 6 1,630
Baja California Sur III (36 MW)
Tamazunchale II (663 MW) V. de México (373 MW) La Parota (897 MW) Manzanillo II Rep U1 (445 MW) Noroeste (638 MW) Baja California IV (252 MW)
Baja California Sur IV (36 MW)
2012 9 4,037 Guaymas (575 MW) Tamazunchale III (663 MW) Guadalajara I (434 MW) La Venta VII (99 MW) Manzanillo II U2 (445 MW) Norte III (647 MW) 2013 6 3,059 Central III (535 MW) Baja California V (243 MW) Guadalajara II (434 MW) Dos Bocas (755 MW) Mérida IV (671MW) Baja California Sur V (36 MW)
2014 7 2,890 Infiernillo (199 MW) Villita Ampliación (398 MW) Baja California VI (243 MW) Dos Bocas II (755 MW) Norte IV (588 MW) Río Bravo IV (500 MW) La Laguna II (498 MW) Presa Reguladora Amata
(0 MW)
Hermosillo Conversión TG/CC (88 MW)
2005 5 1,127
Baja California Sur I (41 MW)
Ciclo combinado Hidroeléctrica
Combustión Interna Tipo Diesel Turbogas
Libre Eolica Carboeléctrica
Geotermoeléctrica
Present and Future Power Generation Capacity of the Electric Sector
Planning
Scenario.-1. Self supply and cogeneration not included
2. This portion will be defined later within the 10 year period, some options are: combined cycle, coal fired, nuclear and renewable energies.
3. Includes distributed generation by LyF. December 2014: 64,210 MW3 December 2004: 47,550 MW1 Un committed, 9.60% Internal Combustion, 0.40% Gas Turbine, 5.10% Hydroelectric, 19.90% Geothermal and Wind, 2.60% Nuclear, 2.10% Conventional Steam, 12.20%
Coal & F.O., 3.30% Coal Fired, 5.10% Combined Cycle, 39.70% 2 , Internal Combustion, 0.32% Gas Turbine, 5.93% Hydroelectric, 22.15% Geothermal and Wind, 2.02% Nuclear, 2.87% Conventional Steam, 29.41%
Coal & F.O., 4.42%
Coal Fired, 5.47%
Combined Cycle, 27.42%
Energy sources for Power
Generation.-Available Energy Sources
a)
Non renewable sources, Fossil: Fuel oil,
diesel, natural gas and coal.
b)
Non renewable, non fossil: Nuclear
c)
Renewable Energies: Hydroelectric,
a) Fossil Fuel - Sources
Salina Cruz PLD PGU, PGD TPO GAO MZD MAM, MND PEO Import PUP PJZ Import Minatitlán MDA VAD LRA, NCM TUV Madero ALT PRI Tula TUL VAE VDR RIB LED Salamanca SLM Cáctus DBO MTY, JER HUI GPL SymbolsConvetional Steam Plant CC Plant GT Fuel Oil RE FVL SYC Cadereyta
Potencial Sources of Gas
SAMALAYUCA EL ENCINO TORREON DURANGO ROSARITO EHRENBERG LNG TOPOLOBAMPO LNG ROSARITO LNG LIBERTAD DAGGET ROCKIES CHEYENE SAN JUAN PERMIAN KEYSTONE PERMIAN WAHA WILCOX HUECO HOUSTON BOB WEST SOUTH TEXAS REYNOSA LNG ALTAMIRA PALMILLAS CHINAMECA SOUTH TEXAS GAS LANKAHUASA WILCOX LNG MANZANILLO SALAMANCA LNG LAZARO CÁRDENAS LOS RAMONES BURGOS SONDA DE CAMPECHE (CANTAREL) GOLFO CENTROa) Fossil Fuel – Fuel Oil and Coal
1.
Fuel Oil and Diesel
All the national production of fuel oil is used for the
production of energy, it is the most expensive and
has ecological problems. Therefore, the POISE
does not include new conventional power plants
using fuel oil. Diesel is included only in small
quantities.
2.
Coal
CFE uses the totality of the Mexican production of
coal. New coal fired power plants will have to use
imported coal, which is a competitive fuel that
entails minor ecological problems and is a viable
solution for large generating capacities. The
Program includes coal fired plants
a) Fossil Fuel - Gas
3. Gas
There are additional sources of natural gas
in Mexico not yet exploited. Moreover, the
LNG technology is available and gas
deposits can be contracted abroad at
competitive prices. Gas generation is less
pollutant and can be developed in great
quantities at low prices. Large scale gas
power generating projects are feasible and
are widely used in the POISE.
b) Non Renewable, non Fossil Nuclear Energy in the World.
Nuclear energy generation has regained the attention of the developed countries as a real option to contribute to reduce CO2 emissions.
The International Atomic energy Organization (IAEO) predicts the construction of eight 1000 MW units, in the next 15 years.
China has 6.4 GW installed. In the year 2020 its installed capacity will be between 32 and 40 GW. Other countries like Russia, India and some European Union countries will include the return of Nuclear energy in their Energy polices.
The USA has 104 reactors installed, equivalent to 19.9% of their total electric energy generation, and plans to install a new nuclear plant to start commercial operation in the first years of the next decade.
Third generation (ABWR & EPR) reactors have standardized design which reduces the investment costs to approximately one thousand dollars per kW and overall project time is 7-9 years.
In Mexico, CFE’s Laguna Verde Power Plant will be upgraded to add 20% of its present capacity (units 1 & 2).
A new nuclear station is under study by CFE, it may be in commercial operation after 2015, considering the time it takes for the social acceptance, design, bid process and construction. For this technology we depend on imported enriched uranium.
In a mid to long term future this technology can produce large amounts of energy.
b) Non Renewable, non Fossil Nuclear Energy in Mexico
c) Renewable Energies
The renewable sources available to CFE for
power generation are:
• Hydroelectricity
• Wind
• Geothermal
National electric System (SEN) 2 0 0 4
Number of Power Plants 79
Number of Units 223
Capacity 10,530 MW
Percentage of the total capacity 22.15 %
Energy Generated 25,075 GWh
Percentage of Generation 15.56 %
Only 20% of the Hydroelectric Potential is used
Hydroelectric Power
Future Projects (OPF)
Hydroelectric – Future Projects
Year C.O.D.
El Cajón 750 MW 2007
La Yesca 746 MW 2011
La Parota 900 MW 2012
La Villita (New units) 400 MW 2014
Infiernillo (Up grade) 200 MW 2014
Cancún Cozumel Istmo de Tehuantepec Veracruz Mazatlán Hidalgo Zacatecas Guerrero Negro López Mateos San Quintín La Rumorosa La Venta La Venta II Potential Sites Installed Projects (2.12 MW)
Wind projects under construction (83.3 MW)
Wind Potential in Mexico
(1500-2500) MW * (1000-2000) MW (800-1500) MW (1000-1500) MW (1000-1500) MW (2000-3000) MW * Estimated Potential: > 7000 MW
0.85-2.5 0.85-2.5 0.85-2.5 0.85-2.5 0.85-2.5 0.85 Capacity range per unit
(MW) 578.3 TOTAL 2012 99 IPP LA VENTA VII 2011 99 IPP LA VENTA VI 2010 99 IPP LA VENTA V 2009 99 IPP LA VENTA IV 2008 99 IPP LA VENTA III 2006 83.3 OPF LA VENTA II Year Total Capacity (MW) Contract Type Project
Period 2005 – 2014
Wind Energy - Future Projects
This program in subject to increase in the future, however it will not make a large contribution to the national demand.
Geothermal Energy
Mexico has more than 1400 thermal potential sites distributed in 27 states of the country specially in the neovolcanic axis which possesses a geothermal potential estimated in 1000 MW. Mexico has the third largest geothermal installed capacity in the world.
Presently, the effective installed capacity is:
Mexicali, Baja California 720 MW
Los Azufres CD. Hidalgo, Mich. 195 MW
Humeros, Puebla 35 MW
Tres Vírgenes, Mulegé, Baja California Sur 10 MW
The geothermal projects scheduled to commence commercial operation in year 2010 are:
Cerro Prieto V in Mexicali, Baja California: 100 MW.
Solar Energy
This technology is in development stage having very limited potential to satisfy the national demand.
There are several small
photovoltaic installations throughout the country.
CFE is planning the installation of an integrated solar-combined cycle system (ISCCS); the project will be tendered in 2006 under the Financed Public Works Scheme (OPF) it will consist of a 560 MW combined–cycle plant, integrated with a 25 – 30 MW parabolic solar field. The site will be located in the northwestern part of the country, near the border with the USA.
Biomass
Is a new technology in its early development stage,
there are a few installations at the experimental
level, there are also some small capacity power
generating stations using the gases generated by
garbage confinements. It is a very limited technology
to satisfy the Mexican energy demand.
Conclusions.-Conclusions
1. To fulfill the demand in the next ten years, it is necessary to install 21,529 MW of new capacity.
2. The planning model is based on the availability of fuels, costs and time of constructions, and results in a growth based mainly in Natural Gas.
3. The POISE seeks an energy diversity. The 2006-2015 POISE, will try to restrict the use of natural gas to no more than 50% of the generation capacity, giving a major boost to energetic diversity.
4. The Capacity requirements program hasn’t
committed 5,700 MW to any particular technology. Based on future trends and developments, and fuel prices, it is expected that many of these, will be based on natural gas, although some of this capacity could be coal, nuclear, hydroelectric and wind.
Conclusions
5. The Ministry of Energy is encouraging the use of renewable energies to a great scale through a program called “PERGE” (Programa de Energía Renovable a Gran Escala) designed by SENER and The World Bank.
6. It will be convenient for the Mexican electric system and companies that conform the system, to establish collaboration agreements with other countries with greater advances in renewable energy.