PLC Beginner Guide
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
(9) . +0641&7%6+10 . . 9JCVKUC2TQITCOOCDNG%QPVTQNNGT!. #2.%EQPUKUVUQHC%GPVTCN2TQEGUUKPI7PKV %27 EQPVCKPKPICPCRRNKECVKQPRTQITCOCPF+PRWV CPF1WVRWV+PVGTHCEGOQFWNGUYJKEJKUFKTGEVN[EQPPGEVGFVQVJGHKGNF+1FGXKEGU6JGRTQITCO EQPVTQNU VJG 2.% UQ VJCV YJGP CP KPRWV UKIPCN HTQO CP KPRWV FGXKEG VWTPU 10 VJG CRRTQRTKCVG TGURQPUG KU OCFG 6JG TGURQPUG PQTOCNN[ KPXQNXGU VWTPKPI 10 CP QWVRWV UKIPCN VQ UQOG UQTV QH QWVRWVFGXKEGU 2QYGT5WRRN[ . . . 5KIPCNU 5KIPCNU %GPVTCN HTQO VQ +PRWV 1WVRWV 2TQEGUUKPI 5YKVEJGU 5QNGPQKFU 7PKV %27 +PVGTHCEG +PVGTHCEG 5GPUQT /QVQTU GVE GVE /GOQT[ (KI $NQEM&KCITCOQH2.% %GPVTCN2TQEGUUKPI7PKV 6JG%GPVTCN2TQEGUUKPI7PKV %27 KUCOKETQRTQEGUUQTVJCVEQQTFKPCVGUVJGCEVKXKVKGUQHVJG2.% U[UVGO+VGZGEWVGUVJGRTQITCORTQEGUUGU+1UKIPCNUEQOOWPKECVGUYKVJGZVGTPCNFGXKEGU /GOQT[ 6JGTG CTG XCTKQWU V[RGU QH OGOQT[ WPKV +V KU VJG CTGC VJCV JQNF VJG QRGTCVKPI U[UVGO CPF WUGT OGOQT[ 6JG QRGTCVKPI U[UVGO KU CEVWCNN[ C U[UVGO UQHVYCTG VJCV EQQTFKPCVGU VJG2.%.CFFGT RTQITCO6KOGTCPF%QWPVGT8CNWGUCTGUVQTGFKPVJGWUGTOGOQT[&GRGPFKPIQPWUGT1UPGGF XCTKQWUV[RGUQHOGOQT[CTGCXCKNCDNGHQTEJQKEG . C 4GCFF1PN[/GOQT[ 41/ 41/KUCPQPXQNCVKNGOGOQT[VJCVECPDGRTQITCOOGFQPN[QPEG+VKUVJGTGHQTGWPUWKVCDNG+VKU NGCUVRQRWNCTCUEQORCTGFYKVJQVJGTUOGOQT[V[RG. D 4CPFQO#EEGUU/GOQT[ 4#/ 4#/ KU EQOOQPN[ WUGF OGOQT[ V[RG HQT UVQTKPI VJG WUGT RTQITCO CPF FCVC 6JG FCVC KP VJG XQNCVKNG4#/YQWNFPQTOCNN[DGNQUVKHVJGRQYGTUQWTEGKUTGOQXGF*QYGXGTVJKURTQDNGOKU UQNXGFD[DCEMKPIWRVJG4#/YKVJCDCVVGT[ . . .
(10) . +0641&7%6+10 . E 'TCUCDNG2TQITCOOCDNG4GCF1PN[/GOQT[ '241/ '241/JQNFUFCVCRGTOCPGPVN[LWUVNKMG41/+VFQUGPQVTGSWKTGDCVVGT[DCEMWR*QYGXGTKVU EQPVGPVECPDGGTCUGFD[GZRQUKPIKVVQWNVTCXKQNGVNKIJV#RTQOYTKVGTKUTGSWKTGFVQTGRTQITCO VJGOGOQT[ . F 'NGEVTKECNN['TCUCDNG2TQITCOOCDNG4GCF1PN[/GOQT[ ''241/ ''241/ EQODKPGU VJG CEEGUU HNGZKDKNKV[ QH 4#/ CPF VJG PQPXQNCVKNKV[ QH '241/ KP QPG+VU EQPVGPVUECPDGGTCUGFCPFTGRTQITCOOGFGNGEVTKECNN[JQYGXGTVQCNKOKVPWODGTQHVKOGU . . . .
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• • • • • •. . . +PVJKURCPGNYGECPQDUGTXGVJGHQNNQYKPIRQKPVU 6JGTGCTGVQQOCP[YKTKPIYQTMKPVJGRCPGN /QFKHKECVKQPECPDGSWKVGFKHHKEWNV 6TQWDNGUJQQVKPIECPDGSWKVGVTQWDNGUQOGCU[QWOC[TGSWKTGCUMKNNHWNRGTUQP 2QYGTEQPUWORVKQPECPDGSWKVGJKIJCUVJGEQKNEQPUWOGURQYGT /CEJKPGFQYPVKOGKUWUWCNN[NQPIYJGPRTQDNGOUQEEWTCUKVVCMGUCNQPIGTVKOGVQVTQWDNGUJQQV VJGEQPVTQNRCPGN &TCYKPIUCTGPQVWRFCVGFQXGTVJG[GCTUFWGVQEJCPIGU+VECWUGUNQPIGTFQYPVKOGKP OCKPVGPCPEGCPFOQFKHKECVKQP . . . .
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
(24) +0641&7%6+10 . . . . . 0GVYQTMF4GNGCUGRCTV . . . #TOVKENMYKUG .5 0GVYQTMF4GNGCUG%;%.' . . . .5 0GVYQTMF5VQREQPFKVKQP . . . . . 5VQR . 0GVYQTMF4GUGVEQPFKVKQP 4GUGVCHVGTUVQR . 4GUGV 0GVYQTMF'PF 'PF . . .
(25) +0641&7%6+10 . •. . •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
(26) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 . . %27%QORQPGPVU. . %2/#%&4 . . %2/#%&4 . . %2/#%&4 . 'ZRCPUKQP+1WPKV %QPPGEVQT. . %2/#%&4 . 'ZRCPUKQP+1WPKV %QPPGEVQT. . . . .
(27) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •. . 2.%5VCVWU+PFKECVQTU +PFKECVQT 294 ITGGP 470 ITGGP . 5VCVWU 10 1(( 10 1((. '44#./ TGF 10 (NCUJKPI 1(( %1// QTCPIG 10 1((. •. •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
(28) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 . . . . %2/#%27%QORQPGPVU %2/#%&=?=? %2/#%&=?=? %2/#%&=?=? . 'ZRCPUKQP+1 7PKV%QPPGEVQT. 'ZRCPUKQP+1 7PKV%QPPGEVQT. . .
(29) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 • . 2.%5VCVWU+PFKECVQTU +PFKECVQT 294 ITGGP 470 ITGGP . 5VCVWU 10 1(( 10 1((. '44#./ TGF . 10 (NCUJKPI. %1// QTCPIG 10 . •. +PRWV+PFKECVQTU. •. 1WVRWV+PFKECVQTU. . . #PCNQI%QPVTQN. •. 2GTKRJGTCN2QTV. . 6JGUGKPFKECVQTUCTGNKVYJGPVJGEQTTGURQPFKPIKPRWVVGTOKPCNKU10 9JGPCHCVCNGTTQTQEEWTUVJGKPRWVKPFKECVQTUEJCPIGCUHQNNQYU %27GTTQTQT+1DWUGTTQT 6JGKPRWVKPFKECVQTUVWTP1(( /GOQT[GTTQTQTU[UVGOGTTQT 6JG KPRWV KPFKECVQTU YKNN EJCPIG YKVJ VJG UVCVWU QH VJG KPRWV UKIPCNDWVKPRWVUYKNNPQVDGWRFCVGFKPOGOQT[ . 6JGUG KPFKECVQTU CTG NKV YJGP VJG QWVRWV TGNC[U CTG VWTPGF QP 6JG KPFKECVQTU CTG NKV FWTKPI +1 TGHTGUJKPI9JGPRWNUGQWVRWVUCTGDGKPIWUGFVJGKPFKECVQTYKNNTGOCKPNKVEQPVKPWQWUN[YJKNGVJG RWNUGUCTGDGKPIQWVRWV . •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
(30) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 • . •. •. •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
(31) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •. . . 'ZRCPUKQP+17PKV%QORQPGPVU. 6JGGZRCPUKQPWPKVUCTGUJCTGFDGVYGGP%2/#CPF%2/# 'ZRCPUKQP+1YKVJ+16GTOKPCNU • %2/#'&4 • %2/#'&6 • %2/#'&6 'ZRCPUKQP+1YKVJ+PRWV6GTOKPCNU %2/#'& . . . .
(32) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 'ZRCPUKQP+1YKVJ1WVRWV6GTOKPCNU • %2/#'4 • %2/#'6 •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
(33) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 #PCNQI+17PKV%QORQPGPVU %2/#/#& #PCNQI6GTOKPCNU %QPPGEVUVJGWPKVVQCPCNQIKPRWVFGXKEGUCPFCPCNQIQWVRWVFGXKEGU 'ZRCPUKQP+1WPKV%QPPGEVKPI%CDNG %QPPGEVUVJG#PCNQI+1WPKVVQVJG'ZRCPUKQP%QPPGEVQTQPVJG2.%IU%277PKVQTCPQVJGT 'ZRCPUKQP7PKV 'ZRCPUKQP%QPPGEVQT %QPPGEVUVQCPQVJGT'ZRCPUKQP7PKV 'ZRCPUKQP+17PKV#PCNQI7PKVQT%QORQ$WU5+1 .KPM7PKV 7RVQ'ZRCPUKQP7PKVECPDGEQPPGEVGFVQC%27WPKV %QORQ$WU56GTOKPCNU %2/#546 . . . .
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
(38) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 HQTOCVU . . . 45#FCRVGT. 6GTOKPCVKQP4GUKUVCPEG5YKVEJ 5GVVJG.KPM#FCRVGTCPF45#FCRVGTCVGCEJGPFQHVJGOCKPNKPGVQK10LYJGPWUKPI VJGVGTOKPCVKQPTGUKUVCPEGUYKVEJ %QPPGEVQT %QPPGEVUVQVJG%27IU2GTKRJGTCN2QTV 452QTV %QPPGEVUVQVJG*QUV.KPMPGVYQTM . . .
(39) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •. . . VQ2%%QOOWPKECVKQP.KPMU. #FCVCNKPMECPDGETGCVGFYKVJVJG.4FCVCCTGCKPCPQVJGT%2/#%2/%3/54/QT %*5 2% QT %*:*'*) 2% #P 45% #FCRVGT KU WUGF VQ OCMG VJG VQ EQPPGEVKQP. 0COG 7UCIG 45%#FCRVGT %QPXGTVUVQRGTKRJGTCNRQTVHQTOCV. /QFGNPWODGT %2/%+(. . . . . .
(40) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 . •. 06.KPM%QOOWPKECVKQP. 06 .KPM KU C JKIJ URGGF KPVGTHCEG DGVYGGP VJG %2/# CPF C 2TQITCOOCDNG 6GTOKPCN 6JG 45%CFCRVGTPGGFUVQDGWUGFHQTVJKUEQPPGEVKQPYKVJVJGOQFGUYKVEJQPVJGCFCRVGTUGVVQ K06.KPML. . %2/#%27. 1/4102TQITCOOCDNG6GTOKPCN. 45% #FCRVGT. 45%%CDNG. 0COG 7UCIG 45%#FCRVGT %QPXGTVUVQRGTKRJGTCNRQTVHQTOCV. /QFGNPWODGT %2/%+(. . • 2TQITCOOKPI'ZCORNGQH 2.%.KPM$GVYGGP%2/#7PKVU 45%%CDNG 45% #FCRVGT. . . . . . . %2/#%27. 45% #FCRVGT. /#56'4241)4#/. 5.#8'241)4#/. . . . #NYC[U 10. %2/# %27. /18 . 5GPFFCVCQH /CUVGT VQ 5NCXG. /18 .4. 4GEGKXG5NCXG FCVC. '0& 0QVG 5GV&/ CPF OWUVUGVKPVGTHCEGVQ06. #NYC[U 10. /18 . 5GPFFCVCQH 5NCXGVQ /CUVGT. /18 .4. 4GEGKXGFCVC HTQO /CUVGT. '0& 0QVG 5GV&/ CPF OWUVUGVKPVGTHCEGVQ06. . .
(41) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 . . . •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
(43) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •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
(44) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •. •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
(45) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •. . . %QORQ$WU5+1.KPM%QPPGEVKQPU. #%QORQ$WU5+1.KPMECPDGWUGFVQETGCVGCP+1NKPM TGOQVG+1 QHKPRWVRQKPVUCPF QWVRWVRQKPVUYKVJC%QORQ$WU5/CUVGTQT7PKV54/2.%6JGEQPPGEVKQPKUOCFGVJTQWIJC %QORQ$WU5+1.KPM7PKV (TQO VJG UVCPFRQKPV QH VJG %2/# %27 WPKV VJG CTGC CNNQECVGF VQ VJG %QORQ$WU5 +1 .KPM 7PKVECPDGVTGCVGFLWUVNKMGVJGCTGCCNNQECVGFVQCP'ZRCPUKQP+17PKV6JGFKHHGTGPEGKUVJCVVJG DKVUCTGPQVCEVWCN+1RQKPVUDWV+1DKVUKPVJG/CUVGT7PKV . %CDNGU 7UGURGEKCNHNCVECDNGQT8%6(ECDNGVQEQPPGEVVJGPQFGUKPVJG%QORQ$WU5+1NKPM 5RGEKCN HNCVECDNGUCPF8%6(ECDNGUECPPQVDGEQODKPGFKPVJGUCOGU[UVGO 0COG /QFGN0WODGT 5RGEKHKECVKQPU (NCV%CDNG :$69 EQPFWEVQTHNCVECDNGOO 8%6(%CDNG EQPFWEVQT8%6(Z . . .
(46) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •. 2GTKRJGTCN&GXKEG%QPPGEVKQPU. •. 2TQITCOOKPI%QPUQNG. %2/# CPF %2/# RTQITCOOKPI ECP DG ETGCVGF QT GFKVGF YKVJ C 2TQITCOOKPI %QPUQNG QT C RGTUQPCNEQORWVGTTWPPKPI5;59+0 # %3/24' QT %*241' 2TQITCOOKPI %QPUQNG ECP DG EQPPGEVGF VQ VJG %2/ CPF%2/#CUUJQYPKPVJGHQNNQYKPIFKCITCO . %3/241' . %2/#%27. %*%0 O %*%0 O . %*241'. %2/#%27. . 0COG %3/UGTKGU2TQITCOOKPI%QPUQNG. 6JG%QPPGEVKPI%CDNGKUCVVCEJGF %*UGTKGU2TQITCOOKPI%QPUQNG. %CDNG%*%0PGGFGFHQTEQPPGEVKQP . /QFGNPWODGT %3/241' %*241'. . . . .
(47) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •. . 5;5/#%9KPFQYDCUGF5WRRQTV5QHVYCTG. #P+$/2%#6EQORCVKDNGRGTUQPCNEQORWVGTTWPPKPI5;59+0ECPDGEQPPGEVGFVQVJG%2/# CUUJQYPKPJGHQNNQYKPIFKCITCO %2/# %2/#%+( 45%%CDNG +$/2%#6QT EQORCVKDNGEQORWVGT %2/# %3/%+( 5;59+0 $[45%2QTV %QPPGEV VQ VJG %27 7PKVU 45% RQTV YKVJ CP :9<=?5 QT :9<=?58 %QPPGEVKPI %CDNGQT*QUVNKPM%CDNG5GNHOCFG. +$/2%#6QT EQORCVKDNGEQORWVGT. 45%%CDNG. 5;59+0 0QVG . . 6JG:9< 5ECDNGUJCXGC&5WDRKPEQPPGEVQTCPFVJG:9< 58ECDNGUJCXGC& 5WDRKPEQPPGEVQT. . .
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
(49) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 . •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
(50) 5;56'/%10(+)74#6+10 •. . 2.%'NGEVTKECN9KTKPI'ZCORNG +02769+4+0) &%8 %* %1/ %2/ . 8&. . 2WUJ $WVVQP. . .KOKV 5YKVEJ. . 020 2TQZKOKV[ 5GPUQT. . . . . . .KIJV 5QWTEG. 4GEGKXGT. . 5GSWGPEG6[RG2JQVQ 5GPUQT 020. . . 1762769+4+0) %QPVCEV %* %1/ %1/ . . . +PVGTNQEM%QPVCEV. 8. (WUG +PFKECVQT ). . 0. 5QNGPPQKF 8CNXG. . %1/. 8. . . $<. . %2/. %1/ . . 8. # /QVQT. . %1/ . . %QPVCEVQT %. . . . . .
(51) ('#674'5(70%6+105 . . . . . . %2/#)GPGTCN • 6JG%2/#KUCEQORCEV2.%YKVJQT+1VGTOKPCNUDWKNVKPVQVJG%27 • #P'ZRCPUKQP+17PKVECPDGEQPPGEVGFVQVJGCPF+1−RQKPV%27VQCFFCPGZVTC+1 RQKPV • (NCUJOGOQT[RTQXKFGUOGOQT[DCEMWRYKVJQWVCDCVVGT[ • 6JG %2/#−%&4− 2%U ECP JCPFNG KPVGTTWRV KPRWVU VJG %2/#−%&4− %2/#−%&4− CPF%2/#−%&4− 2%UECPJCPFNGKPVGTTWRVKPRWVU+PCFFKVKQPVQ PQTOCNKPRWVKPVGTTWRVUVJG%2/#JCUCEQWPVGTOQFGVJCVEQWPVUJKIJURGGFKPRWVUKIPCNU CPFVTKIIGTUKPVGTTWRVUCVHKZGFEQWPVOWNVKRNGU • 3WKEMTGURQPUGKPRWVUECPFGVGEVKPRWVUKIPCNUYKVJCRWNUGYKFVJCUUJQTVCUOUTGICTFNGUU QHVJGKTVKOKPIFWTKPIVJG2.%E[ENG3WKEMTGURQPUGKPRWVUCPFKPVGTTWRVKPRWVUWUGVJGUCOG KPRWVVGTOKPCNU • %2/#2.%UJCXGCJKIJURGGFKPVGTXCNVKOGTYJKEJECPDGUGVHTQOOUVQOU 6JGVKOGTECPDGUGVVQVTKIIGTCUKPINGKPVGTTWRV QPGUJQVOQFG QTTGRGCVUEJGFWNGFKPVGTTWRVU. UEJGFWNGFKPVGTTWRVOQFG • %2/# 2.%U JCXG C JKIJURGGF EQWPVGT VJCV ECP DG WUGF KP KPETGOGPVCN OQFG QT WRFQYP OQFG6JGJKIJURGGFEQWPVGTECPDGEQODKPGFYKVJKPRWVKPVGTTWRVUVQRGTHQTOVCTIGVXCNWG EQPVTQNQT\QPGEQORCTKUQPEQPVTQNVJCVKUP1VCHHGEVGFD[VJG2.%1UE[ENGVKOG • 6JG %2/# 2.%U JCXG CPCNQI XQNWOG EQPVTQNU VJCV ECP DG WUGF VQ OCMG OCPWCN CPCNQI UGVVKPIUOCPWCNN[6JGUGECPDGWUGFVQGZVGTPCNN[UGVVKOKPIQTEQWPVGTXCNWGUGVE • 6JG %2/# 2.%U CTG EQORCVKDNG YKVJ VJG *QUV .KPM YJKEJ CNNQYU EQOOWPKECVKQPU YKVJ RGTUQPCNEQORWVGTUQT2TQITCOOCDNG6GTOKPCNU • #P45−%#FCRVGTKUWUGFHQT−VQ−EQOOWPKECVKQPUCPFCP45−#FCRVGTKUWUGFHQT −VQ−PEQOOWPKECVKQPU • # FCVC NKPM ECP DG ETGCVGF YKVJ VJG .4 FCVC CTGC KP CPQVJGT %2/# %2/ %3/ QT %*52.%#P45−%#FCRVGTKUWUGFVQOCMGVJG−VQ−EQPPGEVKQP • *KIJ−URGGF/CP−/CEJKPG+PVGTHCEGQRGTCVKQPUECPDGCEJKGXGFD[EQPPGEVKPIVJG%2/#VQ VJG2TQITCOOCDNG6GTOKPCNVJTQWIJVJG06.KPM+PVGTHCEG#P45−#FCRVGTKUWUGFHQT VJKUEQPPGEVKQP • 6JG %2/# WUGU VJG UCOG 2TQITCOOKPI %QPUQNGU CPF 5[UYKP 2TQITCOOKPI 5QHVYCTG CU QVJGT1OTQP%5GTKGU2.%U . 3-1.
(52) ('#674'5(70%6+105 •. #PCNQI5GVVKPI(WPEVKQP. %2/# 2.%U JCXG CPCNQI XQNWOG EQPVTQNU VJCV ECP WUGF VQ OCMG CPCNQI VKOGT CPF EQWPVGT UGVVKPIUOCPWCNN[ 9JGPQPGQHVJGXQNWOGEQPVTQNU KUVWTPGFVJGEQPVGPVQHVJGEQTTGURQPFKPI +PVGTPCN4GNC[YQTFKUUGVCWVQOCVKECNN[DGVYGGPCPF $%& Analog setting 0 Analog setting 1. * Philip screwdriver is required.. . . 6JGHQNNQYKPIVCDNGUJQYUYJKEJ54DKVUCTGCNNQECVGFVQVJG+1VGTOKPCNUQPVJG%2/#1U%27 CPF'ZRCPUKQP+17PKV %QPVTQN %QTTGURQPFKPI+4YQTF 5GVVKPITCPIG $%& VQ #PCNQIXQNWOGEQPVTQN 54 #PCNQIXQNWOGEQPVTQN 54 . 3-2.
(53) ('#674'5(70%6+105 •. . . +PRWVU+PVGTTWRVU. 6JGTG CTG VYQ KPRWV KPVGTTWRVU KP VJG %2/# −RQKPV +1 %27 CPF HQWT KP VJG − − CPF −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−%&4− . M*\KP%QWPVGT/QFG +4VQ+4 %2/#−%&4− %2/#−%&4− %2/#−%&4− . 3-3.
(54) ('#674'5(70%6+105 • . • . 3WKEMTGURQPUG+PRWVU(WPEVKQPU 6JG %2/#−%&4−=? 2.%U JCXG SWKEMTGURQPUG KPRWV VGTOKPCNU CPF VJG %2/#−%&4−=?%&4−=?%&4−=?2.%UJCXGSWKEMTGURQPUGKPRWVVGTOKPCNU. 6JGUCOGVGTOKPCNUCTGWUGFHQTSWKEMTGURQPUGKPRWVUCPFKPVGTTWRVKPRWVU 3WKEMTGURQPUG KPRWVU JCXG CP KPVGTPCN DWHHGT UQ KPRWV UKIPCNU UJQTVGT VJCP QPG E[ENG ECP DG FGVGEVGF Overseeing Program I/O Overseeing Program I/O process refreshing process execution execution refreshing OU OKP Input signal (00003) IR 00003 1PGE[ENG 6JGHQNNQYKPIVCDNGUJQYUVJGKPRWVDKVUWUGHQT3WKEMTGURQPUGKPRWVHWPEVKQP 2%OQFGN +PRWVDKVU /KPKOWOKPRWVRWNUGYKFVJ +4VQ+4 OU %2/#−%&4−=? +4VQ+4 %2/#−%&4−=? %2/#−%&4−=? %2/#−%&4−=? . +PVGTXCN6KOGT(WPEVKQP. %2/#CTGGSWKRRGFYKVJCPKPVGTXCNVKOGTYJKEJECPDGUGVHTQOOUVQOUKPWPKVU QHOU6JGVKOGTECPDGUGVVQVTKIIGTCUKPINGKPVGTTWRV QPG−UJQVOQFG QTTGRGCVUEJGFWNGF KPVGTTWRVU UEJGFWNGFKPVGTTWRVOQFG /QFG (WPEVKQP )GPGTCVGUCUKPINGKPVGTTWRVVJGHKTUVVKOGVJCVVJGVKOGTVKOGUQWV 1PG−UJQV 5EJGFWNGFKPVGTTWRV )GPGTCVGUCPKPVGTTWRVGCEJVKOGVJCVVJGVKOGTVKOGUQWV. . 3-4.
(55) ('#674'5(70%6+105 *KIJURGGF%QWPVGT. %2/# JCXG C JKIJ−URGGF EQWPVGT HWPEVKQP VJCV ECP DG WUGF KP KPETGOGPV OQFG QT WRFQYP OQFG7UKPIVJKUHWPEVKQPVQIGVJGTYKVJVJGKPRWVKPVGTTWRVUGPCDNGUVCTIGVXCNWGEQPVTQNQT\QPG EQORCTKUQPEQPVTQNKTTGNGXCPVQHVJG2.%1UE[ENGVKOG %QWPVKPRWV 4GUGVKPRWV 5QNGPQKF 4QVCT[ 5GPUQT 'PEQFGT +PXGTVGT etc. +PETGOGPVCN 7R&QYP /QFG %QWPVKPRWV +PRWVPQ #−RJCUGKPRWV $−RJCUGKPRWV 4GUGVKPRWV <−RJCUGKPRWV +PRWVOGVJQF UKPING−RJCUGKPRWV 2JCUG−FKHHGTGPEGZKPRWVU M*\ M*\ %QWPVHTGSWGPE[ VQ %QWPVTCPIG −VQ 6CTIGVXCNWG 7RVQVCTIGVXCNWGUCPFKPVGTTWRVUWDTQWVKPGPWODGTUECP %QPVTQN EQPVTQN DGTGIKUVGTGF OGVJQF <QPGEQORCTKUQP 7RVQUGVUQHWRRGTCPFNQYGTNKOKVXCNWGUCPFKPVGTTWRV EQPVTQN UWDTQWVKPGPWODGTUECPDGTGIKUVGTGF 0QVG+PKPETGOGPVOQFGVJKUKPRWV ECPDGWUGFCUCPTGIWNCTKPRWV 00000 00001 00002. •. 3-5.
(56) ('#674'5(70%6+105 . . . %2/#)GPGTCN • 6JG%/2#KUCEQORCEV2.%YKVJQT+1VGTOKPCNUDWKNVKP • 'ZRCPUKQP7PKVECPDGEQPPGEVGFVQVJGQT+1RQKPV%27VQCFFGZVTC+1RQKPVU /CZKOWO QH GZRCPUKQP WPKV ECP DG EQPPGEVGF HQT C OCZKOWO +1 EQPHKIWTCVKQP QH RQKPVU • %2/#2.%UJCXGDWKNVKP45%RQTVCPF2GTKRJGTCN2QTV • %2/# 2.%U JCXG C JKIJ URGGF EQWPVGT VJCV ECP DG WUGF KP +PETGOGPVCN OQFG 2WNUG &KTGEVKQPKPRWVOQFGCPF7R&QYPRWNUGKPRWVOQFGYJKEJCNNQYUCTGURQPUGHTGSWGPE[QH WRVQM*\6JGJKIJURGGFEQWPVGTECPDGCNUQDGWUGFKP&KHHGTGPVKCNRJCUGKPRWVOQFG YKVJCOCZKOWOTGURQPUGHTGSWGPE[QHM*\ • %/2#2.%UJCXGRQKPVUHQTKPVGTTWRVKPRWVUHWPEVKQP • %/2# 2.%U JCXG CPCNQI XQNWOG EQPVTQNU VJCV ECP DG WUGF VQ OCMG CPCNQI UGVVKPI OCPWCNN[HQTKPUVCPEGGZVGTPCNN[UGVEQPVTQNRGTKQFQTEQWPVGTXCNWGUGVE • %2/#2.%UJCXGRWNUGQWVRWVU • %2/# %&6&CPF%2/# %&6&JCXG5[PEJTQPK\GF2WNUGEQPVTQN. 3-6.
(57) ('#674'5(70%6+105 •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→KPVGTTWRVKPRWV→+PVGTTWRVKPRWV→+PVGTTWRVKPRWV→ KPENWFKPIEQWPV WROQFG +PVGTXCNVKOGTKPVGTTWRV→*KIJURGGFEQWPVGTKPVGTTWRV. . 3-7.
(58) ('#674'5(70%6+105 •. . +PVGTTWRV+PRWVU. $[VWPKPIVJG%2/#%277PKV1UDWKNVKPKPRWVRQKPVUHTQO1((VQ10VJGPQTOCNRTQITCOECP DGUVQRRGFCPFVJGKPVGTTWRVRTQITCOGZGEWVGF6JGKPVGTTWRVKPRWVUCTGCNNQECVGFVQHQWTRQKPVU. VQ . . +PRWV0WODGT +PVGTTWRV 0WODGT . •. 5WDTQWVKPG 0WODGT . /KPKOWOKPRWV +PVGTTWRVTGURQPUG UKIPCNYKFVJ VKOG OU OU HTQOYJGP KPRWVVWTPU10 WPVKNRTQITCO GZGEWVKQP . +PVGTXCN6KOGT+PVGTTWRVU. 6JG%2/#JCUQPGKPVGTXCNVKOGT RTGEKUKQP OU VJCVECPDGUGVHTQOOUVQ OU 6JGTG CTG VYQ KPVGTTWRV OQFGU VJG QPGUJQV OQFG KP YJKEJ C UKPING KPVGTTWRV KU GZGEWVGF YJGPVJGVKOGKUWRCPFVJGUEJGFWNGKPVGTTWRVOQFGKPYJKEJKPVGTTWRVUCTGGZGEWVGFCVTGIWNCT KPVGTXCNU . 3-8.
(59) ('#674'5(70%6+105 1RGTCVKQP. 1PGUJQVOQFG 5EJGFWNG+PVGTTWRVOQFG +PVGTTWRVKUGZGEWVGF +PVGTTWRVKUGZGEWVGFCV QPEGYJGPVKOGJCU TGIWNCTKPVGTXCNU GNCRUGF 5GVVKOG VQOU 7PKV OU +PVGTTWRV OU HTQOYJGPVKOGJCUGNCRUGFWPVKNGZGEWVKQP TGURQPUGVKOG QHKPVGTTWRVRTQITCO . . •. . . *KIJ5RGGF%QWPVGTU. 6JG%2/#%277PKVJCUCVQVCNQHHKXGRQKPVUHQTJKIJURGGFEQWPVGTU QPGRQKPVHQTJKIJURGGF EQWPVGT YKVJ C OCZKOWO TGURQPUG HTGSWGPE[ QH M*\ CPF HQWT RQKPVU HQT KPVGTTWRV KPRWVU. EQWPVGTOQFG . *KIJ5RGGFEQWPVGTU. *KIJ5RGGFEQWPVGTU. RQKPV. +PVGTTWRVKPRWVU. EQWPVGTOQFG . RQKPVU. 0QKPVGTTWRVU %QWPVEJGEM KPVGTTWRVU. 6CTIGVXCNWG EQORCTKUQP+PVGTTWRVU 4CPIGEQORCTKUQP KPVGTTWRVU. 0QKPVGTTWRVU %QWPVEJGEM KPVGTTWRVU. 6JG%2/#RTQXKFGUDQVJCDWKNVKPJKIJURGGFEQWPVGTCPFDWKNVKPKPVGTTWRVKPRWVU. 3-9.
(60) ('#674'5(70%6+105 •. . •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