Special Crime Investigation Reviewer
Special Crime Investigation Reviewer Definition of Terms
Admission - Any statement of fact made by a party which is against his interest or unfavorable to the conclusion for which he contends or inconsistent with the facts alleged by him.
AFIS - Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is a biometric identification (ID) methodology that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data.
Amateur Intermittent Offender - These types of robbers view themselves as lifetime robbers and commits infrequent robbery offenses, often
recklessly.
Armed Robbery - This involves the use of weapons such as firearm, a knife or other dangerous weapons.
Animus Lucrandi - means intent to gain, in Robbery.
Bienes Muebles - in Robbery, means personal property belonging to another.
Arrest - The legal taking of a person into a custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense.
Arrest Warrant - An order in writing issued in the name of the Philippines commanding or directing a peace officer to arrest the person described therein and brings it before the court.
period of 10 days.
The warrant of arrest validity continues unless: 1. Recalled by the issuing court
2. The respondent has been arrested 3. Respondent voluntary submitted himself
Arson - An act of willfully and maliciously damaging or destroying a building or other property by fire or explosion.
Autopsy - known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, autopsia cadaverum, or obduction, is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present.
Accused - A person who’s case was forwarded to the office of the prosecutor and filed in court.
Baseline - a method of locating object, particularly useful in in large, irregularly shaped outdoor areas.
Confession - An express acknowledgment by the accused in a criminal prosecution of the truth of his guilt as to the offense charged,
while admission refers to statements of fact not directly constituting an acknowledgment of guilt.
Corpus Delicti - Latin for the “body of the crime”.
Crime - A generic term referring to many types of misconduct forbidden by law.
has been committed.
Criminal - A person who is convicted by final judgment.
Criminalist - The officer responsible for recording a crime scene and recognizing and preserving physical evidence.
Criminal Investigation - The collection of facts in order to accomplish the three-fold aims – to identify the guilty party, to locate the guilty party and to provide evidence of his (suspect) guilt.
Criminal Investigator - A well-trained, disciplined and experienced professional in the field of criminal investigation.
Criminal Law - One that defines crimes treats of their nature and provides for their punishment.
Crime Scene - The geographical area where the crime was committed.
Crime Scene Sketch - A simple diagram that creates a mental pictures of the scene to those who are not present.
Rough Sketch - The first pencil-drawn outline of the scene and the location of objects and evidence within this outline.
DNA Profiling - (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles.
DNA Fingerprinting - is a test to identify and evaluate the genetic information, called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), of a person's cells.
Archimedes (287–212 BC) invented a method for determining the volume of an object with an irregular shape.
Book of Xi Yuan Lu - The first written account of using medicine and entomology to solve criminal cases.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele - he devised in 1773 a method for detecting arsenous oxide, simple arsenic, in corpses.
Henry Goddard - at Scotland Yard pioneered the use of bullet comparison in 1835.
Alphonse Bertillon - was the first to apply the anthropological technique of anthropometry to law enforcement, thereby creating an identification system based on physical measurements.
Sir William Herschel - was one of the first to advocate the use of fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspects.
English Constable - early recorded professional criminal investigator.
Evidence - The means by which facts are proved.
Forcible Rape - Sexual intercourse carried out against a person’s will by the use of physical violence.
Four Basic Techniques That Can Be Used To Measure A Crime Scene 1. Rectangular/Coordinate System
2. Baseline/Station Line 3. Triangulation/Trilateration 4. Azimuth/Polar Coordinates
people; one to hold each end of a tape measure. This type of measuring convention is best suited for large open areas where there might not be any fixed reference points. A known starting point must be established in your scene which might require pounding in a stake. That point is located by using a handheld GPS (global positioning system). A large protractor or some other type of board marked with a circle and degree increments is used. The zero location on the board is oriented toward magnetic north.
Triangulation - is a method that can be used when the scene is irregularly shaped. Two control points are used for this method.
Highgrading – selling
Information - The general term referring to the knowledge acquired by criminal investigator from various sources. Data gathered by an investigator from other persons including the victim himself and other sources.
Instrumentation - The application of instrument and method of physical science in the detection and investigation of crime.
Interview - The simple friendly questioning of people who have the information officially needed by investigators.
Interrogation - The vigorous or aggressive questioning of person suspected of having committed an offense or a person who is reluctant or willing to make a full disclosure of information in his possessions, which is pertinent to the investigation of a criminal case.
has been committed and that some other person is responsible thereof.
Kastle–Meyer Test - is a presumptive blood test, first described in 1903, in which the chemical indicator phenolphthalein is used to detect the possible presence of hemoglobin.
Miranda Doctrine - The principle on the rights of a suspect against forced self-incrimination during police interrogation.
Modus Operandi - Methods of Operation, Modes of Operation, Manner of committing the crime.
Murder-Suicide - An act in which an individual kills one or more other persons immediately before or at the same time as him or herself.
Phenomena - A circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually exists or existed.
Photography - The most reliable means of preserving the crime scene or evidence.
Political terrorists - The use of force or the fear of force to achieve a political end.
Power-Reassurance Rapist - The rapist who psychologically doubt his masculinity and seeks to dispel this doubt by exercising power and control over women.
Professional Robber - This characterized as having a long-term commitment to crime as a source of livelihood, planning and organizing crimes before committing them and pursuing money to support a particular lifestyle.
RA 7438 - An act defining certain rights of person under custodial investigation.
RA 8353 - The Anti-Rape Law of 1997.
RA 9514 - The Fire Code of the Philippines.
Rectangular - a method of obtaining measurement to locate an object by making a measurement at right angles from each of two walls. Works well for indoor measurements.
Special Crime Investigation - The investigation of cases that are unique and often require special training to fully understand their broad significance.
Spectrometry - modern detection method of alcohol and drugs.
Suspect - A person arrested for a crime.
Terrorism - The unlawful use of threat of violence against person or property to further political or social objectives.
Three Fold Aim of Criminal Investigation 1. Identify the Perpetrator
2. Locate the Perpetrator 3. Provide Evidence
Triangulation - method of locating object where measurements are taken from two fixed points at the scene to the object you desire to locate.
A. SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES AND ETHICS (40hours)
DATE
SUBJECT
REVIEWER
Introduction to Criminology
Prof. Pacifico
Talplacido
Philippine Criminal Justice
System
Prof. Jeffrey Bajita
Juvenile Delinquency and Crime
Prevention
Prof. Jeffrey Bajita
Human Behavior and Crisis
Management
Prof. Pacifico
Talplacido
Seminar on Contemporary Police
Problems
Prof. Pacifico
Talplacido
B. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (48hours)
DATE
SUBJECT
REVIEWER
Police Organization and
Administration with Police
Planning
Prof. Anthony
Mondejar
Police Personnel and Records
Management
Prof. Anthony
Mondejar
Patrol Operation and Police
Communication System
C/Insp. Felino
Bragado
Industrial Security Management
Prof. Jeffrey Bajita
Police Intelligence
C/Insp. Felino
Bragado
Comparative Police System
Prof. Pacifico
Talplacido
C. CRIMINALISTICS (56 hours)
DATE
SUBJECT
REVIEWER
Personal Identification
(Dactyloscopy)
Dr. Alfredo Kahanding
Forensic Ballistics
Mr. Ronan Masacupan
Forensic Photography
Mr. Nick Guanco
Questioned Document
Prof. Antonio
Magbojos
Polygraphy
P/Supt. Cenon Manalo
Forensic Medicine
Dr. Wilfredo Tierra
Forensic Chemistry and
Toxicology
Prof. Nicanor Cruz
DATE
SUBJECT
REVIEWER
Fundamentals of Crime Investigation
C/Insp. Felino Bragado
Special Crime Investigation and
Investigation of Organized Crime
Prof. Anthony Mondejar
Fire Technology and Arson
Investigation
Engr. Garry Lunas
Traffic Operations and Accident
Investigation
P/Supt. Cenon Manalo
Drug Education and Vice Control
Prof. Jeffrey Baj
ita
E. CORRECTION (16 hours)
DATE
SUBJECT
REVIEWER
Correctional Philosophy and
Practices
Dr. Janet Padua
Probation and Parole
(Non-Institutional Correction)
Dr. Janet Padua
F. CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE (48 hours)
DATE
SUBJECT
REVIEWER
Criminal Law (RPC, Book 1)
Atty. Makamasa Gapit
Criminal Law (RPC, Book 2)
Atty. Makamasa Gapit
Criminal Procedure
Atty. Makamasa Gapit
Criminal Evidence
Atty. Makamasa Gapit
Practice Court and Special Law
Atty. Molina
Case Analysis in Criminal Law
Atty. Molina
G. COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
Criminal Jurisprudence and LEA
Review Staff
Criminalistics and CDI
Review Staff
Criminal Sociology and
Corrections
Review Staff
CRIMINOLOGY BOARD EXAM REVIEWER
Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation
Investigation - an inquiry, judicial or otherwise for the discovery and
collection of facts concerning the matters involved.
- it is the process of inquiring, eliciting, soliciting and getting vital information, facts, circumstances in order to establish the truth.
Criminal Investigator - a public safety officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation of all criminal cases as provided for and embodied under the revised penal code, criminals laws and special laws which are criminal in nature.
- a well trained, disciplined and experienced professional in the field of criminal investigation.
Custodial Investigation - investigation conducted by law enforcement
officers after a person has been arrested or deprived of his freedom of action.
Neighborhood Investigation - one of the most crucial steps in kidnap
for ransom cases which is often overlooked. The objective is to identify and interview in person all individuals in the area where the victim was
kidnapped or last known sighting area during the window of opportunity.(last time seen until the time discovered missing.
Crime scene - a venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event
has been committed.
Corpus delicti - (latin for the body of the crime) - used to describe the
physical or material evidence that a crime has been committed. ex. corpse of a murder victim.
Confession - is an express acknowledgement by the accused in a criminal
prosecution of the truth of his guilt as to the offense charge.
Admission - refers to statement of facts not directly constituting an
acknowledgement of guilt.
Organized criminal group - a structured group of three or more persons
existing
for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crime or offenses.
Organized crime - a combination of two or more persons who are
engaged in a criminal or virtual criminal activity on a continuing basis for the purpose of profit or power using gangland style to attain their purpose.
Physical evidence - evidenced addressed to the senses of the court that
are capable of being exhibited, examined or viewed by the court. This includes but not limited to fingerprints, body fluid, explosives, hazardous chemicals, soil/burned debris, bombs, electronic parts used in the
commission of the crime.
Victimology/victim profiling - a detailed account of the victims lifestyle
and personality, assist in determining the nature of the disappearance, the risk level of the victim and the type of person who could
have committed the crime. Complete information regarding the victims physical description, normal behavior patterns, the family dynamics and known friends and acquintances should be obtained as soon as possible.
kidnapping, after two hour interrogation. Because the interrogators failed to inform Miranda of his right to counsel and remain silent, his conviction was overturned.
Waterboarding - refers to the practice of strapping a suspect to a board
with his or her head lowered, then the face is covered and water is poured over it causing the suspect to gag and experience the sensation of
drowning.
Chinese water torture - interrogation technique, repeatedly dripping
water on the forehead of the suspect. The goal is to drive the suspect to near insanity thereby obtaining a confession.
Serial Killer - is someone who murders 3 or more people with "cooling
off" periods in between.
Police Blotter - is an 18" x 12" logbook with hard bound cover that
contains the daily register of all crime incident reports, official summary of arrests and other significant events reported in a police station. A separate police blotter shall be maintained for offenses requiring confidentiality like violence against women and children and those cases involving a child in conflict with the law to protect their privacy pursuant to RA 9262 (anti violence against women and children act of 2004) and RA 9344 ( juvenile justice and welfare act of 2006).
Actus Reus - proof that a criminal act has occurred.
Sketch - a rough drawing or painting, often made to assist in making a
more finished picture.
Types of Sketches
1. Floor plan (Birds Eye View) 2. Elevation Drawing
3. Exploded View 4. Respective Drawings
Allan Pinkerton - a Scottish american detective who created the
Pinkerton National Detective Agency, the first detective agency in the US.Pinkerton foiled a plot to assassinate President Lincoln.
Rouges Gallery - is a police collection of pictures or photographs of
criminals and suspects kept for identification purposes.A compilation of descriptions, methods of operation having places and names of criminal and their associates.
Mugshot - is a photographic portrait taken after one is arrested.
Criminal investigation - it is the collection of facts in order to accomplish
the three fold aims:
3 Fold Aims Of Criminal Investigation
2. To locate the guilty party 3. To provide evidence of his guilt
6 Cardinal points of investigation
1. What specific offense was committed 2. How the offense was committed 3. Who committed it
4. Where the offense was committed 5. When it was committed
6. Why it was committed
Tools of an investigator in gathering facts
1. Information - data gathered by an investigator and other person including the victim himself and from:
1. public records 2. private records 3. modus operandi file
2. Interview - skillful questioning of witness and suspects.
3. Instrumentation - scientific examination of real evidence, application of instruments and method of physical sciences in detecting crime.
Phases of investigations
1.Phase 1 - identify the suspect through: 1. confession
2. eyewitness testimony 3. circumstantial evidence 4. associate evidence
2. Phase 2 - locate and apprehend suspect. 3. Phase 3 - gather and provide evidence to establish the guilt of the accused.
Composition/Organization of an investigation team:
1. Team leader 2. Investigator/recorder 3. Photographer 4. Evidence Custodian 5. Composite illustrator/Artist Equipment of an Investigator
1. Police line 2. Video camera 3. Voice recorder 4. Camera 5. Measuring device 6. Gloves 7. Flashlight 8. Fingerprint kit 9. Evidence bag 10. Evidence tag 11. Evidence bottles/vials 12. Investigators tickler Investigators Tickler 1. Investigators checklist 2. Anatomical diagram form 3. Evidence Checklist
4. Turn-over receipt
Standard Methods of Recording Investigative Data:
1. Photographs
2. Sketching crime scenes
3. Written notes (what you have seen/observed)
4. Developing and lifting fingerprints found at the crime scene. 5. Gathering physical evidence
6. Plaster cast
7. Tape recording of sounds 8. Video tape recording of objects
9. Written statement of objects and witnesses.
2 Kinds of Information
1. Regular sources - ex. citizen, company records 2. Cultivated sources - ex. paid informant
Interrogation or questioning witness or suspect who is reluctant to divulge or reveal information with the goal of extracting a
confession or obtaining information while an Interview is simple questioning of a person who cooperate with the investigator.
How the Suspect is Identified
1. Confession or Admission - is a declaration of an accused acknowledging his guilt.
3. Circumstantial evidence
How circumstantial Evidence Obtained
1. Motive 2. Opportunity
3. Associative Evidence
Types of Interview
1. Informal (on the scene interview) - conducted by police/investigator at the crime scene to get description of criminal if seen.
2. Formal - interview conducted by the investigator assigned to the case.
Types of Formal Interview
1. Normal - for willing or cooperative witness. 2. Group/Pretext Interview - for hostile witness or witness who refuse to cooperate.
3. Follow Up - additional interview in addition to vital points if necessary. Qualifications of Interviewer 1. Salesman 2. Actor 3. Psychologist Requisites of an Interview 1. Establish rapport 2. Forcefulness of personality 3. Breadth of interest Setting of Interview
1. Background Interview - time and place of
interview are not a consideration except for busy person.
2. Routine Criminal Cases - interview should be carefully planned. Busy person can be interviewed at night, privacy is important.
3. Important Criminal Cases - should be conducted in places other than the subjects home/office to prevent him/her feeling confident. Investigator should get interviewees respect.
4. Appropriate Time - General rule - (ASAP) as soon possible while facts are fresh in the memory of interviewees.
Methods of Crime Scene Search
1. Strip method - the area is blocked out in the form of a rectangle. The searchers (3 person is good) proceed slowly at the same pace along paths parallel to one side of the rectangle.
2. Double Strip Search Method - modification of the strip search method. The rectangle is traversed
first parallel to the base then parallel to a side. 3. Spiral Search Method - The searchers (3 person is good) follow each other along the path of a spiral beginning on the outside and spiraling in towards the center.
4. Zone Search Method - one searcher is assigned to each subdivision of a quadrant and then each quadrant is cut into another set of quadrants. 5. Wheel Search Method - the area is considered to be approximately circular. The searchers gather at the center and proceed outward along radii or spokes. Procedure is repeated several times depending on the size of the circle and the number of searchers.
strip search method
spiral search method
wheel search method
double strip search method
zone search method
Related Readings: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation
1. Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation Reviewer 1 2. Drug Education Definition of Terms
Fundamentals Of Criminal Investigation Reviewer 1
Questions and answer
Reviewer
Crime scene investigation
Jonathan
In the world