INTRODUCTION
CNC turning produces parts by "turning" rod material and feeding a cutting tool into the turning material. In CNC turning the cutter can be fed into the rotating workpiece at a variety of angles and many tool shapes can be used.
CNC turning provides an economical way to make parts that are commonly symmetrical about an axis of revolution (e.g. a chess pawn). Shapes that can be made using CNC turning include a variety of plain, taper, contour, fillet and radius profiles plus threaded surfaces. Although many turned parts use a single axis of revolution, there can be multiple axis to allow more flexibility (e.g. camshafts). CNC turning can be combined with CNC milling and other processes to make more diverse shapes.
CNC turning can shape most rigid materials such as: • Aluminum • Stainless Steel • Copper • Nylon • Steel • Acetal • Polycarbonate • Acrylic • Brass • Teflon • Titanium • ABS • PVC • Sterling Silver • Bronze
Examples of parts made by CNC turning include: • Robot Parts • Shift knobs • Motorcycle Parts • Auto Parts • Toy Parts • Knobs • Pulleys • Shafts • Hubs • Bushings • Flywheels
SPECIFICATION OF CNC TURNING BRIDGEPORT POWERPATH 15 Machine type : horizontal
Number of axes : 2 Cutting diameter : 280mm Cutting length : 540mm Bar/bore : 51mm Tool station : 0 Spindle : 1 Motor power :11 Kw Spindle speed : 5000rpm BRIDGEPORT/ POWERPATH 15
FANUC CONTROL
G-CODES M-CODES G0 Positioning (Rapid Traverse)
G01 Linear Interpolation G02 Circular Interpolation CW G03 Circular Interpolation CCW G04 Dwell
G28 Return To Reference Point G30 Floating Reference Point
G40 Tool Nose Radius Compensation CANCEL G41 Tool Nose Radius Compensation LEFT G42 Tool Nose Radius Compensation RIGHT G50 Maximum Spindle Speed
G70 Finishing Cycle
G71 Stock Removal Turning G72 Stock Removal Facing G73 Copy Turning
G76 Thread Cutting Cycle G80 Canned Cycle CANCEL G81 Drill Canned Cycle G82 Spot Drill Canned Cycle G83 Peck Drill Canned Cycle G84 Tapping Canned Cycle G96 Constant Speed Control ON G97 Constant Speed Control CANCEL
M00 Program Stop M01 Optional Stop M03 Spindle Rotation CW M04 Spindle Rotation CCW M05 Spindle Stop M08 Coolant ON M09 Coolant OFF M10 Chuck Close M11 Chuck Open M30 End Of Program
M82 Tail Stock Quill Advance M83 Tail Stock Quill Retract
OSP CONTROL
G-CODES M-CODES G0 Positioning (Rapid Traverse)
G01 Linear Interpolation G02 Circular Interpolation CW G03 Circular Interpolation CCW G04 Dwell
G28 Return To Reference Point G30 Floating Reference Point
G40 Tool Nose Radius Compensation CANCEL G41 Tool Nose Radius Compensation LEFT G42 Tool Nose Radius Compensation RIGHT G50 Maximum Spindle Speed
G70 Finishing Cycle G80 End Of Lap Cycle
G81 Start Of Lap Turning Cycle G82 Start Of Lap Facing Cycle G85 Stock Removal Turning G86 Copy Turning
G96 Constant Speed Control ON G97 Constant Speed Control CANC
M00 Program Stop M01 Optional Stop M03 Spindle Rotation CW M04 Spindle Rotation CCW M05 Spindle Stop M08 Coolant ON M09 Coolant OFF M02 End Of Program M55 Tail Stock Quill Retract M56 Tail Stock Quill Advance M63 Ignore Spindle Rotation And M
Code Answer M83 Chuck Clamp M84 Chuck Open
COMMONLY USED G-CODES IN CNC LATHE
G00 - Rapid positioning G57 – workpiece coordinate setting #4 G01 - feedrate positioning G58 – workpiece coordinate setting #5 G02 – arc clockwise G59 – workpiece coordinate setting #6 G03 – counter clockwise G61 – exact stop check mode
G04 - dwell G62 – automatic corner override G07 – federate sine curve control G63 – tapping mode
G10 – data setting G64 – cutting mode G11 – data setting cancel G65 – user macro call
G17 – x-y plane G66 – user macro call (modal)
G18 – x-z plane G67 – user macro call cancel (modal) G19 – y-z plane G70 – finishing cycle
G20 – inch unit G71 – turning cycle G21 – metric units G72 – facing cycle G22 – stored stroke check ON G73 – pattern repeat G23 – stored stroke check OFF G74 – drilling cycle G27 – reference point return check G75 – grooving cycle G28 – automatic zero return G76 – threading cycle G29 – return from zero position G80 – canned cycle cancel G30 – 2nd reference point return G83 – face drilling cycle
G31 – skip function G84 – face tapping cycle G32 – thread cutting G86 – face boring cycle G36 – automatic tool compensation G90 – absolute positioning G40 – tool compensation cancel G91 – incremental positioning G41 – tool compensation left G92 – OD thread cutting cycle G42 – tool compensation right G94 – face turning cycle G46 – automatic tool compensation G96 – constant speed control G50 – coordinate system setting G97 – constant speed control cancel G52 – local coordinate system setting G98 – federate per time
G53 – machine coordinate system setting G99 – federate per revolution G54 – workpiece coordinate setting #1 G107 – cylindrical interpolation G55 – workpiece coordinate setting #2 G112 – polar coordinate interpolation G56 – workpiece coordinate setting #3 G113 – polar coordinate interpolation cancel
PROJECT 1 O0011; N10 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N20 G92 S1500; N30 T0505; N40 G96 S1000 F0.3 M03 M08; N50 G90 G00 X52.0 Z3.0; N60 G71 U0.2 R0.2; N70 G71 P80 Q160 U0.1 W0.1; N80 G01 X0.0 Z0.0; N90 G01 X38.0 Z0.0; N100 G01 X38.0 Z-15.0; N110 G01 X42.0 Z-15.0; N120 G01 X42.0 Z-30.0; N130 G01 X46.0 Z-30.0; N140 G01 X46.0 Z-45.0; N160 G01 X50.0 Z-60.0; N170 G70 P80 Q160; N180 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N190 M09; N200 M05; N210 M30;
PROJECT 2 O0021; N10 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N20 G92 S1500; N30 T0505; N40 G96 S1000 F0.3 M03 M08; N50 G90 G00 X60.0 Z3.0; N60 G71 U0.2 R0.2; N70 G71 P80 Q140 U0.1 W0.1; N80 G01 X0.0 Z0.0; N90 G01 X32.0 Z0.0; N100 G01 X32.0 Z-15.0; N110 G01 X42.0 Z-20.0; N120 G01 Z42.0 Z-45.0; N130 G01 X58.0 Z-55.0; N140 G01 X58.0 Z-70.0; N150 G70 P80 Q140; N160 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N170 M09; N180M05; N190 M30;
PROJECT 3 O0033; N10 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N20 G92 S1500; N30 T0505; N40 G96 S1000 F0.3 M03 M08; N50 G90 G00 X182.0 Z3.0; N60 G71 U0.2 R0.2; N70 G71 P80 Q190 U0.1 W0.1; N80 G01 X0.0 Z0.0; N90 G01 X40.0 Z0.0; N100 G03 X60.0 Z-10.0 R10.0; N110 G01 X60.0 Z-25.0; N120 G01 X80.0 Z-40.0; N140 G01 X120.0 Z-100.0; N150 G01 X120.0 Z-150.0; N160 G02 X140.0 Z-160.0 R10.0; N170 G01 X160.0 Z-160.0; N180 G01 X180.0 Z-175.0; N190 G01 X180.0 Z-231.0; N200 G70 P80 Q190.0; N210 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N220 M09; N230 M05; N240 M30;
PROJECT 4 O0034; N10 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N20 G92 S1500; N30 T0505; N40 G96 S1000 F0.3 M03 M08; N50 G90 G00 X182.0 Z3.0; N60 G71 U0.2 R0.2; N70 G71 P80 Q190 U0.1 W0.1; N80 G01 X0.0 Z0.0; N90 G01 X40.0 Z0.0; N100 G03 X60.0 Z-10.0 R10.0; N110 G01 X60.0 Z-25.0; N120 G01 X80.0 Z-40.0; N130 G01 X80.0 Z-80.0; N140 G01 X120.0 Z-100.0; N150 G01 X120.0 Z-150.0; N160 G02 X140.0 Z-160.0 R10.0; N170 G01 X160.0 Z-160.0; N180 G01 X180.0 Z-175.0; N190 G01 X180.0 Z-231.0; N200 G70 P80 Q190.0; N210 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N220 M09; N230 M05; N240 M30;
PROJECT 5 O0035; N10 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N20 G92 S1500; N30 T0505; N40 G96 S1000 F0.3 M03 M08; N50 G90 G00 X122.0 Z3.0; N60 G71 U0.2 R0.2; N70 G71 P80 Q160 U0.1 W0.1; N80 G01 X0.0 Z0.0; N90 G01 X20.0 Z0.0; N100 G01 X40.0 Z-20.0; N110 G01 X40.0 Z-40.0; N120 G02 X60.0 Z-50.0 R10.0; N130 G01 X100.0 Z-65.0; N160 G01 X120.0 Z-80.0; N170 G70 P80 Q160.0; N180 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N190 M09; N200 M05; N210 M30;
N150 G01 X120.0 Z-70.0;
PROGRAMME 1 O0027; N10 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N20 G92 S1500; N30 T0505; N40 G96 S1000 F0.3 M03; N50 G90 G00 X26.5 Z3.0; N60 G71 U0.2.R0.2; N70 G71 P80 Q130 U0.1 W0.1; N80 G01 X0.0 Z0.0; N90 G01 X6.0 Z-3.0; N100 G02 X12.0 Z-6.0 R3.0; N110 G01 X16.5 Z-6.0; N120 G03 X24.5 Z-10.0 R4.0; N130 G01 X24.5 Z-23.0; N140 G70 P80 Q130; N150 G28 U0.0 W0.0;
N170 M30; PROGRAMME 2 O0028; N10 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N20 G92 S1500; N30 T0505; N40 G96 S1000 F0.3 M03; N50 G90 G00 X26.5 Z3.0; N60 G71 U0.2 R0.2; N70 G71 P80 Q140 U0.1 W0.1; N80 G01 X0.0 Z0.0; N90 G01 X4.0 Z-3.0; N100 G01 X4.0 Z-19.0; N110 G01 X8.0 Z-21.0; N120 G02 X12.0 Z-23.0 R2.0; N130 G01 X16.5 Z-23.0; N140 G03 X24.5 Z-27.0 R4.0; N150 G70 P80 Q140; N160 G28 U0.0 W0.0; N170 M05;
N180 M30;
PROCEDURE OF CUTTING PROCESS OF WORKPIECE BY USING CNC TURNING MACHINE
Procedure To Start The CNC Turning Machine Figure 1. On main switch power.
2. On main switch at the CNC machine.
3. Release emergency stop button by rotating it .
4. On display monitor (green button) and then wait until in ready. If not, when we convert the program, the program will lost.
5. Press POS button (position).
6. Press PROG button (program)
7. Press ‘EDIT MODE’ ,then press DIR button (directory)
8. Insert number and then press the arrow to look up for program. Then, press ‘PAGE’ button and all the program will display at the monitor.
9. Insert the alphanumeric data, then press ‘EOB’( end of block) and then press the ‘INSERT’ button. Repeat this step until all data has been inserted.
10. Simulate the project base on inserted data by using the folloing step:
- Press ‘RESET’ button - Press ‘AUTOMODE’ button
- Press ‘GRAPH’ button outsie the monitor - Press ‘GRAPH’ button at the monitor
Procedure To Clamp The Workpiece Figure 1. Press ‘CLAMP’ button and make sure that the workpiece
is hold properly. Close the machine’s door
2. Press the ‘MANUAL MODE’ to set the tool. Then press the ‘MDI MODE’. Insert the alphanumeric data from the start program until N40.
3. On the monitor and then on the power. Make sure that the tool touch workpiece and then press the ‘MANUAL MODE’.
4. Press ‘HANDLE Z’ button, then ‘HANDLE x100’ button then ‘HANDLE X’ button until the tool touch Z axis. CLAMP BUTTON MDI MODE MANUAL MODE HANDLE X HANDLE Z HANDLE X100
5. When the tool has touch Z axis, press ‘OFFSET SETTING’ button. After press ‘OFFSET SETTING’ button, press ‘SETTING’ button follow by ‘OFFSET’ and ‘GEOMETRY’ button.
Move the cursor to number 5 then insert the value of Z as Z0.0. Then press the measure button at the monitor.
6. Press ‘HANDLE Z’ follows by ‘HANDLE X’ until the tool touch the workpiece.
7. Press ‘RESET’ button and then open the machine’s door. Measure the diameter of the workpiece using vernier caliper and then insert the value x using the reading value. -VERNIER CALIPER-OFFSET SETTING HANDLE X HANDLE Z
Procedure To Cut The Workpiece Figure 1. Press ‘RESET’ button follow by ‘SINGLE BLOCK’
button. Then press the green button and off the ‘SINGLE BLOCK’button.
2. Press green button again and on the power, then cutting
process start automatically. Get ready to press the ‘EMERGENCY BUTTON’ if any accident or problem occurs. Wait until the cutting process at finishing step.
SINGLE BLOCK
GREEN BUTTON
3. Off the power and press ‘MANUAL MODE’. Then open the machine’s door.
Hold the workpiece and then press the ‘CLAMP’ button again to open the clamp.
Procedure To Off The Machine Figure
1. Press ‘EDIT MODE’ then press the red button. Push the ‘EMERGENCY STOP’ button
2. Off the main switch at the machine followed by main
power. GREEN BUTTON (POWER) CLAMP BUTTON
CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, I have learned a lot of things about this CNC turning machine. I knew how to handle this machine and its safety precautions. This machine is quite easy to handle and I very excited when handle it. This knowledge is very useful to me and I hope that I can apply it when I work one day.
