HANDOUT 1–4
Matching
Sigmund Freud
1. founder of psychoanalysis
Wilhelm Wundt
2. founder of modern psychology
Mary Whiton Calkins
3. first female to complete the requirements for a Ph.D. in
psychology; first female APA president
John B. Watson
4. founder of behaviorism
B. F. Skinner
5. perhaps the most famous American psychologist; his brand of
behaviorism focused on responses
William James
6. author of the first psychology textbook
G. Stanley Hall
7. first American male to earn a Ph.D. in psychology; opened first
psychology lab in the United States; first APA president
Inez Beverly Prosser
8. first African-American female to earn a Ph.D. in psychology
Jean Piaget
9. developmental and cognitive psychologist
Francis Cecil Sumner
10. first African-American male psychology Ph.D. recipient
Name: Francis Sumner First African-American to
receive a Ph.D. in psychology (established the psychology department at Howard University) Name: William James
Best known for: publishing first psychology textbook; taught first psychology classes at Harvard
Name: Inez Prosser
First African-American woman to receive a
Ph.D. in psychology (from the University of
Cincinnati)
HANDOUT 1–5
Famous Names in Psychology
Answers to Handouts ■ Module 1 ■ History and Perspectives in Psychological Science
29
Name: Roger Sperry
Studied: split-brain phenomena (won Nobel
Prize in 1981)
Name: Albert Bandura
Studied: the importance of imitation in
learning, proposing social-learning theory
Name: Abraham Maslow
Studied: self-actualization and the hierarchy of needs
Name: Karen Horney
Studied: challenged male bias in psychoanalysis
and proposed social-cultural approach
Name: Ivan Pavlov
Studied: classical conditioning (learning by
association)
Name: Jean Piaget
Studied: cognitive development in children
and adults
Name: Margaret Washburn
First woman to: receive a Ph.D. in psychology (from Cornell University)
Name: John B. Watson
Important contribution: father of behaviorism; conducted Little Albert study with Rosalie Rayner
Name: Mary Whiton Calkins
First woman to do what two things?
1) complete requirements for Ph.D. (at Harvard) 2) be president of the APA
Name: Sigmund Freud
Developed first complete theory of psychoanalysis
Terms associated with him: unconscious, id, ego, superego,
psychosexual development
Name: G. Stanley Hall
First American to: receive a Ph.D. in psychology
First opened: American psychology lab
Where? Johns Hopkins University
First president of: APA
Name: Wilhelm Wundt
Known as: father of psychology
Started first laboratory devoted to psychology in Leipzig, Germany
Name: B. F. Skinner
Studied: operant conditioning (learning
HANDOUT 1–6
Psychological Perspectives Through History
1879 1900 1920 1929 1935 1945 1964 1975 1989 2003
U.S. women receive Start of the End of World Passage of Fall of the
the right to vote Great War II Voting Rights Berlin Wall
with the Depression Act
19th Amendment
Social-Cultural Perspectives
Description: school of thought that focuses on the physical structures and substances underlying a particular behavior, thought, or emotion
Famous names: Solomon Asch, Stanley Milgram, Philip Zimbardo, Albert Bandura
Behaviorism
Description: school of thought that focuses on how we learn observable responses
Famous names: John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov
Functionalism
Description: Theory that emphasizes the functions of consciousness and the ways consciousness helps people adapt to their environment
Famous names: William James
Structuralism
Description: theory that analyzes the basic elements of thoughts and sensations to determine the structure of conscious experience Famous names: E. B. Titchener
Humanistic Psychology
Description: focuses on the study of conscious experience, freedom of choice, and capacity for personal growth
Famous names: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
Cognitive Psychology
Description: focuses on how we take in, process, store, and retrieve information
Famous names: Leon Festinger, Hermann Ebbinghaus, Jean Piaget
HANDOUT 1–6 (continued)
Psychological Perspectives Through History
1879 1900 1920 1929 1935 1945 1964 1975 1989 2003
U.S. Women receive Start of the End of World Passage of Fall of the
the right to vote Great War II Voting Rights Berlin Wall
with the Depression Act
19th Amendment
Answers to Handouts ■ Module 1 ■ History and Perspectives in Psychological Science
31
Biological Influences
Description: school of thought that focuses on the physical structures and substances underlying a particular behavior, thought, or emotion
Famous names: Roger Sperry, Paul Broca, Carl Wernicke
Psychoanalysis
Description: school of thought that focuses on how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts; contemporary version is called psychodynamic perspective
Famous names: Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Karen Horney, Erik Erikson
Gestalt Psychology
Description: psychological perspective that emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
Famous names: Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka, Kurt Lewin
