Review Of Some Science Facts – SSC CGL Exam 2014
JULY 28, 2014
The theory of relativity was propounded by Albert Einstein The principal metal used in manufacturing steel is Iron.
An altimeter is used for measuring altitude
Oology is the study of Birds eggs
Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Bacquerel The metal used in storage batteries is Lead.
The instrument used to measure the relative humidity of air is
Hygrometer.
Barometer was invented by Torricelli. The unit of power is Watt.
Radium was discovered by Marie and Pierrie Curie.
The existence of isotopes was discovered by Frederick Soddy. Dynamo was invented by Michael Faraday.
The nuclear reactor was invented by Enrico Ferni.
The law of gravitation was propounded by Sir Isaac Newton. Crescograph was invented by J.C.Bose.
Galileo’s first scientific discovery was Pendulum. Microscope was invented by Aaton Van Leewen Hock. The scientist who is known as father of modern biology is
Aristotle.
The first person to see a cell under microscope was Robert
Hooke.
The smallest flowering plant is Wolffia.
The four blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner. Sodium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy.
The atomic number of oxygen is Eight.
The basic building blocks of proteins are Amino acids.
The botanical name of the cotton plant is Gossipium Hirsutum.
An Electroscope is used to Detect charges on a body.
The unit of loudness level is Phon.
An ammeter is used to measure Electric current. Plant that eat insects are called Insectivorous plant.
Important Amendments to Indian Constitution
JULY 15, 2014
1st amendment – June 18, 1951 – zamindari abolition laws.
2nd amendment – May 1, 1953 – fix the size of each parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.
6th amendment – September 11, 1956 – the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes
7th amendment – November 1, 1956 – Reorganization of states on linguistic lines and Introduction of Union Territories
10th amendment – August 11, 1961 – Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory after acquisition from Portugal
11th amendment – December 19, 1961 – Election of Vice President by Electoral
12th amendment – December 20, 1961 – Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, after acquisition from Portugal
13th amendment – December 1, 1963 – Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A
14th amendment – December 28, 1962 – Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India
Creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa
15th amendment – October 5, 1963 – Raise retirement age of judges from 60 to 62
22nd amendment – September 25, 1969 – Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam
24th amendment – November 5, 1971 – Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution
31th amendment – October 17, 1973 – Increased size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats.
32nd amendment – July 1, 1974 – Protection of regional rights in Telangana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh
33rd amendment – May 19, 1974 – Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures
Prescribes procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker
35th amendment – March 1, 1975 – Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India
37th amendment – May 3, 1975 – Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly
38th amendment – August 1, 1975 – Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances
42nd amendment – April 1, 1977 - Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a ―Socialist Secular‖ Republic
51th amendment – June 16, 1986 – Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative
Assemblies
52nd amendment – March 1, 1985 – Anti Defection Law – Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other
56th amendment – May 30, 1987 – Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa
58th amendment – December 9, 1987 – Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution
61th amendment – March 28, 1989 – Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18
65th amendment – March 12, 1992 – National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its statutory powers specified in The Constitution.
69th amendment – February 1, 1992 – To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory
70th amendment – December 21, 1991 – Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election 82nd amendment – September 8, 2000 – Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates 86th amendment – December 12, 2002 – Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six
93rd amendment – January 20, 2006 – To enable provision of reservation for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational institutions
97th amendment – 12 January 2012 – Added the words ―or co-operative societies‖ in Article 19(l)(c) and inserted article 43B
i.e, Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e, THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
Important Years in INDIAN History
JULY 9, 2014
1866 – First Indian Political Association 1870 – Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
1876 – The Indian Association 1884 – Madras Mahajana Sabha
1885 -Bombay Presidency Association 1885 Dec -Indian National Congress Three Important Periods :
1885-1905 – Moderate Period 1905-1919 – Extremist Period 1919-1947 – Gandhian Period 1905 – Vandemataram movement 1916 – Home Rule movement
1920 – Non-Cooperation Movement 1930 – Civil Disobedient Movement 1942 – Quit Indian Movement 1892 – Indian Council Act
1909 – Minto-Morely Reforms Act 1919 – Montague-Chelmsford Act 1919 – Rowlatt Act
1935 – Government of India Act
20th July 1905 – Division of Bengal by Lord Curzon 1906 – Birth of Muslim League
1940 – August offer
1922 October – Chauri-Chaurah incident 1922 – Swaraj Party Formation
1927 – Simon Commission appointed by British Parliament 1928 – Simon Commission visit ot India
1931 – Gandhi-Irwin Pact
1930, 31, 32 – Three Round Table Conference 1945 – Simla Conference (Lord Wawell)
1946 – Cripps Proposals
1946 – Cabinet Missions arrival 1947 – Mountbatten Plan
1956 – Re-organization of the States
23 rd March 1931 – Execution of Bhagath Singh,Sukhdev and Rajguru
Important Battles in History of India
JULY 10, 2014
1. 1st battle of Tarain – 1191 – Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori 2. 2nd battle of Tarain – 1192 – Mohammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj
Chauhan
3. 1st battle of Panipat – 1526 – Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodi 4. Battle of Khanwa – 1527 – Babur defeated Rana Sunga further strengthening his foothold in India.
5. Battle of Ghaghra – 1529 – Babur defeated Mahmud Lodi and Sultan Nusrat Shah thus establishing Mughal rule in India.
6. 2nd battle of Panipat – 1556 – Akbar defeated Hemu
7. 3rd battle of Panipat – 1761 – Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas 8. Battle of Talikota – 1565 – Deccan Sultanates defeated the glorious
Vijayanagar empire
9. Battle of Haldighati – 1576 – Undecisive battle between Raja Man Singh of Mughal Army and Rana Pratap of Mewar.
10. Battle of Plassey – 1757 – British defeated Siraj-ud-duala with the help of Mir Zafar. This battle laid the foundation of British empire in India.
11. Battle of Wandiwash – 1760 – British decisively defeated the French in India.
12. Battle of Buxar – 1764 – British defeated the combined forces of Mir
Qasim, Shuja-ud-duala (Nawab of Oudh) and Shah Alam II(Mughal emperor). 13. Battle of Samugarh – 1658 – Aurangzeb defeated Dara Shikoh.
14. Battle of Karnal – 1739 – Nadir Shah defeated Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah.
pH Values of Different Substances
MAY 3, 2014 Substance pH Values Pure water 7 Human blood 7.35 – 7.45 Sea water 7.5 – 8.4 Ammonia 10.6 to 11.6 Milk 6.5 – 6.7 Normal rain 5.6 to 6 Acid rain 2 to 5.6
Human urine 6 Black coffee 5 Beers 4.5 Wines 2.8 to 3.8 Vinegar 2.9 Lemon juice 2.4
Famous Inventions and Inventors
APRIL 25, 2014
Inventions and Discoveries
Air Brake George Westinghouse
Aniline Dyes Hoffman
Adding Machine Balise Pascal
Aeroplane Wright Brothers
Air Conditioner Carrier
Aspirin Dreser
Alcohol Thermometer Farenheit
Atomic Thermometer Bohr
Atomic Theory Dalton
Atomic Number Mosley
Atomic Structure Bohr and Rutherford
Automobile Daimler
Antiseptic Surgery Lord Joseph Lister
Archimedean Screw Archimedies
Avogadro’s Hypothesis Avogadro
Ball Pen Loud
Balloon Montogolfier
Blood Circulation Harvey
Barometer Torricelli
Bicycle Mac Millan
Braily System Louis Braille
Beri - Beri Eijkman
Blood Circulation Harvey
Boson S.N.Bose
Braille Louis Braille
Computer Charles Babbage
Chloroform James Young Simpson
Cinema Lumiere Brothers
Cinema Projector Thomas Alva Edison
Crescograph J.C. Bose
Celluloid Parkes
Chloroform James Harrison and James Young Simpson
Cholera Bacillus Robert Koch
Coloured Photography Lippman
Cosmic Rays R.A.Millikan
Cyclotron Lawrence
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel
Dynamo Michael Faraday
Dynamite Alfred Nobel
Deuterium (Heavy Water) H.C.Urey
Diesel Oil Engine Rudolf Diesel
Discovery of Solar System Copernicus (1540)
Discovery of Specific Gravity Archimedes
Electric Lamp Edison
Electricity Faraday
Electron Theory Bohar
Electrical Waves Heitz
Electric Measurement Gauss
DDT Dr. Paul Muller
Electron J.J. Thompson
Electric Lamp Thomas Alva Edison
Elevator Elisha G Otis
Fountain Pen Waterman
Fahrenheit Scale Fahrenheit
Film & Photographic goods Kodak
Glider George Cayley
Generator Piciontti
Gramaphone Thomas Alva Edison
Gun Powder Roger Bacon
Geometry Euclid
Hydrogen Cavendish
Helicopter Broquett
Homoeopathy Hahnemann
Hovercraft Cockrell
Hydrophobia Louis Pasteur
Jet Engine Sir Frank Whittle
Intelligence Tests Binet
Insulin F. Banting
Induction of Electric Current Faraday
Incandescent Bulb Edison
Induction Coil Rohm Korff
Insulin F.Banting
Intelligence test Binet
Jet Propulsion Frank Whittle
Law of Gravitation Issac Newton
Law of Heredity G. Mendal
Laser Theodore Maiman
Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin
Logarithm John Napier
Laughing Gas Priestley
Life Boat Henry Great Head
Linotype Mergenthaler
Line of demarcation (ship) Plimsoll
Laws of Electrical Resistance Ohm
Law of Electrolysis Faraday
Law of gases Gay Lussac
Laws of Gravitation Newton
Laws of Heredity Gregory Mandel
Laws of Motion Newton Newton
Laws of Natural Selections Darwin
Laws of Multiple Proportion Dalton
Liquid Oxygen
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<!--[endif]--> Dewar
Machine Gun Dr. Richard Gattling
Maser Charles H. Townes
Microphone Graham Bell
Measurement of Electrical Energy Joule, James Prescoft
Meson Hideki Yakawa
Microscope Janes
MolecularScattering oflight in fluid Ramanathan
Nuclear Fission OttoHahn, Bohr and Fermi
Nylon Plastic Carothers
Oxygen J.B.Preistly
Origin of Species Charles Darwin
Parachute A.J. Garnerian
Pencillin Alexander Fleming
Photography (Film) John Carbutt
Periodic Law Mendeleef
Phonograph Edison
Phonographic Shorthand Pitman
Photograph
Dauguerre Dauguerre
Principle for lever (S.P.Gravity) Archimedes
Phototherapy N.R.Finsen
Positive Electrons Anderson
Powerloom Cartwright
Pneumatic Tyre Dunlop
Printing for the Blind Braille
Printing Press Caxton
Printing Types John Guttenberg
Rayon Sir Joseph Swan Radio-activity of Uranium Henry Becquerel
Raman effect C.V.Raman
Radium Madame Curie
Railway Engine Stephenson
Radio transmitter Alexanderson
Rare Gas Cavandish
Replacing human heart Christian Barnard
Revolver Colt
Quantum Theory Max plank
Refrigerator James Harrison
Safety Lamp Humphry Davy
Safety Match Land Strom
Safety Pin William Hunt
Safety Razor Gillette
Sewing Machine Barthelling Thimonnier
Short Hand Pitman
Solar System Copernicus
Steam Engine James Watt
Spectroscope Bunsen
Stethoscope Rene Laennee
Submarine David Bushnell
Seismograph Roberts Mallet
Sextant Hadley
Steam boat Fulton
Submarine Bushwell
Talkies Lee-de-Frost
Tank Swinton
Telegraphy WilliamF.Cooke&Charles Wheatstone
Telegraph CodeMorse
Telephone Alexander Graham Bell
Telescope Galileo
Television J.L. Baird
Thermosflask Dewar
Transistor and BardeenShockly
Typewriter Sholes
Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin
Uranium fusion Oho Hahn
Uranus (Planet) Herschel William
Vaccination Jenner
Vaccum Flask Sir James Dewar
Vulcanisation Good Year
Washing Soda Lablanc
Wireless Communication Oliver Lodge
Wireless Telegraphy Marcony
Wireless Marconi
X-ray W.C. Rontgen
New Appointments of 2014
APRIL 25, 2014
In view of the upcoming exams, today we are presenting to you the list of New Appointments of 2014. In this list, we covered all important National and International Appointments which occurred in the past 4 months of the year 2014 (January, February, March and first 3 weeks of April). This list will be helpful for your upcoming Postal Assistants / Sorting Assistants, SBI PO and SSC CGL Exams. Hope you like the post.
1. A L Banerjee - New DGP (UP)
2. Aditi Khanna - First Woman President of Indian Journalists‘ Association (IJA), London
3. Ajoy Misra - MD & CEO, Tata Global Beverages Limited
India (BAI)
5. Akhilesh Gupta - President of Indian Meteorological Society 6. Amitabh Kant - Secretary, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
7. Arvind Mayaram - New Finance Secretary
8. Arseniy Yatsenyuk - Interim Prime Minister of Ukraine
9. Arun Kumar Gupta - CMD, Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) 10. Ashraf Jehan - First female judge, Pakistan‘s National Sharia Court 11. Chetan Tamboli - Chairman of CII (Confederation of Indian Industry), Western Region
12. Devendra Kumar Pathak - Special DG, Border Security Force 13. Dinesh Sarraf - CMD of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
14. Edward Snowden - New Rector of the University of Glasgow 15. Glen Attewell - New CEO to Tesco HSC
16. G. Rohini – First Woman Chief Justice, Delhi High Court 17. H C Meena - Secretary Security, Cabinet Secretariat
18. Harish Rawat - CM of Uttrarakhand. 19. Ibrahim Mahlab - New PM of Egypt
20. Jamila Bayaz - First Women Police Chief, Afghanistan 21. Janet Yellen – Head of US Federal Reserve (1st Woman)
22. Jatinder Bir Singh - Chairman and Managing Director of Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB)
23. John Thompson - Chairman of Microsoft
24. Justice Ashok Kumar Mathur - Chairman of the 7th Pay Commission 25. Justice B.S. Chauhan - Judge of the Supreme Court
26. Kailash Meghwal - Speaker, Rajasthan Assembly 27. Kalyan Singh - Vice President of BJP
28. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw - Chairperson, Indian Institute of Management-Bangalore (IIM-B)
29. Lt Gen P R Kumar - Director General of Military Operations (DGMO), Indian Army
30. M Teresa Kho - ADB‘s (Asian Development Bank) new country director for India
31. Malala Yousafzai - World Children‘s Prize, Sweden
32. Manoj Vaish - MD and CEO, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd (MCX)
33. Marco Lambertini - Director-General of the WWF International 34. Matteo Renzi - Italy‘s youngest PM
35. Mukul Mudgal - Chairperson of Broadcasting Content Complaints Council (BCCC)
36. Narendra Kothari – New Chairman, NMDC 37. N P Singh - CEO, Multi Screen Media
38. N. Ramachandran - President, Indian Olympic Association 39. N. Srinivasan - Chairman of the International Cricket Council 40. Oleksandr Turchynov - Interim President of Ukraine
41. P. Madhusudan - CMD, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL) 42. Poonam Khetrapal Singh - Regional Director of World Health Organization South-East Asia Region
43. Pradeep Kumar Saxena - GM, South Western Railway
44. Priyadarshni Mohapatra - MD Avaya‘s India and SAARC Operations 45. R. Chandrashekhar - President, NASCOM
46. R Gandhi - Deputy Governor of RBI
47. R.K. Tiwari - Chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) 48. R.M. Lodha - New Chief Justice of India
49. R.K. Dhowan - New Navy Chief
50. Rajeev Kher - Secretary in Department of Commerce 51. Rajiv Takru - New Revenue Secretary
52. Rakesh Maria - Mumbai Police Commissioner 53. Ravi Chauhan - MD, SAP India
54. S.K. Sharma - CMD of Bharat Electronics Ltd.
55. Sanjay Kirloskar - Deputy Chairman of CII, Western Region 56. Satya Nadella - CEO of Microsoft
57. Saurabh Chandra - Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas 58. Shankar Venkateswaran - Chief, Tata Sustainability Group
59. Sheikh Hasina - Prime Minister of Bangladesh (Third Time) 60. Shikar Dhawan - Brand Ambassador to Canara Bank
61. Soma Mondel - First Woman Director of National Aluminium Company Ltd.
62. B.N. Sri Krishna - Chairman of Financial Planning Standards Board India (FPSB)
63. Sudhir Gupta - Secretary, TRAI
64. Sunil Kumar Sood - General Manager, Central Railway 65. Sushil Koirala - PM of Nepal
66. T. Nanda Kumar - Chairman, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
67. Uday Sareen - Deputy CEO, ING Vysya Bank 68. V.Kannan - CMD of Vijaya Bank
69. Vinod Sawhney - CEO of Reliance Communication (RCom) 70. Yaduvendra Mathur - CMD of Export-Import Bank of India
History Quiz : – First in India ( Male )
MARCH 21, 2014
1.First Governor of Bengal – Lord Clive ( 1757 – 60)
2.Last Governor of Bengal – Lord Hastings ( 1772 – 74)
3.First Governor Genral of Bengal – Lord Hastings ( 1774 – 75)
4.First British Governor Gerneral of India – Lord Bentinck ( 1833 – 35)
5.First British Viceroy of India – Lord Canning ( 1856 – 62)
7.First Prime Minister of free India – Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
8.First Indian to win Nobel Prize – Rabindranath Tagore
9.First Muslim President of Indian National Congress –Baduddin Tyabji
10.First Muslim President of India – Dr. Zakir Hussain
11.First Governor General of free India – Lord Mountbatten
12.First and last Indian Governor General of India – C. Rajgopalachari
13.First man who introduced printing press in India – James Hicky
14.First Indian to join the I.C.S – Satyendra Nath Tagore
15.India’s first Cosmonaut – Rakesh Sharma
16.First Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term –
Morarji Desai
17.First Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council – S. P. Sinha
19.First Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament – Charan Singh
20.First Field Marshal of India – Field Marshal S.H.F. J. Maneckshaw
21.First Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics – C.V. Raman
22.First Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award – Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
23.First Indian to cross English Channel – Mihir Sen
24.First Person to receive Jananpith award – G. Shanker Kurup
25.First Speaker of the Lok Sabha – G V Mavalankar
26.First Vice – President of India – Dr. S. Radhakrsihnan
27.First Home Minister Of India – Sardar Vallabhbahi Patel
28.First Person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen – Sherpa Ang Dorjee
29.First person to reach the South Pole – Col J K Bajaj
30.First Person to get Param Vir Chakra – Major Somnath Sharma
32.First Person to receive Magsaysay Award – Vinoba Bhave
33.First Indian Origin person to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine – Hargobind
Khurana
34.First Person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics – Amartya Sen
35.First Chief Justice of Supreme Court – Justice H. J. Kania
36.First Indian to win back to back medals in Olympics – Sushil Kumar ( 2008,
2012)
37.First Man to climb Mount Everest Twice – Nwang Gombu
38.First Man to Climb Mt. Everest 19 times – Apa Sherpa
39.First Indian Chess Grandmaster – Vishwanathan Anand ( 1988)
40.First Indian Pilot – J.R. D. Tata ( 1929)
History Quiz : – First in India ( Female )
MARCH 21, 2014
1.First female officer to be court martial led - Anjali Gupta
2.First woman judge in the Supreme Court Justice - M. Fathima Bivi
3.First woman Ambassador/High Commissioner - Miss C.B. Muthamma
4.First woman Governor of a state in India –Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
5.First woman Speaker of a state Assembly – Mrs. Shanno Devi
6.First woman Prime Minister - Mrs. Indira Gandhi
7.First woman Minister in Government - Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
8.First woman to climb mount Everest - Bachhendri Pal
9.First woman to climb mount Everest twice - Santosh Yadav
10.First woman President of Indian National Congress - Mrs. Annie Besant
11.First woman pilot in the Indian Air Force - Harita K Deol
12.First woman graduates
- Kadambini Ganguly & Chandramukhi Basu (1883)
13.First woman Airline Pilot - Durba Banerjee
14.First Indian woman Honours graduate - Kamini Roy (1886)
15.First woman Olympic medal Winner - Karnam Maleshwari (2000)
16.First woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner - Kamaljit Sandhu
17.First woman President of United Nations General Assembly - Vijay Lakshmi Pandit
18.First woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission - Roze Millian Bethew
19.First woman Director General of Police - Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
20.First Indian woman Judge - Anna Chandy (1937)
21.First woman Chief Justice of High Court - Mrs. Leela Seth
22.First woman Lieutenant General - Dr. Punita Arora
23.First woman Air Vice Marshal - Dr. Padmavathi Bandopadhyaya 24.First woman chairperson of Indian Airlines
- Sushma Chawla
25.First woman IPS officer - Mrs. Kiran Bedi
26.First and last Muslim woman ruler of India - Razia Sultan
27.First woman of receive Ashoka Chakra - Nirja Bhanot
28.First woman to receive jnanpith Award - Ashapurna Devi
29.First woman to cross English Channel - Aarti Saha
30.First Indian woman to receive the Nobel Prize - Mother Teresa
31.First woman to receive Bharat Ratna - Mrs.Indra Gandhi
32.First Indian women to cross Gobi Desert - Sucheta Kadethankar (2011)
33.First Indian woman to reach the final of an Olympic event - P.T. Usha
34.First Test Tube Baby (Documented) - Indira
35.First Indian woman Merhcant Navy Officer - Sonali Banerjee
List of Important Battles for SSC CGL Exam
Dear readers, here we are providing list of some Important Battles of Indian history which can be useful in your upcoming SSC exams.
1. Battle of Chausa: 1539 A.D. - The battle of Chausa was fought between Mughal emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri. In this battle Humayun was defeated. It facilitated Sher Khan to march on to Delhi at Agra.
2. Battle of Hydaspes 326 B.C.—Alexander the Great, defeated Porus, the Paurava king.
3. Battle of Kannauj (1540 A.D.) – Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun. After this battle, Humayun fled to Iran and Sher Shah Suri occupied Delhi. 4. Battle of Kalinga 261 B.C.— Ashoka defeated the king of Kalinga. Ashoka embraced Buddhism and preached it during the rest of his life after this war.
5. First Battle of Tarain or Thaneswar A.D. 1191 - Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori.
6. Second Battle of Tarain A.D. 1192 - Mohammed Ghori defeated Prithvi Raj Chauhan. Ghori’s victory paved the way for the establishment of Muslim rule in India.
7. First Battle of Panipat 1526— Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi. This laid the foundation of the Mughal rule in India.
8. Second Battle of Panipat 1556—Bairam Khan (Akbar’s General)
defeated Hemu (the Hindu General and right-hand man of Mohd. Adil Shah). It also ended the Afghan Rule and Mughal Rule began instead.
9. Third Battle of Panipat 1761—Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marathas. It gave a terrible blow to the Maratha power. It made the field clear for the English.
10. Battle of Khanwah 1527— Babar defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar. This battle resulted in the defeat of the powerful Rajput confederacy.
11. Battle of Talikota 1564- 65—United alliance between Bijapur, Bidar, Ahmednagar and Golkonda under Hussain Nizam Shah defeated Ram Raja of Vijayanagar. It destroyed the Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar.
12. Battle of Haldighati 1576—Akbar’s forces headed by Raja Man Singh defeated Rana Pratap, the brave Rajput king. Though defeated, Rana Pratap refused to accept Mughal authority and carried on warfare till his death.
13. Battle of Plassey 1757— The English under Lord Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah. It brought Muslim Rule in Bengal to an end and laid foundations of the British Rule in India.
14. Battle of Wandiwash 1760—The English defeated the French. The battle sealed the fate of the French in India and paved the way for English rule in India.
15. Battle of Buxar 1764— Fought in 1764 between the forces of the English and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Oudh) and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam. The English victory at Buxar finally riveted the shackles of the Company’s rule upon Bengal.
16. First Mysore War (1767- 68)—In 1768, Haider Ali was defeated by the English relinquishing all his rights over Mysore in favour of the English. 17. Second Mysore War 1780— A grand alliance between Haider Ali, the
Nizam and the Marathas was formed and Haider Ali. He defeated the
English and took possession of Arcot and became the undisputed master of the Carnatic.
18. Third Mysore War 1790- 92—Fought between the English and Tipu Sultan. Tipu Sultan had to submit and was compelled to sign the Treaty of Seringapattam stripped him of half his territory.
19. Fourth Mysore War 1799— The British forces under Arthur Wellesley defeated Tipu Sultan, which brought the end of the Tipu Sultan.
20. First Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three
Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai.
21. Second Anglo Maratha War 1803-05—It weakened the Maratha power. The English annexed Tanjore, Surat and Carnatic.
22. Third Anglo Maratha War 1817- 18—The British forces defeated Marathas and this campaign finally extinguished the Maratha Empire.
23. Battle of Cheelianwala 1849—Forces of the East India Company under Lord Hugh Gough defeated the Sikhs under Sher Singh.
24. Burmese War 1885—As a result of this War, the whole of Burma was occupied by the English and made a part of India.
25. Afghan War III 1919—As a result of this War, Treaty of Rawalpindi was signed by which Afghanistan was recognised as an independent State.
FEW FACTS ABOUT INDIA
MARCH 21, 2014
In the prevailing scenario, we know we have many reasons to be mad about the situation of our country. But it’s always better to look at positive side and be happy and proud about it, then to look at the negative side and criticise. So, enlisting below just few of the many positive points about INDIA.
1. India is the world’s largest, oldest, continuous civilization. 2. India is the world’s Largest democracy.
3. India never invaded any country in her last 1000 years of history. 4. India invented the number system. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
5.When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization) 6. There are 300,000 active mosques in India , more than in any other country, including the Muslim world
7. Sanskrit is the mother of all the European Languages . Sanskrit is the most suitable language for computer software – a report in Forbes magzine July 1987.
8. Chess (Shataranja or AshtaPada) was invented in India.
9. India has the second largest pool of Scientist and Engineers in the World. 10. India is the largest English speaking nation in the world.
11. India is the only country other than US and Japan, to have built a super computer indeigenously.
12. India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world
13. One of the largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways , employing over a million people
14. India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India’s wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
15. The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982
16. The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world’s largest religious pilgrimagedestination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average
of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.
17. Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called “the Ancient City” when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
18. Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.
19.Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years. 20. Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world. 21. The value of ―pi‖ was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the
Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
22. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
23. India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution.
24. Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over2600 years ago
Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgerie 25. The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word
‗NAVGATIH‘. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word ‗Nou‘. Jai Hind!!!
SSC Quiz : : The First Men in India who made history
MARCH 21, 2014
Dear readers we are providing here the first men and there accomplishment which has been asked in every competitive examinations.
The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress
W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of Bengal Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India C. Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath Tagore
India’s first man in Space Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term Morarji Desai
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy’s executive council S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament Charan Singh
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine Hargovind Khurana
The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot J.R.D. Tata (1929)
All About Bharat Ratna Award: India‘s Highest Civilian Honour
MARCH 21, 2014
Legendary cricketer Sachin Tendulkar and eminent scientist Prof C N Rao was presented with the Bharat Ratna Award by India’s President Pranab Mukherjee on 4 February 2014 in New Delhi.
The Little Master Tendulkar, who retired from international cricket on November 16 last year, is the first sportsman to bestowed with the honour. An outspoken scientist, Prof Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao is a well recognized international authority on solid state and materials chemistry is the third scientist after C V Raman and former President A P J Abdul Kalam to be conferred with the Bharat Ratna.
Tendulkar (40) and Rao (79), both of whom are recipients of Padma Vibhushan — the country’s second highest civilian honour, will join a list of 41 eminent personalities who have been conferred with the award that is given in recognition of exceptional service of the highest order since it was instituted in 1954.
Bharat Ratna Award: The Bharat Ratna, (Jewel of India in English) is India’s highest civilian honour.
Until 2011, the official criteria for awarding the Bharat Ratna stipulated it was to be conferred ―for the highest degrees of national service. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as ―recognition of public service of the highest order.
In December 2011, the Government of India modified the criteria to allow sportspersons to receive the award; since then, the award may be conferred ―for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavor.
Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for the award.
The recommendations for an award of the ―Bharat Ratna‖ are made by the Prime Minister of India to the President of India; a maximum of three awards may be made in a given year.
Specifications of Bharat Ratna Award: The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the legend ―Bharat Ratna‖ (in Devanagari) above and a floral wreath below.
The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon.
There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced and one year later the design was altered.
The decoration is in the form of a peepal leaf, about 5.8 cm long, 4.7 cm wide and 3.1 mm thick. It is of toned bronze.
The award is attached to a 2-inch-wide (51 mm) white ribbon, and is designed to be worn around the recipient’s neck.
Interesting facts and information about Bharat Ratna award:
Bharat Ratna is the most prestigious award given by Indian government. Anyone with a great performance in any field is eligible for this honor.
1. The medal looks like a peepul leaf with ―Bharat Ratna‖ written on it in Devanagari script. An image of sun is also printed on it. The back side of the award carries the state emblem and motto.
2. The award was started by formal President of India Rajendra Prasad on 2nd January, 1954. At that time only the alive people were eligible for their national service. Later these criteria were changed.
3. The first person to receive Bharat Ratna was scientist C.V. Raman and the first person to receive Bharat Ratna after death is Lal Bahadur Shashtri.
4. Rajiv Gandhi is the youngest receiver (after death, at age 47) of the award and Indira Gandhi is the youngest alive receiver (at age 54) of the award.
5. Vallabhbhai Patel is the eldest to receive (after death, at age 116) the award and Gulzarilal Nanda is the eldest alive person to receive (at age 99) the award.
6. Among 41 awards given so far only 2 awards were given to foreign citizen-Nelson Mandela (1990), Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987).
7. Subhas Chandra Bose was awarded with Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1992. But due to controversy (as there is no evidence of Subhas Chandra Bose’s death) the award was withdrawn. It is the only incident in the history of Bharat Ratna that an award was withdrawn.
8. There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens. Bharat Ratna has been one award to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa (1980), and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990).
9. Hindustani music doyen Bhimsen Joshi being the last recipient in 2008.
10. Sachin Tendulkar is the youngest person alive at the time of receiving the award (at the age of 40). Dhondo Keshav Karve is the eldest person alive at the time of receiving the award (age 100).
11. CNR Rao became the third scientist after C V Raman and former President A P J Abdul Kalam to be conferred with the Bharat Ratna.
The Bharat Ratna holders however, come 7th in the Indian order of precedence behind:
1. The President 2. The Vice-President 3. The Prime Minister 4. The State Governors
5. The former Presidents and the Deputy Prime Minister 6. The Lok Sabha Speaker and Chief Justice of India The perks associated with Bharat Ratna are: 1. Free first class flight journey anywhere in India. 2. Free first class train journey.
3. Pension equal to or 50% of Prime Minister of India’s salary.
4. Can attend the Parliament meetings and sessions. 5. Precedence at par with Cabinet Rank.
6. Eligible for Z category protection, if needed.
7. Special Guest in Republic Day and Independence Day. 8. Status equal to VVIP.
SSC QUIZ ( IMPORTANT QUESTION ON GEOGRAPHY)
MARCH 21, 2014
1.The first person to use the word geography was
2.The First presented the India on the world map – Tolmie
3.10 latitude give the separation of
– 111 kms
4.10 Longitude is equal to
– 4” (minutes)
5.The Closest capital to tropic cancer
– Ranchi
6.3 capitals are above to Tropic of Cancer
– Jaipur, Aizwol, Agarthala
7.The atmosphere layer which reflects radio – waves is known as
- Lonosphere
8.Which State is known as the name of Black Water?
- Andaman and Nicobar
9.Which latitude divides India into two parts? – 23 ½ 0
10.The largest delta in the world is – The delta of Ganga
11.The type of climate in India is – Monsoon
12.Most of the iron in India is found in – Dharwar Rocks
13.Ozone layer is found in
– Stratosphere
14.―Ring of fire‖ refers to – Circum – Pacific Seismic belt
15.Willy – Willy is the tropical cyclone occurring in – Coast of North – west Australia
16.On which river, the Baglihar Hydro- power project is located?
– Chenab
17.The term Rugur refers to
– Black cotton Soil
18.Which two peninsular rivers flow through troughs?
19.How much area does India cover of the total geographical area of the world? – 2.42 %
20.The length of the Indian coastline is - 7516.6 km
Some Important Boundary Lines
Durand Line Between Pakistan and Afghanistan
Hinderberg line Between Germany and Poland
49 th Parallel Between USA and Canada
Mac Mohan Line Between India and Tibet / China
Maginot Line Between France and Germany
38th Parallel Between North and South Korea
Oder Neisse Line Between Germany and Poland
Radcliffe Line Between India and Pakistan
17th Parallel
Between Inda and Pakistan (as claimed by Pakistan)
RIVERS SIDE CITIES ( IMPORTANT FOR SSC 10 + 2)
Town River
Kabul (Afghanistan) Kabul
Allahabad Confluence of Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati (invisible) Varanasi Ganga Nasik Godawari Kolkata Hooghly Cuttack Mahanadi Patna Ganga
Chittagong (Bangladesh) Maiyani
Lucknow Gomati Jamshedpur Subarnarekha Haridwar Ganga Delhi Yamuna Kanpur Ganga Surat Tapti Srinagar Jhelum
Ferozepur Sutlej
Ludhiana Sutlej
Karachi (Pak) Indus
Yangon (Myanmar) Irawady
Akyab (Myanmar) Irawady
Vijaywada Krishna
Lahore (Pak) Ravi
Paris (France) Seine
Hamburg (Germany) Elbe
Budapest (Hungary) Danube
Rome (Italy) Tiber
Warsaw (Poland) Vistula
Bristol (U.K.) Avon
London (U.K.) Thames
New Castle (U.K.) Tyre
China
Shanghai Yang-tse-Kiang
Chungking Yang-tse-Kiang
Canton Si-Kiang
Middle East and Africa
Cairo (Egypt) Nile
Basra (Iraq) Tigris and Euphrates
Ankara (Turkey) Kizil
Baghdad (Iraq) Tigris
Khartoum (Sudan) Blue and While Nile Europe
Berlin (Germany) Spree
Belgrade Dunube
Cologne (Germany) Rhine
Lisbon (Portugal) Tangus Glasgow (Scotland) Clyde
USA
New York Hudson
Philadelphia Delaware
Monetreal (Canada) Ottawa Quebec (Canada) St. Lawrence
Short Notes on MINERALS
JULY 29, 2014
India is quite rich in minerals. Substances which are found in the rocks lie hidden under the ground are called minerals.
Some /of the minerals like iron, copper, zinc, aluminium, GOLD AND SILVER are metals while some others like coal, petroleum, lime stone and salt are non-metals.
The metals are found in their crude form known as ores. The metals have to be obtained from their ores by melting or by other process.
1. IRON :
Iron is found in the earth‘s surface in its crude form known as iron-ore.
India has huge deposits of iron-ore in Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra.
Iron-ore is found in the mines at Singhbhum in Bihar and Mayurbhanj in Orissa.
Steel is obtained by alloying iron with manganese.
We have big steel plants at Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela and Bhadravati.
2.COAL :
It is known as ‘black diamond‗. Products like nylon, chemicals, dyes, drugs and perfumes are obtained from the distillation of coal.
Coal is found in Bihar, West Bengal, Damodar Valley, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Jharia in Bihar and Raniganj in West Bengal are the largest coal mines in India.
Other coal mines are located at Suhagpur (Madhya Pradesh) Dhanbad (Bihar) Neyveli (Tamil Nadu) and Singarani (Andhra Pradesh).
3. PETROLEUM :
Petroleum is known as ‘black gold’.
Petroleum is found at Digboi in Assam, Ankaieshwar and Kalol in Gujarat and Bombay High off the shore of Bombay.
The petroleum produced in India is not sufficient to meet our requirements.
Manganese is used in the manufacture of steel.
India is one of the largest producers of manganese in the world. It is found in Orissa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. 5. MICA :
It is a bad conductor of electricity.
It is used as insulator in making electrical goods like radio sets and wireless sets.
India is the largest producer of mica in the world.
Its huge deposits are found in Gaya, Monghyr and Hazaribagh districts of Bihar.
Mica is also found in large quantities in Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. A large quantity of mica is exported to other countries.
6. ALUMINIUM :
It is a light but hard metal.
The ore from which aluminum is produced is known as bauxite.
Huge deposits of bauxite are found in Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra.
7. COPPER :
It is a good conductor of electricity.
It alloys with zinc to form brass and with tin to form bronze. It occurs in small quantities in India.
It is found at Khetri in Rajasthan. Some copper has been found in Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
8. GOLD :
Gold is produced from the mines at Kolor and Hutti in Karnataka and Anantopuram in Andhra Pradesh.
9. DIAMOND :
Diamonds are found in the mines at Panno in Madhya Pradesh
.
International bodies and their Headquarters JULY 30, 2014
1. United Nations Organization ——— New York 2. Economic Commission of Europe ———- -Geneva 3. Economic & Social Commission of Asia ——- Bangkok
4. Economic Commission of Latin America ———Santiago, Chile 5. Economic Commission for Africa ——–Addis Ababa ,Ethopia 6. Economic Commission for Western Asia——Baghdad, Iraq
7. UNESCO ——-Paris
8. Universal Postal Union (UPU) ——–Berne, Switzerland 9. WHO ————Geneva ( It is nt in Delhi )
10. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ——Geneva 11. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ——Geneva 12. World Trade Organization (WTO)—— Geneva,Switzerland 13. International Telecommunication Union (ITU)——Geneva 14. International Labour Organization (ILO)——- Geneva
15. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) —–Vienna 16. Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) —–Rome
17. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Rome 18. International Maritime Organization (IMO) London
19. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) —-Vienna
20. IBRD (International Bank of Reconstruction & Development) or World Bank ——-Washington
21. International Development Association —–Washington 22. International Finance Corporation (IFC) —–Washington 23. International Monetary Fund (IMF) ——Washington
24. International Telecommunication Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) —Washington 25. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). —–Montreal, Canada
26. UNICEF—– New York
27. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)—- Geneva 28. United Nations Conference on Trade & Development (UNCTAD) —-Geneva 29. United Nations Institute for Training & Research (UNITAR) —-Geneva
30. United Nations Relief & Work for Palestine Refugees in the Near East —- Gaza City & Amman ,Jordan
31. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) —-New York 32. United Nations Postal Administration (UNPA)— New York 33. United Nations Development Programme —-(UNDP) New York 34. United Nations Environment Programme —–(UNEP) Nairobi 35. International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) —-New York
36. Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons —-The Hague,Holland 37. United Nations Drugs Control Program (UNDCP)—– Vienna
38. United Nations Interregional Crime & Justice Research Institute —-Turin, Italy 39. United Nations Fund for International Parterships —- New York
40. UN-HABITAT ( United Nations Human Settlement Programme ) —-Nairobi 41. United Nations International School (UNIS) —-New York
42. World Food Programme (WFP) —–Rome
43. World Tourism Organization (WTO) —–Madrid, Spain
45. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) —-Geneva 46. United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)—- Geneva
47. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) —-Vienna, Austria