•
Popular struggles and movements
Concept Maps
Class X
•
Agriculture
•
Manufacturing Industries
•
Minerals and Energy Resources
•
Lifeline of National Economy
•
Consumer Rights
•
Mobilisation & Organisation
•
Power Sharing
Social Science
•
Forest and Wildlife Resources
•
Gender, Religion and Caste
•
Federalism
•
India as a federal country
•
Political Parties
Popular struggles and movements
Stories
Mobillsation
&
Organisation
With the help of political parties,
pressure groups & movement groups
Ruled by king Birendra under constitutional monarchy World Bank pressurising the govt to give up control on water supply in cochabamba city.
Nepal Bolivia
Killed in a mass acre (2001)
Rights sold to an MNC King Ganendra became the king, did not accept the constitution
Hike in water price by MNC people were in burden
Joined by SPA, Maoist, Students, etc.
The govt tried to supprem it by applying Martial law
Succeded on April 2006 Nepal's second movement for Democracy
Turned into a bigger movement
The MNC fleed
The prices stored to govt. rater
The Bolivion water war. People started a movement (2006) three demands
(i) restoration of parliament (ii) Power to all party govt. (iii) New constituent assembly.
Movement started by people under (FEDECOR) Jan 2000
Political parties Pressure groups (Do not directly participate in the govt.
Movement Groups
(groups who raise voice for their demonds) Contest elections, form govt.
and make changes
Sectional interest group (FEDECOR)
Issue specific movements Keep contact with pressure &
movement groups for support
Promotional interest group (BAMLEF)
Generic or general movements
(comprised of many different movements) Can be influenced by pressure groups.
Agriculture
Types of farming practical depends on two factors
Coropping pattern
Major crops
Technological and inst. reforms
Types of farming
Physical Human
Relief
Climate Location
Cultural back ground
Aawailabity of irrigation Agricultural practices Rabi Kharif Zaicl
Faster means of comunication Consolidation of small & holdings
Irrigation, spinklers Providing knowledge weather bulletions
MSP
Fertilizers, HYV Crop Insurance
KCC, PAIS Primitive Subsistence
Intensive Subsistence
Plantation
Commercial farming
Rice Wheat Millets (coarse) Maize Cotton Jute
(Golden Fiber) Pulses Sugarcane Coffee Tea
Temperature 24-27ºC Moderate High to Moderate Moderate High High High 21–27°C High High
Rainfall 250cm 75 Cm Low 150-200 Light Heavy 75 Cm 75–100 cm Heavy Heavy
Soil Alluvial Loamy Soil Less fertile Sandy Well-drained fertile soils
black,
Alluvial Alluvial
Semi-arid,
Loamy Soil Alluvial Loamy Loamy
Climate Tropical Temperate Tropical Tropical Tropical Humid Dry Hot & Humid Warm / wet Humid
Type Subsistence Subsistence Subsistence Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial
Labour Cheap — – – – Cheap – Cheap Cheap Cheap
Pattern Kharif Rabi Kharif Kharif Kharif – Both – – –
Frostfree days ---- 100 – – 210 – – – – –
Area S.E.Asia,
South Asia
Punjab, Haryana,
Rajasthan Rajasthan, Haryana. Punjab, Haryana, U.P.,H.P. Maharashtra, Punjab, Karnataka
West Bengal MP, UP, Raj., Karnatak Maharashtra Karnataka, AP, Punjab Karnataka, Tamilnadu Assam, Sikkim, HP, Tamilnadu
Manufacturing Industries
Importance
Industrial Location
Classification on
the basis of
Contribution
Modernisin AgricultureEradication of poverty & unemployment
Increasing industries leab to prosparity Brings foreign exchange
Raw material Labour (Skilled/unskilled) Labour Power Market Transportation Enterpreneur Capital
Raw materials used Their main Role Cpital Investment Ownership Sources of Raw material
Agro based Mineral based Basic/key Consumer industries
Tertile
Cotton
Sugar Jute
Iron & steel
Aluminium smelting Fertiliser India Chemical Industries Cement Small scale Large scale Public sector Private sector Cooperation Joint sector Light Heavy 27% of GDP 9%–10% GR/annum Formation of NMCC
Minerals and Energy Resources
Mode of acarrence of minerals
Classification
Conservation
(Homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure)
Isneoys & metamorphic veins, lodes Sectmen to bed or layers by evaporation
? Placer deposite Ocean water
Metallic Non-metallic Energy Minerals
Ferrous Non-Ferrous
Containing Iron Copper Bauxite
Mica Lime stone Conventional Electricity Non Conventional
Coal Petroleum Natural Gas Anthracite bituminous Peat Lignite Thermal Hydro Nuclear Solar Wind mills Geo thermal Tidal Bio-gas Minerals Energy Resources
Type
Importance Basic minerals Back bone
Used in manufacturing of steel, Ferrmanganings
bleaching powder, insectisides, points
Distribution • Orissa Jharkhand Delt Orissa– 33%
M.P.– 22%
Karnataka– 15%
Others– 30% • Durg- Bastar - Chandrapur belt
• bellary - Chitradurga- Chikmaglur – Tumkur
Type Type Importance Importance Iron-ore Coal Magnetite Hematite – Anthracite – Bituminous – Lignite – Peat Basic minerals Backbone of economy
– nation's energy needs – Power generation
– used for power generation • Orissa - Jharkhand • Durg -
Bastar-Chardrapur
Gondwana Coal Tertiary
Damodar Vally, Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro, and Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and wardha valleys
Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Nagaland • Orissa - 33% • MP - 22% • Karnatak – 15% • Thers - 30% Mumbai High - 63% Gujrat - 18% Assam– 16% • Balaghat mines (M.P.) 52% (Roj.– 42%) MP– 58%) – Krisha-Godavari Basin – Mumbai high – Gulf of Cambay
– Andaman Nicobar Islands – HVJ, 1700 km loy
gas pipeline. Used in manufacturing
of steel, ferro-manganise alloy. bleaching powder, insecticides, paints
Provides fuel for heat & lighting. Lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a no. of industries.
• malleable • ducsile
• good conductor
of electricity
– Clean energy resource – Now material in the
petrochemichal industry.
– excellent di-electric strength – Insulating properties
– resistance to high voltage – used in electric & electronic
industries.
– Chota Nagpur plateau – Koderma - Gay a - Hazari
bagh belt
– Ajmer, Nellore
– Raw material for
cement industries – essential for smelting iron-ore – A.P. – 16% – MP – 15% – Raj – 15% – Guj – 11% – Tamil Nadu – 9% – Others – 34% Manganase Petroleum Copper Natural Gas
Mica Lime stone
Distribution
Lifeline of National Economy
Land
Water
Air
Communication
International Trade
Roadways Railways Pipelines
Golden Quadrilateral Super High wasys
National Highways District Roads Other Roads Border Roads State Highways Road Density Goods Passengers Narrow Gauge (0.762 to 0.610) Metro Gauge (1.00) Broad Gauge (1.676) HVJ Liqued (Petroleum)
Gas Assam to Kanpur
Inland Overjeas
Major Ports N. W. No. 1 (1620 km)
N.W. No. 2 (891 km)
The wash Kandla
Marmagoa New Manglore Kochi Tuticorin Chennai Vishakhapatnam Paradeep Haldia Kolkata Portblain Mumbai
Donestic International
Public under taking Private Airlines Raja Sansi (Amritsar) Chhatrpati Shivaji (Mumbai) ING (Delhi) Netaji Subbash Chandra Bose
Hyderabad Meehan Dakkam (Chennai)
Nedimbacherry (Tiruvanantpuram)
Indian postal network Telicom Network Mass communication
World Largest Longestion Asia
Export Imports
Tourism a Trade
Consumer Rights
Meaning
Consumer in the market place
Consumer Movements
Consumers Rights
Learning to become well - Informed consumers
Taking the consumer movement forward
Steps taken by the government for protection of consumers
Consumer Consumers Rights Consumer Exploitation
Under measurement
High Prices
Adultration & Impurity
False Claims
Hoarding & black Marketing
Unsatisfactory after sale service
Rough Behavior & Undue conditions Sub-standard good
Forms of consumer exploitation Factors causing exploitation of consumers
Limited Information Limited compitition Low Literacy Limited supply Right to safety Legislative steps
Right to Information Denial of Choice
Administrative steps
Right to seek Redressal Right to Represent
Technical steps
Copra, 1986
Three tier quasi-judicial system
Sperate Dept. for consumer welfare both in central and state govt.
District level court (Up to 20 lakhs)
National level Court (More than 1 crore) State level court (20– 1 crore)
PDS BIS/ISI
Agmark
RPO
Mobilisation & Organisation
Nepal
Bolivia
Political Parties
Press are groups
Movement Groups
Ruled by king Birendra under constitutional monarchy
King Ganendra became the king, did not accept the constitution
People started a movement (2006) three demands (i) restoration of parliament (ii) Power to all party govt. (iii) New constituent assambly Joined by SPA, Maolst, students, etc.
Succeded on April 2006 Nepal's second movement for democracy Killed in a massacre (2001)
(With the help of political parties, pressure groups, & movement groups)
World bank pressurising the govt. to give up control on water supply in cochabanba city.
Hike in water prices by MNC & people were in burden
Movement started by people under (FEDECOR) Jan 2000
The govt. tried to suppress it by applying martial law
Turned into a bigger movement
The MNC fleed
The prices restored to govt. rater
The bolivian water war. Rights sold to an MNC Lontest electrions, form govt. and make changes.
Can be influenced by pressure groups
Keep contact with pressure & movement groups for support
(Do not directly participate in the govt.) Sectional Interest group (Fedecor) Promotional Inteest group (Bamcef)
(Groups who araise voice for their demands) Issue specific movements
Generic or general movements
Power Sharing
Belgium
Desirable for
Sri Lanka
Ethnic composition 59% Flenish - Dpeak Dutch 40% Wallonia - Speak French 1% German speak Backward weak Rich/powerful In Bruses Dutch speakers French speakers Accomodation Amendments in the constitution 1970– 1993Intro. of the New Model
Equal no. of ministers from dutch & Freach community
Sharing of powerb/w state & centre.
Bnessels– equal
representation
Community Govt. Intro. of the New Model
Pnedential Reason Moral Reason Forms
Horizontal Distribution of power
Vertical Distribution of power
Among different social groups
Political partia, pressure groups, movement.
Ethric composition
Srhala speaters Tamil speaters Buddhist 74% 18% Hindu/Muslims Christia 7% Sri lankan Tamils Indian Tamils Majoritarianism
favour to sinhala speater in jobs Act 1956
Sinhala as afficial chgerm
Promotion of Buddhism
Discrimination in opportunities & interest
Result Struggles, distrust
Forest and Wildlife Resources
Classification
Causes of Depletion of flora and faunea
Conservation in India
Vulnerable species Normal species Pare species Endemic species Extinct species Endargered speciesHunting and over exploitation
Environmental Pollution
Increased grazing and fuel wood collection
Colovonial forest policies
Industrial growth and expanding urbanisation
Over population
Large scale development projects (mines, dams etc.) Agricultural expansion
Forest Classification Community participation Wildlife
(i) Reserved
(iii) Unclassed (ii) Protected
(i) Villagers in Alwar district
(iii) Beej Bachao Andolan
(iv) Navdanya
(v) JFM
(ii) Chipko movement
(i) The Indian wildlife Protection Act– 1972
(iii) Wildlife Act 1980– 86 notification for
protection of insects– 1991 - plants
were added.
Gender, Religion and Caste
Gender
Where is discrimination withessed
Religion
Caste
Stereotyping
Feminist movements Senual division of Labour
Literacy Rate
Low political representation
Sex Ratio
Domestic Violence
Gender
Low paid & unpaid work
Communalism Religion & politics in Gandhiji's View Religion & polities in Humanist view
How communalism can lead to seclusion of ore section of the society from the rest if merged with dirts politics
To combat this india believes in Secularism
Earlier system of caste
Results
Actual Results
Still casteism is a great threat Present Situation
On the basis of occupation with the liberty of changing it.
Rigid and cruel system based on birth not qualities.
Used for social discrimination, dirty game of politics played leading to further divisions and seclusion in the society.
Not always defined by politics, people look at their work & performances,
New generation not very much concerned with caste system but economic upgradation.
Federalism
Promotes & protects unity and accomodates diversity
Cach tier has its our jurisdiction
The existence and authority of each tier is constitutionally gauranted
Coming Together Federations U.S.A., switzerland
Courts act as an unpire
Sources of revenue are different and specified
Holding Together Federation, India, Spain
Change can not be done unilaterally
2 or more levels of govt.
India as a federal country
Union list
State list
Concurrent list
Residuary list
Formation of linguistic state
Language policy wid no thrust on any state
Union state Relation
Political Parties
Functions
Political Party Systems
Challenges to political parties
Reformation of political parties
National political parties
State political parties
(6% voles in L.S. elections or L.A elections in 4 states) + 4 seats in L.S.
(6% votes in L.A. elections +2 seats in L.A.)
Group of people wid similar views and programmes and wish to promote it
Contest elections
Policies & programs are framed
Making laws
Shaping public opinion Work as opposition
Comprised of leaders active members followers Partisanship
Single party system (China)
Multiple party system (India) Bi-Party system (U.S.A.)
Lack of internal democrcy
Money & muscle power
No. meaningful choices Dynastic succession
Law against defection Holding of internal elections
Suggestion of reservation & State fanding for Pol partion Filing of affidavit INC NCP CPI-M BJP BSP CPI Samajwadi Party Rarttriya Janata Dal Sikkim Democratic Front
Samata Party DMK Telugu
Desam
Forward Bloc
Democracy and Diversity
Social divisions and social inequalities
Politics of social Divisions
What can be done
Based on the accident of Birth
Resons
Overlapping (One type of social difference strengthens the other) Cross-cutting (One hype of social difference weakens the other)
Birth
Religion
Economic states Choice
Use of social divisions for political motives (consequence)
Dangerous & Explosive (N. Ireland)
Accomodation (Belgium)
People see their identify as complementary to the national identity
How the govt deals with these issues How the political leaders raise the point
