Internet Service Providers
Laura Jeanne Knapp IBM Networking 1-919-254-8801 Laura@lauraknapp.com www.lauraknapp.com Thomas M. Hadley IBM Networking 1-919-301-3052 tmhadley@us.ibm.com
Internet
Service ISP AOL, MSN Consumer ISP Mindspring, Earthlink Business ISP PSINet, C&W AT&T, UunetConnecting to the Internet
Infrastructure ISP QWEST, Worldcom, Level3 Content ISP Exodus, Frontier, IBM
International ISPs National ISPs
Long Distance Carriers On-Line Services
Regional Phone Companies Regional ISPs
Local ISPs
Cable Companies . . .
Internet
First Tier Service Providers (National or International)
Regional ISP Networks
Local ISP Networks Packet Exchange Sites
Corporate and user connection occur at any level of ISP network
levels
Global Internet Backbone
Backbone ISP
Provide connections across long distances National and international
Carry traffic for smaller ISPs
High bandwidth packet exchange points Interconnection sites
Network Access Points (NAPs) Commercial Internet Exchanges (CIXs)
Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs) Ameritech AOL Earthlink MSN PSINet PSINet Uunet C&W Digex Flash SBC AT&T SAVIS Concentric LDDS Mindspring Sprint AT&T UUNET UUNET NAP NAP NAP Peer Peer
Packet Exchange Points
North AmericaMAE East (MFS) MAE West (MFS)
MAE Chicago (Ameritec) MAE Houston
MAE Dallas MAE LA (PacBell) MAE New York (Sprint)
Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Boston Exchange
Boston MIX
Philadelphia Internet Exchange Baltimore Internet Exchange Atlanta NAP
Atlanta Internet Exchange PaloAlto Exchange
Oregon Internet Exchange
Puget Sound Regional Interconnect Northwest Internet Exchange Phoenix Internet Exchange Tucson Interconnect Nashville NAP Zions Hill The Arch Canada NAP Montreal Exchange Europe MAE Paris MAE Frankfurt
Amsterdam Internet Exchange (AMS-IX) French (GIX)
Belgian IP Interconnection Point (X-router) Stockholm Exchange (DGIX)
London Internet Exchange (LINX) Finnish CIX (fiCIX)
Danish CIX (DIX) Deutsch CIX (deCIX)
Nordic exchange (dGIX)
Irish Data Internet Neutral Exchange CERN exchange (CIXP)
Swiss exchange (SIX) Slovak Interexchange
Czech Republic Internet Exchange Vienna Internet Exhcnage (VIX) Milan Inernet Exchange (MIXTRA) Roman NAP
Spanish Neutral Interconnect Exchange Moscow (M9-IX)
StPetersburg (SPB-IX)
PAC Rim
New Zealand Internet Exchange (NSIX) Hong Kong Internet Exchange (HKIX) Japanese Internet Exchange (NSPIXP) Imnet
Neutral new Zealand (NZIX) Metro Manila (MM-MAP) Western OX Internet Exchange Sydney Internet Exchange Perth Internet Exchange Brisbane Internet Exchange Africa/MidEast
Israeli IIX
Uniforums SA Internet Exchange ISPA SA Internet Exchange Telkom SA Internet Exchange Latin America
InteRED Panama LNCC PIR Embratel PIR GT-ER PIR
New Brazilian PIR
MAE-East Packet Exchange
See www.nlanr.net/ www.mfsdatanet.com giga1/29 192.41.177.243+198.32.186.243 gip-mae-e-fddi1-0.gip.net Giga1/29 192.41.177.95 mae-east.ziplink.net Giga1/31 192.41.177.115+198.32.186.115 mae-east.digex.net Giga1/32 192.41.177.114+198.32.186.114 mae-east.wdc.compuserve.net giga1/35 192.41.177.16 mae-east1.ans.net giga1/36 192.41.177.127 mae-east3.cw.net giga2/12 192.41.177.122 mae-east.telia.net Giga2/14 192.41.177.147+198 .32.186.147 f6.peer1.wdc1.genuity.net Giga2/15 192.41.177.3+198.32.186.3 mae-east.att.net Giga2/16 192.41.177.13+198.32.186.13 core1.mae-east.teleglobe.netPacket Exchange Peering Agreements
Internet
International ISP Networks
Regional ISP Networks
Local ISP Networks Network Access Point
ISP 1 ISP 2 ISP3
No peering defined between 1 and 3
Transit agreement between 2 and 3
All traffic between 1 and 3 goes
through NAP
Settlements process still in development
Hot and Cold Potato Routing
Cold Potato Routing (Best Exit Routing) First network carries packet as far as possible
Hot Potato Routing (First Exit Routing)
Packets are sent to destination network as soon as possible
Connected to IGN
www.lauraknapp.com Alternate interconnection
site for IGN and Mindspring IGN connection is 622 Mbps
Mindspring connection is 150 Mbps Peering site for IGN and Mindspring through
How can ISP’s Control Traffic Flow
Border system: Separately administered Limited information exchanged Uses exterior routing protocols
like BGP4
Autonomous system:
Single administration control Extensive information eschange Uses interior routing protocols
BGP routers send out periodic updates on networks it can reach both owned and through peering and transit agreements
ISP can control BGP advertisements and path selection
CIDR (classless Interdomain Routing) reduces number of routes that an ISP advertises by grouping IP addresses into groups
Uunet
Mindspring IGN
Internet Service Providers
Come in all sizes
Prices vary widely
Many won't succeed
Mergers and acquisitions
Access provider list
http://www.tagsys.com http://www.isinc.com http://www.thelist.internet.com http://www.herbison.com http://www.ispfinder.com http://www.thedirectory.org http://www.cybertoday.com http://www.celestin.com
NAP NAP NAP
GOODNET AOL AT&T Earthlink MSN
UUNET DIGEX
PSINet MFS IGN MCI Level3
Concentric ANS C&W Frontier Sprint
Some Things to Understand About an ISP
Longevity Focus
Infrastructure
Speed (150 Mbps, 622 Mbps, Gigabit) Technologies (ATM, Frame, Sonet)
How many nodes
How many dial POPs
How many NAP connections Who do they peer with
With whom do they have transit agreements Backup, high availability
Services
Web hosting DNS
Blocking
SPAM prevention
24x7 help desk and network operations Web Servers/personal domain name Security services
Daily list of network outages Guaranteed service level
Driving high speed to homes/businesses
ISPs and Top Web Servers
Percentage of Web Sites
Uunet
C&W
Exodus
GTE
AT&T
Sprint
Frontier
Qwest
Other
ISP Latency and Packet Loss
America Online
AT&T
Cable and Wireless
Concentric Network
Digex
Exocus
Frontier Globalcenter
Uunet
Latency Packet Loss
Latency less than 25 ms
Packet loss less than 3% Latency 125 ms to 250 msPacket loss 3% to 6%
Latency greater than 250 ms Packet loss greater than 6%
ISP : Caching and Load Balancing Capability
Distributing public WEB servers is very popular
‘Distributor’ products receive request to access WEB server and
direct request to closest or least busy server: local and remote distribution Mirroring techniques can keep server information synchronized
Investigate option of keeping WEB servers on ISP
www.mycom.com www.mycom.com www.mycom.com www.mycom.com Director Http://www.mycom.com
High Level Overview of ISP
Strengths Weaknesses
Telephone Companies
On-line Service Providers
National ISPs
Local and Regional ISPs
Cable Companies
Money, name recognition infrastructure, experts in network services, have
sophisticated billing, business units in place
Many POPs, understand content and consumer dara services, consumer support structure, use whats available
Name recognition, focus, experience in large-scale networking, fairly well funded, increasing POPs
Close proximity to customers, local content, adapt to local
conditions, lean with low overhead Many POPs in place, home access, healthy budgets, billing and support infrastructures
Inexperience with data networks, internet knowledge, internal decision on internet importance
Perception as not being ‘real’ internet providers, not focused on business access
Limited budgets,
acquisitions and mergers
Acquisitions and mergers, heavy competition, little capital for growth, small staff
Infrastructure challenge, IP and data networking inexperience, reputations as unresponsive
Flash Net, NANDOnet, NetCom, Mindspring, MSN, AOL,
Compuserve, Sky Net, …
MFS, Sprint, PacBell Ameritech, Uunet, PSInet IGN, GoodNet, ATMnet
ISP Financials
Backbone ISPs $$$$
Consumer ISPs $$$$$$$$$$$ Users $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Expect change - many ISPs eliminating flat rate fees ISP’s pay for IP addresses as of 1/1/98
0 - 8,192 =$ 2,500/yr 8,192 - 65,535 =$ 5,000/yr 65,536 - 262,143 =$10,000/yr over 262,144 =$20,000/yr
Backbone ISPs requiring payment for peering Sprint - Lateral Exchange Networking
$6,000 one time setup fee $2,000 monthly maintentance $8,600 to $25,800 monthly fees UUnet
Must connect with 45 Mbps line Peer in at least 4 locations
Have a 24x7 help desk
ISP Functional Offerings
Access to
public Internet Intranet
Extranet
Private Virtual Networks Server Functions
World Wide Web (WWW)
Domain Name Services (DNS) News groups
Mail Services
eCommerce servers
Streaming video servers Voice servers
Desktop Videoconferencing servers Web hosting
Security
Network management
Certificate of authority management
Advanced functions
Transaction processing Database access
Groupware access Terminal emulation
Roaming internet service VPN services
ISP Operations
Access links
Capacity (aggregate) Exchange point access
How many? How fast?
Redundancy? Utilization statistics
Guaranteed service levels Support and Services
Education and training Consulting
Implementation
Network management User services
Design and needs assessment
Pricing
Direct access lines Port costs
Dial access lines Traffic costs
Premium services Applications charges User registration
User administration
Service Level Aggreement Availability
Dropped connection Latency
Throughput Time to logon
ISP Interoperability
Domain Name Servers
Registering your network name
Obtaining IP addresses
Inter-operating with your IP addresses
Router compatibility Network management Internet Router DNS Server WWW Server Corporate Network Secure Firewall Clients
Servers (WWW and others)
Corporate Network Not-secure Public WWW Server Client/Browser Client/Browser Your ISP
Physical Connection to an ISP
User Analog modem ISDN Cable Modems ADSL V90 Organization Analog modem ISDN LAN connection Dedicated lines Satellite Emerging technologies Cable Modems ADSL V90Internet Problems
General slowdown
Power lost to half of MAE-West
Fiber cuts in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Baltimore Faulty DNS top-level-domains sent out
Syn floods hit several ISPs
Mail server outages by several ISPs Router table errors
Spamming
Internet traffic causing voice network gridlock Rat causes power outage at Mae-West
ISP Response
IOPS.ORG formed
Implement ways to resolve operational and reliability problems
Have central point of contact for Internet problems
Work with existing industry groups on resolving issues
Work closer with product vendors to produce ‘internet’ ready products
Charter members:
ANS Communications, AT&T, BBN Corporation, Earthlink Network Inc., GTE, MCI, Netcom,
Internet
ISP
ISP and Intranetworking
Manufacturing Engineering Human Resources Marketing WWW server WWW server Mail server WWW server
