Scorebord van België. Prof. Dr. Ir. Joeri Van Mierlo Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo - VUB

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8-11-2010

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Scorebord van België

Prof. Dr. Ir. Joeri Van Mierlo

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Pag.

Electric Vehicles beat the speed

limits

100 km/h

1899

Jenatzy - ”Jamais Contente”

2010

Venturi

495 km/h

Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo - VUB

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Pag.

BELGIUM WITHIN EUROPE

8-11-2010 3

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Pag.

Overview in Europe

(some examples)

United Kingdom

450 milj £

100.000 EVs asap

25.000 charging stations in 2015

The Netherlands

65 milj euro

10k EVs in 2015, 200k EVs in 2040

200 charging points by 2010

France

1500 milj euro

2 milj EVs by 2020

4 milj charging points by 2020

Sweden

2030 Electric vehicle city

2050 Fossil free city

2010: 100 charging stations

(65% households

have engine heathers)

Germany

500 milj euro

1 milj. in 2020, 5 milj in 2030

Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo - VUB Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010

Italy

10% EVs by 2020

Spain

590 milj euro

20k EVs in 2011, 50k in 2012, 250k in

2014

Portugal

180k EVs in 2020

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European Cities

(Some examples)

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London

60m £, 100.000 EVs asap

25.000 charging stations in 2015

Paris

50m €

4.000 EVs in car rental system

8.000 parkings with charging station

Madrid, Sevilla, Barcelona

2010: 2.000 EVs

280 charging stations in Madrid

191 charging stations in Bacelona

Stockholm

2030 Electric vehicle city

2010: 100 charging stations

Berlin

500 charging stations in2010

Rome

2010: 100 electric busses, 100

e-car, 220 e-bike sharing system

Amsterdam

10k EVs by 2015, 0.2 milj by 2040

Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010

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Pag.

In the pipeline

– Proeftuin (Minister Lieten)

– Actieplan EV (EWI)

– Masterplan EV (LNE)

– Platform EV (FOD Economie)

– Federale financiële incentives

– Watt roadshow (BBL en ASBE)

– Road map EV (BBL)

– Flanders Drive R&D projects

– VUB R&D projects

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Pag.

Demo and collaboration in

Europe

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United Kingdom

EDF-Toyota, Milton Keynes, Plugged-in

Places

The Netherlands

Essent (Project ZER-X)

France

Renault-Nissan-EDF (400 mio euro),

Toyota-EDF, Renault Trucks – Toyota-EDF, Autolib

autosharing (4,000 EVs, 50 mio euro)

Sweden

MOBILEL, Joint venture

Volvo, Saab, ETC,

Vattenfall

Germany

E-mobility Berlin, Vattenfall – Volvo,

Vattenfall - BMW

Italy

Renault-Nissan,

Enel-Daimler (in Milan, Pisa & Rome)

Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010

Spain

Madrid airport

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Pag.

EV financiële incentives

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Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo; MOBI-VUB, 2010

United Kingdom

Max £ 5,000 for EV, no

registration and ownership tax

The Netherlands

Max € 6,400 benefit on registration

tax for EV

Spain

€ 2,000 to € 6,000 for EV

Italy

Max € 3,500 for EV

Portugal

No registration tax

Ireland

Max € 2,000 benefit on registration tax

France

Max € 5,000 for EV

Belgium

30 % tax reduction on purchase price

of EV (max € 9,000)

Source: MOBI

Vrije Universiteit Brussel 2010

Sweden

Max € 1,600 for EV, no circulation tax

Greece

No registration and circulation tax

Austria

€ 500 for EV

No fuel consumption tax

& no road tax

Czech Republic

No road tax for EV

Denmark

No registration tax for EVs

(normallly between 105% and 180%)

Cyprus

€ 700 for EV

Romania

No registration tax

Germany

No circulation tax

Norway

No sales & no road tax

(normally 10-40%!)

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Pag.

8-11-2010 9

Taxation for EVs in Belgium

Ref: http://www.minfin.fgov.be/portail2/nl/themes/transport/vehicles-purchase.htm#D1

http://www.mobimix.be/inhoud/2010/10/12/1970

Registration tax EV

€ 61,50

Ownership tax EV

€ 71,28

Lowest rates possible in Belgium

Reduction

Maximum

Quadricycle

15%

€ 4.540

EV

30%

€ 9.000

Charging point

40%

€ 250

2010 rates

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Life Cycle Cost of EVs

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Vehicle Cost structure

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Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo - VUB 8-11-2010

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Pag.

Life Cycle Cost of EVs

ICE cars

EVs

EVs still higher LCC

BUT

•

Economies of scale

•

New contracts cfr leasing

•

…

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8-11-2010 13

Environmentally friendly vehicles research

(@ MOBI)

Policy

evaluation

Tax reform

analyses

Life cycle

cost

calculations

Vehicle choice

modelling

Travel

behaviour

assessment

Information

processing

experiments

Price sensitivity

measures

Purchase behaviour

assessment

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BELGIUM MARKET

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Today

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Tazzari Zero

Newteon

Goupil

Smile

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Tomorrow

Nissan Leaf

Mitsubishi MiEV

Opel Ampera

Smart ED

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Pag.

Tomorrow

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e-Mini

Vovlo C30

Renault Fluence

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8-11-2010 18

Which EVs will you buy?

Ref:

Small car

Sports car

Medium

sized car

Citroën C-zero

Audi E-tron

Fisker Karma

Mercedes SLS AMG

Mitsubishi iMiEV

Pininfarina B zero

Renault Fluence

Ford Focus electric

BMW ActiveE

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Already

available

Think City

Reva/G-Wizz

Tazzari Zero

Renault Kangoo ZE

S1 2011

Renault

Fluence

Daimler A EV

Peugeot iOn /

Citroën C-zero

Mitsu iMiev

Heuliez

Friendly

Renault Twizzy

Nissan Leaf

Pininfarina

B Zero

BMW Active E

BMW Mini E

Opel Ampera /

Chevy Volt

Renault Zoe ZE

Toyota Prius PHEV

Volvo PHEV

The EVs are coming…

Ford Transit Connect

summer 2011

8-11-2010

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Electric vehicles in Belgium

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Hybrid Vehicles in Belgium

–Around 6000 hybrid vehicles

–Important sales increase since

2007, due to climate change

awareness and financial

incentives, e.g.

–2004: 400 Prius II

–2009: 1400 Prius III

–Hybrid Auris: 1.200 in 3 months

8-11-2010 21

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Evolution of Passenger transport energy

sources and propulsion technology, towards

2050

Source: ERTRAC Strategic Research Agenda 2010: Towards a 50% more efficient road transport system by 2030

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8-11-2010 23

Policy measures for EVs

Ref: Development of policy recommendations to

harvest the potential of electric vehicles

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INFRASTRUCTURE

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1979 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel

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Share of parkings in houses

(Belgium, 2009)

Bron: Joeri Van Mierlo – VUB op basis van FOD Economie

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Huizen in gesloten bebouwing

Huizen in halfopen bebouwing

Huizen in open bebouwing, hoeven en kastelen

Buildings en flatgebouwen met appartementen

Totaal

% garages/woongelegenheid

% garages/gebouw

3.4 milj garages, parkings of overdekte staanplaatsen bij woningen

5.2 milj personenwagens en lichte bedrijfswagens

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Pag.

Range anxiety

– 95 tot 99% ritten <100km

– 30% wagenpark nooit >100km

– Laadinfrastructuur

– Plug-in hybride (EV+range extender)

– Dynamisch inductief laden

– Betere batterijen: Specifieke energie (Wh/kg):

27 J. Van Mierlo - VUB

Lead

Nickel

Lithium

2020

2030

30 – 35

50 – 80

80 – 200

400 - 600

1000 - 2000?

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Pag.

Charging infrastructure

Normal charging

95%

(overnight, cheap,

available everywhere, efficient)

Inductive charging

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8-11-2010 29

Charging points in Belgium

Ref: http://www.elektrischrijden.be/2010/08/ev-sector-vraagt-om-openbare-oplaadpunten/

Normal charge

In Belgium: installment of charging

points done by companies, parking

holders and private initiatives

Examples: Leaseplan, McDonalds,

Belgacom, Eandis, Interparking, Q8,

Brico, …

Est: >100 charging points in Belgium

Mostly on semi-private domain

Quick charge

PLUG TO DRIVE (Total Belgium)

12 quick chargers installed

around Brussels

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Pag.

Infrastructure

Some examples:

–

ThePluginCompany

–

Becharged

–

Enovates

–

Ineltra Systems

–

Krautli

–

…

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Electricityproduction en distribution

–

☺

10% EVs = > +1.375%

extra electricity production

–

But potential extra

demand for electricity after

working hours

⇒

☺

“Smart battery charging”

during off peak hours

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– Battery as storage solution?

⇒

opportunity to give

electricity back to the grid?

⇒

Impact on life expectancy

of battery

⇒

☺

2

nd

hand market for EV

batteries (still 80% original

capacity)

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BELGIAN ELECTRICITY

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Well-to-Wheel

Fuel production

ICE vehicle

Electricity production

Electric Vehicle

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Well-to-Wheel energy consumption

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LCA results small family car:

GHE (IPCC g CO2 eq/km)

Ref: Van Mierlo J., Macharis C., Boureima F., Messagie M., Turcksin L.; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Clever project; 2010

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Pag.

Influence of Power Plant

Boxplot: Range of GHE results for BEV

(ton CO2-eq)

Ref: Van Mierlo J., Macharis C., Boureima F., Messagie M., Turcksin L.; Vrije Universiteit Brussel;

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Pag.

More info?

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Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo

Contact

– Joeri.van.mierlo@vub.ac.be

– +32 2 629 28 03

– http://mobi.vub.ac.be

– www.asbe.be