Draft
Advanced Voltage Control
Technology Roadmap
Robert Entriken, Senior Project Manager
John Wharton, Executive Director
Agenda
• Future Statements • Current Status… • Functional Gaps • Next Steps
Future Statement Question
• In the future, AVC will be implemented.
What does this world look like?
• Example:
My system automatically reacts and corrects
for voltage anomalies
Future Statements
• In the future, AVC will be implemented.
What does this world look like?
• The AVC system will be automatic and can support requirements for on-line control under all Real Time conditions
– All real-time scenarios (seasonal, peak/off-peak) – Control loop will be in seconds
• Understand the baseline for documenting benefits
• The AVC system will support transmission and distribution needs
Future Statements
• In the future, AVC will be implemented.
What does this world look like?
• Transmission owners will be fully supportive and engaged to make the system and its operation as a robust and
efficient process
• The AVC system will increase transfer capability to utilize transmission capacity to its fullest extent
• The AVC system helps enable a reactive power market of some kind that is competitive on a local basis
• There is an interactive process for TOs and SOs to reconcile their own AVC objectives.
Future Statements
• In the future, AVC will be implemented.
What does this world look like?
• The AVC system supports efficiency in the electricity market.
• The AVC system can handle a wide variety of goals and objectives. This can be adapted over time.
• The AVC system supports VAR and control for Distributed Energy Resources.
• The AVC system enables the efficient and maximal capacity utilization of all system resources.
Future Statements
• In the future, AVC will be implemented.
What does this world look like?
• The tertiary AVC level will be fully integrated into the
market clearing mechanism and/or energy scheduling (DA & RT set points).
• The economic incentives resulting from the AVC system objective and operation will be aligned with social welfare. • There will be a common control framework allowing
plug-and-play capability regardless of the hierarchical level of control.
Future Statements
• In the future, AVC will be implemented.
What does this world look like?
• There will be coordination between voltage and protection control that aligns for safety and reliability.
• The coordinated protection and AVC systems will
enhance local system stability under key contingencies. • The AVC system enhances and support power quality,
system security, and efficient economics.
• The AVC system will be self-contained and modular
Future Statements
• In the future, AVC will be implemented.
What does this world look like?
• The AVC system will support system restoration. • The AVC system will enhance and support voltage
stability to better avoid blackouts with this root cause. It will enable system operators to better control the system for voltage stability.
• The AVC system will enable more efficient scheduling and settlement business processes.
• The AVC system will have measurements and reporting in Real Time will present a transparent view of the reactive power in the system.
Future Statements
• In the future, AVC will be implemented.
What does this world look like?
• The tertiary AVC system will utilize as much system detail and accurate information as possible.
• The AVC system will enable corrective action to become routine.
• The AVC system will ensure the coordination of distributed resources at each hierarchical level.
• The centralized coordination of the AVC system will yield benefits over and above decentralized voltage control.
Current Status…
Imagine where your system is today,
relative to the Future Statement vision.
Functional Gap Question
• What Functional Capability enables progress toward the Future State vision?
• Example:
Seamless integration of AVC
Functional Gaps
• What Functional Capability enables progress toward the Future State vision?
• Robust computation of optimal control based on an ac model
• Accurate modeling of the real and reactive power of the ac model
• Direct measurement of power flow with less than 0.5% error
• Accurate measurement and reporting of system congestion.
• Process sequences of system states to estimate system parameters.
Functional Gaps
• What Functional Capability enables progress toward the Future State vision?
• Installation and operation of an extensive network of meters for reactive power.
• Create a methodology for verification of an AVC system before it is implemented in practice.
• Create a methodology for benchmarking AVC system performance.
• Create a methodology for cost/benefit analysis of AVC in order to understand the limits of regional and hierarchical
Functional Gaps
• What Functional Capability enables progress toward the Future State vision?
• Methods for interactively exchanging relevant AVC information between hierarchical layers and regions. • Implement situation awareness for System Operators
sufficient to support AVC decision making.
• Define the interface between the AVC and protection systems.
• Coordinate protection control schemes with dynamic AVC sub-regions. (Possible centralized protection control.)
Functional Gaps
• What Functional Capability enables progress toward the Future State vision?
• Acceptance of GOs and TOs of the AVC system. • Protocol for issuing AVC setpoint instructions.
• An independent, extremely reliable, secure, and accurate communications.
• Ability to dynamically adapt sub-region boundaries and control points to existing system conditions.
• A methodology for “fairly” allocating voltage control
Functional Gaps
• What Functional Capability enables progress toward the Future State vision?
• A common communication framework to enable proper communication and plug-and-play modular design.
– Standard data interfaces for measurements and instructions
• Automatic execution of control signals for voltage control. • A method for coordinating transmission and distribution
voltage control.
Functional Gaps
• What Functional Capability enables progress toward the Future State vision?
• Identify the right objectives to use under different system conditions, system designs, and at each level of the
hierarchy.
• A method for designing AVC systems that utilizes Distributed Energy Resources for voltage control.
Next Step Question
• Which Functional Gap(s) should we address first? • Example:
Conduct a feasibility study for expanding AVC capability from single area to multi-area
Next Steps
• Which Functional Gap(s) should we address first?
1. Robust OPF computation with AC model
2. Engaging operators and demonstrating benefits of AVC
3. Develop a tool for planners to incorporate AVC in their design 4. Engaging operations planners to use AC OPF for developing
(seasonal) voltage schedules
5. Sufficient metering of reactive power to implement AVC
6. Robust (validated) method for defining subareas for voltage control 7. Predict and validate performance of AVC
8. Work with vendors to incorporate AVC capabilities into their products
Technologies 1
• Real Time Conditions
– Observability and Forecasting
– Reactive Power Demand/Flow, Losses, Voltage • Optimal Power Flow
– Full AC, Decoupled, Real Only, Reactive Only – Discrete control decisions
• Adaptive Zone Division
– Electrical distance from bus sensitivities is fed to a clustering algorithm
Technologies 2
• Coordination of Multiple FACTS – TBD
• Determining Sub-Areas
– Identify generator contingencies that contribute to instability
– The relations between these contingencies is nested and hierarchical
• Robustness
– Measurement errors
• Coordination of Area Protection Schemes – TBD
Technologies 3
• Distribution Voltage Control – TBD
• Transmission Voltage Control – TBD
• Transmission and Distribution Coordination
– Transmission uses generators, transformers, capacitors, and reactors
– Distribution does not use generators
Technologies 4
• Interface Specifications – TBD
• TBD – TBD
