BENGKEL PENJANAAN & ANALISIS
STATISTIK PENGGUNAAN PDK
19 APRIL 2011 : UKM
ABSTRACT
The digital era has brought about enormous changes to
the journal publishing process. Publishers are now
offering journals as digital copies packaged as a database.
This move has also affected the journal subscription
process and publishers are now offering journals as
database packages. Publishers now have to look at various
journal subscription models in order to offer the so-called
“best price” to their clients. Various factors are taken into
account when deciding on the pricing of individual
journals or packaged journals. One important factor in this
instance is the full-time equivalent or FTE. Pricing now
takes into account the FTE of potential subscribers.
This paper attempts to explore the various definitions of
INTRODUCTION
Emergence of electronic journals – changes the
journal subscription practice in libraries –
academic libraries
Researchers prefer online databases for their
activities
Academic libraries migrate from print to
electronic journals – decline in demand for print
Electronic journals are now bundled as online
databases
RE: FTE-based pricing
To: [email protected], <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: FTE-based pricing
From: "Tracy L. Thompson" <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 13 Oct 2006 16:41:00 EDT
Reply-to: [email protected]
Sender: [email protected]
I would really like to find a forum for a back-to-basics discussion about pricing models for e-resources and the justifications for or arguments against them. I entered the discussion in the mid-90s after the basic terms had already been established. I don't know what the original arguments were. How did we even get to usage-based pricing? What industry built that model and how did we buy into it for information? Does it still hold up? What about the inherent value of the content independent of usage? And what about pricing models based upon "maintaining print spend?" How does that make sense for the consumer? And what should we be advocating as the 'best' model for all involved, not just library/consumers and not just vendor/publishers. I feel like it's time to revisit all of these models and at least reassure ourselves that they still hold water. If anyone else would be interested in a dialogue, or has some background or insight they'd like to share, please respond to me directly and I'll see if there is enough interest to plan a webinar or something.
At 02:46 PM 10/12/2006, Stefanie Wittenbach wrote:
I personally believe that FTE-based pricing is quite harmful to the library community for the following reasons: Use is not necessarily tied to the institution's FTE. Growing campuses are penalized because the price continues to increase, but the users of the resource may not be growing in the same way. If anything, I think database pricing
should be a flat rate or flat rate plus some factor for high use.
Stefanie Stefanie Wittenbach Assistant Dean, Collections John Peace Library The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio, TX
78249-0671
[mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Porzio, Steve Sent: Tuesday, October 10, 2006 6:31 PM
To: [email protected] Subject: FTE-based pricing
The American Statistical Association (ASA) is considering a change from its current flat-rate charge for web access to its journals to a tiered, FTE-based pricing structure. I am seeking librarians familiar with various journal pricing structures who would be willing to answer a few questions and give me their general thoughts on this potential change. We strongly wish to avoid harming relations with our library patrons and
would much prefer to collaborate with those who purchase our journals. If you are willing to provide input, please contact me at [email protected].
The ASA is, among many other things, a non-profit publisher of statistical journals. More info may be found at www.amstat.org/publications.
*************************** Stephen Porzio
Associate Executive Director and Director of Operations
PRICING MODELS
Subscription is to an individual or to an
institution
Databases in academic libraries are heavily
used
Therefore, there is a tolerance for differential
pricing based on institution size and intensity
of use
PRICING MODELS
Print-only or online-only = either format available independently
either at the same price or at different prices
Print-and-online = both format bundled for one price
Print-plus-online = online available for a surcharge on top of the
print-only price
Online-plus-print = print available for a surcharge on top of the
print-only price
Pay-per-hit
Pay-per-view (PpV)
Pay-per-download
Pay-per-print
Deeply discounted pricing
FTE based pricing – most costly
Transaction-based pricing - cheaper but difficult to anticipate usage
& library has to constantly monitor & even restrict usage
PRICING MODELS
Most used is the banded or tier-based pricing
Dependent on
Type of institution
Number of full-time equivalent students (FTE)
at an institution
Number of sites included in the license
Number of concurrent users able to access the
service
FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT
FTE
Measures the size of an organisation & is not
an indicator of actual usage
For a university = number of full-time students
(or equivalent) plus total number of faculty and
teaching staff across all subject areas and all
types of students across the sites that will have
online access
Most popularly used now but is expensive for
older universities with large numbers
Vendors have discounted – 10-20% on FTE &
FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT
Good for highly used titles
Bad for specialised titles
Anticipated and not actual use
Low usage – disadvantage
EXAMPLE OF TIERING BY FTE
Tier 1 = 1 – 5,000 FTE
Tier 2 = 5,001 - 10,000 FTE
Tier 3 = 10,001 - 20,000 FTE
RECOMMENDATIONS
Tiered subscription model = FTE based pricing for
general interest high use titles BUT
FTE should be based on usage and not absolute FTE
FTE for current year based on usage in previous year
Concurrent user pricing model = specialised
databases with limited use
Single site licensing = one city = a university
having different campuses in one city
Multiple site licensing = a university having
different campuses in different cities
From single site & restrict IP address to that site
RECOMMENDATIONS
Usage-based pricing model that allows a library to
convert from PpV to subscription model once it
reaches a specified usage threshold
Subscription to core titles only in the database, others
PpV
Price locked for a stipulated time
Price increase must be reflected in quality of services
rendered, change in interface of website, improved
access to database
Consortium pricing – negotiate aggressively
Look for open access journals on the Web & provide
CONCLUSION
No universally acceptable pricing and
licensing model.
Suppliers need to talk about this to libraries
Suppliers need to be aware of financial status
of libraries & need to develop a more
“friendly” pricing model.
MOLEC – need to look at this and develop a
REFERENCES
Bist, R.S. (2005). Managing and Handling Electronic Journals : Some
Issues. Retrieved from:
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/dxml/handle/1944/1410
Crow, R. (2010). Subscription Options and Pricing. Retrieved from the
Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m34287/1.1/
Goudar, I.R.N. & Narayana, P. (2004). Emerging pricing models for
Ejournals Consortia and Indian Initaitives. Retrieved from: .http://nal-ir.nal.res.in/3984/1/ICDL-Consort-pricing.pdf
Mikkonen, F. (2006) Analyzing E=book Pricing Options and Models
Based on FinE Lib E-book Strategy. Retrieved from:
http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/papers/154-Mikkonen-en.pdf
Sreekumar, M.J. & Sunitha, T. (2005). Library Capacity Building
Through E-journal Consortia : the Indian Senario. Retrieved from:
dspace.iimk.ac.in/bitstream/2259/249/1/09-mgs-sunitha-paper+new.pdf ·
Thompson, T. L. (2006). RE: FTE-based Pricing. Retrieved from: http://
