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Towards Enhanced Performance Thin-film Composite Membranes via Surface Plasma Modification

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Figure

Figure 1. (solution at 25 °C. The data from flux and salt rejection are represented as means of four replicates and error bars Flux and salt rejection for control and plasma-modified membranes
Figure 2. Morphology analysis: (A) Average roughness (Ra) calculated from AFM surface roughness maps and (B) height distribution histogram of the inset were calculated from 5 × 5 μ m AFM maps, indicated by values of Z and ρ  represents the density or histo
Figure 3. Analysis of plasma functionalization mechanisms with XPS C1s high resolution of atomic ratio  (A) peak 285.9 eV reduction: C-O; C-N/C-C from peaks 285.9/284.4 eV and (B) peak 287.6 eV increase: C=O/C-C from peaks 287.6/284.4 eV.
Figure 4. Degree of etching by FTIR analysis of the band 1045 cm−1 with increasing excitation power:  (A) analysis between control membranes: washed membrane with DI water (for 1 h) and a membrane with preservative materials, (B) modified membranes at 10 W
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