Science 14
Unit 1 Chemistry
Ch 1: Understanding Matter Name: ____________________
Define Matter: _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Page 5 “When Substances React”
Demo and Partner Lab
Read the Intro to Chemistry, p 1-3
Watch teacher demo of Starting Point activity on p5. Pay close attention to lab skills!
What are the purposes of this activity?
1. learn to work cooperatively ___
2. become familiar with lab station and equipment ___
3. practice lab safety, procedure, clean-up ___
4. observe evidence of chemical reaction ___
Assemble equipment:
1. goggles, gloves, apron ( If you remove goggles from your eyeballs while at the station or wear them on forehead or chin, you get zero. Safety is key.) (Wash your goggles)
2. plastic baggie, small test tube, small graduated cylinder, scoopula, electronic balance, small containers in which to mass out chemicals, 5g calcium chloride, 2g sodium bicarbonate, 10 mL phenol red solution
Procedure:
1. Mass out 5g calcium chloride on the electronic balance using the small beaker and scoopula.
Pour the chemical into the baggie.
2. Mass out 2 g sodium carbonate on the electronic balance using the small beaker and scoopula.
Pour the chemical into the baggie.
3. Use the graduated cylinder to measure out 10 mL phenol red solution and pour it into the test tube.
4. Place the tube into the baggie but don’t let the contents spill out yet! Carefully press the air out.
Seal the baggie carefully.
5. Holding the baggie over the sink and keeping it sealed, maneuver the test tube and pour the liquid out so it mixes with the two chemicals inside. Observe and record.
Describe what the 3 chemicals look like before the reaction
Record observations.
What’s going on in the baggie during the reaction?
Describe what the mixed chemicals look like after the reaction
Show the teacher your baggie of reacted chemicals for a mark: _____
Substances must be dumped in the waste bucket, then equipment washed and hung on rack to dry.
Accident at Jefferson High: Safety Video
Spills can cause accidents, and they should be cleaned up ________________________.
You should only smell a chemical by ________________________________________.
It is __ __ __ __ __ ok to drink from beakers or other lab containers.
Safety goggles should be worn at all times because ____________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
Long hair should be tied back so that _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
Lab aprons should be worn to protect _____________ and ____________________.
Acids should be diluted by pouring ______________ into _________________ . Acids are cleaned up with a ___________ or with plain __ __ __ __ __ .
When heating chemicals in a test tube, point the tube ________________________.
An alcohol fire should be put out with a __________ ________________________ . Wear _____________ _______ shoes when doing a lab to __________ your feet.
Avoid wearing ___________ _____________________, as it might get ____________
on something and cause spills, breakages, or fire.
Clothing should be __________ fitting so it doesn’t _____________________________.
Keep your work area ________________ and ____________________________.
It is important to ____________ all lab instructions ______________ doing the lab.
No ______________________________________ experiments are to be done!
Horseplay and fooling around are __ __ __ __________________ . You will have to sit out the lab and take a zero. You may not be permitted to do future lab work.
Illustrate one safety rule for OUR lab. Use simple bold colorful drawings and brief label/heading. Show how following the rule protected you from danger. (5mks)
CHAPTER 1 Need samples of household products & pH paper
for teacher demo, ref pages 6-7 BLM 1–2
SKILL BUILDER
HHPS Safety Symbol Inventory
__/12Purpose: Identify safety symbols and categorize materials according to how safe they are to use.
Stories: bleach +ammonia=danger, little kids and household chemicals safety systems
HHPS stands for: ___________________________________________________________
What to Do: List sample products with this warning
Label Draw Include shape and color of outline
Need old MSDS binder of sheets to find most dangerous
chemical in the lab, symbols and meanings matching game BLM 1–2
WHMIS Safety Symbol Inventory
ref p8-9 ___/18What does WHMIS stand for?
_______________________________________________________________________
Label meaning List examples of substances within this category Draw the label.
CHAPTER 1
Particle Theory and States of Matter
(frozen popcorn/oil puck demo) ref p10-11 Particle Theory of Matter (p10)
1. All matter is made up of __________________________________________.
(deep inside we’re all the same)
2. All particles in a __________ ______________ are the same.
3. There are ____________ between particles. (they need their space)
4. Particles are always ________________. As they gain energy, they move ________.
(they like to move it , move it)
5. Particles in a substance are ______________________ to each other. ( they want to be together)
Purpose: Matter can take on three different states. These states are solid, liquid, and gas. Well, OK, also plasma. Use this chart to review what happens to the particles in each of these 3 main states.
State of Matter Sketch of Particles(molecules)
Describe Name elements for Particle motion each state of matter
Solid water is called : _____ At
what temperature does water become solid?
____oC Water is Liquid
at room temperature.
What metal is liquid at room
temp?
__________
Water in Gas form is called __ __ __ __ __.
At what temp does water turn to
steam? ____oC
CHAPTER 1 Ref p 12 BLM 1–6
SKILL BUILDER
Chemical and Physical Properties
___ / 17Purpose: Practice identifying physical and chemical properties.
Physical Properties
Physical properties describe ___________________________________________________________.
List some physical properties. ____________ ______________ _________________________
Chemists tend to focus on the physical properties in the chart that follows.
Physical
Property Explanation Example
state of matter
These include solid, liquid, and gas. A substance’s state is usually defined at room temperature.
What state is water?
melting point
temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid
What is the melting point of water?
freezing point
temperature at which a liquid changes into a
solid What is the freezing point of
water?
boiling point
temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas
What is the boiling point of
water?
conductivity
refers to the ability to conduct or transfer electricity or heat
Iron is a good conductor.
Name a substance that is not.
mass
refers to the quantity of matter in a substance
What is the mass of a dollar bill?
density
refers to the amount of mass in a specific volume of a substance. Substances that have less density “float” on those with more density. (king’s crown)
Which is more dense:
gold or water?
How do gold panners use this property?___________________
lustre
refers to the ability to reflect light or shine Name 2 shiny substances.
_______, _____________
What is the makeup called to get rid of shine on your face? ______
CHAPTER 1 BLM 1–6
SKILL BUILDER
Chemical and Physical Properties
(continued) Physical
Property Explanation Example
texture
refers to how a substance feels to the touch.
Words such as smooth, rough, bumpy, and slick describe texture.
Describe the texture of a CD case.
hardness
refers to whether or not a substance can be marked easily
Pure gold can be marked with a fingernail. Is it harder than a paper clip?
flexibility refers to how much a substance can be bent without breaking
Name one flexible material you use every day.
malleability refers to how easily a substance can be reshaped
Wood is not malleable. Name a substance that is.
ductility refers to metal’s ability to be stretched into a
wire or tube Name two ductile substances.
Chemical Properties
Chemical properties describe _________________________________________________________.
List three categories of chemical properties: ______________, ______________, ________________
“Combustible” vs “flammable.” Not the same!!! Gasoline burns and also catches fire easily. It would be classified as both flammable and combustible.
The terms “flammable” and “combustible” are linked. If a substance is combustible, it is likely also flammable. For example, gasoline will undergo a combustion reaction to provide energy for a car’s engine. Obviously, the gasoline is not on fire within the car. However, if you place a match into a gasoline tank, the gasoline will ignite in a vigorous blaze.
Chemical
Property Explanation Example
reactivity
refers to whether and how quickly a substance will react to other substances Try vinegar/baking soda vs vinegar and limestone. Hannibal(*)
Vinegar wears away stone over many years but forms a frothy mass when mixed with baking soda. Which combination is more reactive?
Try it!
flammability refers to how easily a substance catches fire
What highly flammable substance fuel is in lighters? ___
combustibility
refers to whether or not a substance
will burn Circle the combustible material:
wood asbestos granite
Conduct an Investigation 1–B in which you design and carry out a thorough scientifically valid series of tests and analyze your results.
Purpose
Use this sheet to help you develop tests you can use to classify the ten substances you have chosen for Conduct an Investigation 1–B: Classifying Matter.
Properties You Might Test
Physical properties include colour, shape, size, state of matter, mass, hardness, lustre, conductivity, magnetism, density, malleability, and solubility. Some of these properties, such as colour, shape, size, and lustre, can be determined by observation. Here is how to test for some of the other properties.
• State of matter — State should be observed at room temperature. Is it a solid, liquid, or gas?
• Mass — Use a balance to determine the mass of the substance.
• Hardness — Evaluate relative hardness by testing how easily the substance can be scratched by another material.
• Conductivity — Use a conductivity tester to determine whether the substance conducts electricity.
Typically, conductivity testers do this by using the substance to complete an electrical circuit and perform a task such as lighting a light bulb. If the substance does not conduct electricity, the light bulb will not light up.
• Magnetism — Is the sample attracted to a magnet?
• Density — Evaluate relative density by testing how high the substance floats in water.
• Malleability — Develop a test to determine how easily the substance bends.
• Solubility — Will the substance dissolve in water?
You can observe the chemical property of a substance when one kind of matter is converted into a different kind of matter. For example, a chemical property of iron is that it reacts with oxygen to form a different kind of matter — rust. Rust and iron have completely different physical and chemical properties. Define chemical properties:
For this investigation, we will concentrate on physical properties.
Define physical properties:
3. Choose 10 substances to test.
Physical Property I Am Testing
Write a Procedure that explains how you will do each test. List equipment, measurements, and step by step instructions 1. magnetic
2. conductor of electricity
3. lustre
4. color
5. state at room temp
6. other: _________
5. Safety precautions ____________________ ____________________________________________
8. As you carry out each test, record your observations in the data table below.
Substance
Observations magnetic conducts
electricity lustre color state at
room temp other
Look at the results of tests you performed. What substances have three or more things in common? List the substances and what they have in common.
What substances have nothing in common with at least two other substances? List the substances and what other substances they have nothing in common with.
When using only limited testing, some substances are put together but are very different!
Can you think of several very different substances that would fit this description?
white, solid, non-magnetic, no smell, burns easily
________________ , __________________, ________________, __________
The more properties you test, the more precisely you can group them.
Why is such accurate grouping important? ______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Circle the PHYSICAL properties:
So what? How do a substance’s properties determine its uses? Marks ___/12 Think of some other situations requiring unique construction materials.
Titanium for implants (ear and hand)
New concrete for Calgary’s C-train station: The material's unique combination of superior properties and design flexibility facilitated the architect's ability to create the attractive, off-white, curved canopies. Overall, this material offers solutions with advantages such as speed of construction, improved aesthetics, superior durability, and impermeability against corrosion, abrasion and impact
—which translates to reduced maintenance and a longer life span for the structure.
Copper: describe 5 physical properties: _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
Two chemical properties of copper: ______________, __________________
Zinc: 1 chemical property: ______________________________________
1 physical property: ______________________________________
List 1 chemical property of paper: ____________________________________
Properly use the term chemical property in a speech bubble in a cartoon, showing the meaning.:
Classifying matter and Pure Substances vs Mixtures Ref p15-17 Use box of odds & ends to categorize on table top
All Matter
can be divided into two main categories:
Pure Substances Mixtures
Define: __________________________________________ Define: _______________________________
____________________________ _____________________
Examples: (name, draw, build) Examples: (name)
Some substances claim to be pure but are they? Look closely at the label of Pure White Vinegar. What do you notice? _______________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Can you think of some others with similar claims?_____________________________
CHAPTER 1 Group work lab 1–13BLM
SCIENCE INQUIRY
Conduct an Investigation 1–C, p18-19
Purpose record your observations for Conduct an Investigation 1–C: Melting and Boiling Points.
Materials: 1000mL beaker, 500 mL crushed ice, plastic stir stick, rock salt, hotplate and gauze, thermometer, clamp and stand, electronic balance,
Temperature (°C) of Mixture in Beaker
Beaker Ice only (°C) Ice and Salt: record when thermometer stops
dropping (°C)
Boiling Point (°C)
A: no salt XXXXXXXXXXXXX
B: 20 g salt C: 40 g salt D: 60 g salt
1. If water freezes at 0°C, explain why the solution of salt and ice did not stay frozen when its temperature dropped below 0°C.
__________________________________
3. Check Your Understanding (p15)
Particles in ice Particles in boiling water Same __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Different __________________ ____________________
__________________ ____________________
__________________ ____________________
Discuss: Freezeable Frogs, Baby Emily, car antifreeze, corncobs on icy roads, and Insect Ice- cream research at U of A , sample of Lake Manitou, Sask’s little ocean
Graph Marking checklist for the data collected in 1-C:
__ Title (should include the two variables involved, factual, nothing fancy) __ Label both axis with unit and descriptor
__ Use full space of graph __ Points plotted accurately __ Line of best fit drawn __ Neat
Title: ___________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER 1 BLM 1–14
VOCABULARY CHECK
Classification of Matter Crossword
Across
1.
Melting point, boiling point, and density are examples of a ____________ property.
3.
In nature, water is found in all three _________ ____
_____________ .5. meaning of the large R on a WHMIS symbol:
_______________
8.
physical property that affects whether a substance floats or sinks:
___________________
10.
substance that contains a single type of particle (2 words) _________ _________________________
12.
safety labeling system used on household products __ __ __ __
14.
anything that has mass and takes up space _________________
15.
At room temperature, water is in this state. ___________
16.
Particles move farthest apart in this state of matter. __________
17.
This class of matter contains two or more pure substances.
____________________
Down
1.
The _______ theory of matter explains the behavior of the tiniest bits of a substance.
2.
A substance that will burn skin is labeled _______________________ .
4.
An explanation supported by repeated scientific investigations is called a _______________ .
6.
Metals _____________ heat and electricity.
7.
WHMIS consists of training, labeling, symbols, and _______________________ .
9.
A substance that will catch fire is labeled _______________________ .
10.
A chemical ____________ describes how a substance reacts to other
substances.
Marks: ___/20
A product’s safety label shows that it is flammable and combustible. Describe two considerations when choosing a safe storage site for this substance.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Describe two physical properties of baking soda :
__________________________________________, _________________
Describe two chemical properties of baking soda:
__________________________________________, __________________.
Describe two physical properties of vinegar :
__________________________________________, _________________
Describe two chemical properties of vinegar:
__________________________________________, __________________.
Use the
periodic
table to find 2
elements
from the
periodic
table at the
back of your text that fit in each state of matter: (6mks)
Describe one way in which the symbols in HHPS are similar to the symbols in WHMIS.
________________________________________________________________________
State of Matter Name two elements
Solid Liquid Gas
Describe one way in which the symbols in HHPS are different than the ones in WHMIS.) ___________________________________________________________________________
