Flowers; Seeds enclosed in fruit

(1)

Reviewing Key Concepts

Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.

1. Describe the main characteristics of plants.

2. What are the four basic needs of plants?

3. The ancestors of the first land plants were similar to what organisms living today?

Reviewing Key Skills

Interpreting Graphics On the lines provided, label the plants that correspond to the numbers in the diagram below as cone-bearing plants, ferns, flowering plants, or mosses.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. Comparing and Contrasting How do the two alternating generations of the plant life cycle differ?

9. Inferring How did the first land plants make it possible for other organisms to join them on land?

10. Applying Concepts Why might the evolution of the seed have enabled cone-bearing and flowering plants to become successful in living on dry land?

Name Class Date

Chapter 22 Plant Diversity Section Review 22-1

Teaching Resources / Chapter 22 273

Water-Conducting (Vascular) tissue Green algae ancestor

Seeds

Flowers; Seeds enclosed in fruit

4.

5.

6.

7.

(2)

Multiple Choice On the lines provided, write the letter of the answer that best completes the sentence.

1. The life cycle of bryophytes can be described as

a. independent of water. c. independent of sunlight.

b. dependent on water. d. dependent on seeds.

2. Bryophytes are plants that lack

a. a haploid generation. c. vascular tissue.

b. cell walls. d. chlorophyll.

3. Bryophytes transport water by

a. osmosis. c. active transport.

b. vascular tissue. d. transpiration.

Completion On the lines provided, complete the following sentences.

4. Three groups of bryophytes are ,

, and .

5. The dominant, recognizable stage of the life cycle in bryophytes is the .

6. The stage carries out most of the plant’s photosynthesis.

7. Inferring Why can’t a moss grow to be as tall as plants that have vascular tissue?

8. Applying Concepts How does the structure of a rhizoid help it to absorb water and minerals?

9. Predicting Why aren’t bryophytes found in deserts?

10. Applying Concepts Describe two human uses of mosses.

Name Class Date

274 Teaching Resources / Chapter 22

(3)

Multiple Choice On the line provided, write the letter of the answer that best completes the sentence or answers the question.

1. The function of xylem tissue is to

a. carry water. c. carry out photosynthesis.

b. carry nutrients and carbohydrates. d. store minerals.

2. Plants rely on phloem tissue for the transport of

a. chlorophyll. c. nutrients and carbohydrates.

b. water. d. sperm and egg cells.

3. All of the following are seedless vascular plants except

a. club mosses. c. ferns.

b. liverworts. d. horsetails.

4. Coal consists of the fossilized remains of the ancestors of

a. club mosses. c. ferns.

b. horsetails. d. Equisetum.

5. Which plants have stems containing abrasive silica crystals and are the only living genus of the phylum Arthrophyta?

a. ferns c. club mosses

b. lycophytes d. horsetails

6. Which group of plants have underground stems called rhizomes and leaves called fronds?

a. scouring rushes c. ferns

b. arthrophytes d. club mosses

7. During the dominant stage of their life cycle, ferns are

a. haploid sporophytes. c. haploid gametophytes.

b. diploid sporophytes. d. diploid gametophytes.

8. In the fern life cycle, a small, heart-shaped haploid gametophyte develops immediately after the germination of a(an)

a. sorus. c. egg cell.

b. gamete. d. spore.

9. Inferring What can you infer about the needs of ferns from the fact that they thrive on the floors of thick forests?

10. Formulating Hypotheses How might too much direct sunlight affect the conditions that ferns require for fertilization?

Name Class Date

(4)

Identifying Processes On the lines provided, list three features that allow seed plants to reproduce without water.

1.

2.

3.

Short Answer On the lines below, answer the following questions.

4. Name the four groups of gymnosperms.

5. What is the common characteristic shared by all four groups of gymnosperms?

6. Comparing and Contrasting Identify a difference and a similarity between gymnosperms and angiosperms.

7. Applying Concepts Describe how pollen grains may be carried to the female reproductive structure in seed plants.

8. Applying Concepts What adaptations enable seeds to disperse to other habitats?

9. Applying Concepts Unlike mosses and ferns, seed plants are able to live on mountains and in deserts. Why did this ability allow seed plants to replace mosses and ferns as the dominant form of plant life?

10. Inferring Most conifers do not lose their needles every fall. How might this extend a conifer’s growing season?

Name Class Date

276 Teaching Resources / Chapter 22

(5)

Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions.

1. Describe the main characteristics of angiosperms.

2. What is the difference in the number of seed leaves between a monocot and a dicot?

3. Describe the life cycle of an annual.

4. Describe the growth that occurs during each year of a biennial’s life cycle.

5. Describe the life cycles of both herbaceous and woody stemmed perennials.

Classifying On the lines provided, classify the following characteristics as belonging to either a monocot or a dicot.

6. floral parts in multiples of three 7. taproots

8. branched veins in leaves

9. vascular bundles scattered through stems

10. Applying Concepts You move into a new home that has a garden.

As the years pass, you observe that each spring, a certain plant sprouts, flowers, and appears to die when winter comes. What three terms characterize the plant in terms of the characteristics of its stem, its life span, and its classification? Explain your answer.

Name Class Date

(6)

Chapter 23 Test A 287 Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________

Chapter 23 Roots, Stems, and Leaves Chapter Test A

Multiple Choice

Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.

____ 1. Ground tissue is found in plant a. stems only.

b. stems and leaves only.

c. roots and stems only.

d. roots, stems, and leaves.

____ 2. Which of the following should a student examine under a compound microscope to observe cell division?

a. epidermis of a leaf b. tip of a shoot

c. xylem from a tree trunk

d. phloem from the leaf of a plant

____ 3. If some of the xylem of a young oak tree was destroyed, it would most likely interfere with the tree’s ability to a. conduct sugars to the roots.

b. absorb sunlight.

c. absorb carbon dioxide from the air.

d. conduct water to the leaves.

____ 4. Which of the following are found mainly in monocots?

a. taproots

b. long, thick primary roots c. extensive root systems d. small secondary roots

____ 5. The vascular cylinder of a root consists of a. xylem only.

b. phloem only.

c. xylem and phloem.

d. xylem, phloem, and ground tissue.

____ 6. There is a one-way movement of water and minerals from the cortex into the vascular cylinder of a root because

a. water molecules are in high concentration in the cortex.

b. nutrients are in low concentration in the cortex.

c. the root pressure is low.

d. the Casparian strip is waterproof.

(7)

____ 7. Root pressure

a. causes a plant’s roots to absorb water.

b. forces the water in xylem downward.

c. is produced in the cortex of the root.

d. is produced in the vascular cylinder by active transport.

____ 8. The vascular tissue in a plant’s stem a. has buds.

b. is continuous from the roots.

c. carries nutrients up the stem but not down.

d. consists of nodes.

____ 9. Vascular bundles are

a. surrounded by pith in monocot stems.

b. found only in dicot roots.

c. scattered throughout dicot stems.

d. surrounded by parenchyma in both monocot and dicot stems.

____10. In dicot plants, secondary growth

a. changes primary xylem and phloem to secondary xylem and phloem.

b. makes the roots longer.

c. results from an increase in the primary xylem and phloem.

d. produces wood.

____11. Most of the photosynthetic activity in plants takes place in the a. mesophyll. c. guard cells.

b. stomata. d. xylem.

____12. The stomata of leaves are usually open in a. light if a plant has enough water.

b. light if a plant has too little water.

c. darkness if a plant has enough water.

d. darkness if a plant has too little water.

____13. Which of the following terms is LEAST related to the other terms?

a. oxygen c. carbon dioxide

b. stomata d. companion cells

____14. Water will move higher in a narrow glass tube than in a wide glass tube because of

a. adhesion only. c. pressure.

b. capillary action. d. cohesion only.

288 Chapter 23 Test A

Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________

(8)

____15. When a plant moves sugars from its leaves to its stems, the sink is the

a. leaves. c. stems.

b. roots. d. same as the source.

Completion

Complete each statement on the line provided.

16. When sugars move through phloem cells called ___________________ , they pass through small holes between the cells.

17. Root hairs take in water from the soil through the process of ___________________ .

18. In Figure 23-1, A is pointing to ___________________ tissue.

19. Stomata open into the ___________________ layer of a leaf.

20. Water rises to the top of a giant redwood tree by ___________________ . Short Answer

In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.

21. Contrast the flow of materials in xylem and phloem.

_________________________________________________________________________________

22. Contrast the growth of fibrous roots and taproots in soil.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 23-1

(9)

23. In Figure 23-2, what is structure A, and what tissues is it made up of?

___________________________________________

24. How is the tissue makeup of a stem similar to that of a root?

___________________________________________

25. According to the pressure-flow hypothesis, how does water from xylem cause sugars to flow through phloem?

___________________________________________

Using Science Skills

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.

26. Interpreting GraphicsAre the stomata in Figure 23-3 open or closed? Identify the letter of the stomata.

_________________________________________________________________________________

27. Drawing ConclusionsWhat is the importance of the spaces between the cells labeled C in Figure 23-3?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________

A

Figure 23-2

G

F E D

C B A

Figure 23-3

(10)

28. Interpreting GraphicsIn Figure 23-3, what is structure F? What two types of tissues make up this structure?

_________________________________________________________________________________

29. Using ModelsWhich labeled structures in Figure 23-3 form a waterproof barrier that protects tissues and limits water loss?

Identify the structures.

_________________________________________________________________________________

30. Interpreting GraphicsIn Figure 23-3, which cells do NOT contain chlorophyll?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Essay

Write the answer to each question in the space provided.

31. In what ways do the leaves of a plant depend on the plant’s roots and stem?

32. How do the functions of the three kinds of cells that form ground tissue differ?

(11)

33. Explain the role of active transport in the movement of water and dissolved nutrients from the soil to the root of a plant.

34. Describe three main functions of a plant leaf.

35. Explain why the stomata of a plant open after the plant has been watered.

Name______________________________ Class __________________ Date ______________