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START

www.pilkington.com/fire

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This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional registration. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material or construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services should be directed to the program instructor.

Pilkington Fire Protection Glass North America

946 Kane Street, Suite A

Toledo, OH 43612

Provider Number: J200

Course Number: PN3473

Learning Units: 1.00

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Copyright Notice

This presentation is protected by US and

International copyright laws. Reproduction,

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Learning Objectives

At the conclusion of the course, participants will be able to:

• Compare the performance of various fire-rated glasses • Describe the types and characteristics of fire-rated glasses

• Explain the features of fire-resistant glass with multi-layer intumescent interlayers • Define fire-rated glass testing methods

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Index

I. Introduction To Fire Safety

a. Specific terms and labels b. The effect of heat on glass

c. Benefits of using Fire-Rated glass d. Fire safety in buildings

II. Fire-Protection Glass

a. Varieties of Fire-Protection Glass b. Comparison of surface temperatures

III. Fire-Resistant Glass

a. Uses and features

b. Multi-Layer Intumescent Laminate Technology

IV. Testing Fire-Resistant Glass

a. Procedures

b. Timed heat and hose tests c. Fire Test considerations

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Module 1:

Introduction To Fire Safety

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Definitions from the IBC

•  Fire-Resistance: A fire-resistant material blocks the flow of radiant heat emitted from a fire

•  Fire-Protection: A fire-protected material has an increased chance of surviving and maintain integrity during a fire, not to block heat emitted from a fire as with fire-resistance materials

•  Fire-Resistance Rating: Refers to the period of time a component maintains the ability to confine a fire

Specific Terms and Labels

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Specific Terms and Labels

I. Introduction To Fire Safety

IBC 2006 requires all fire rated glazings to be

permanently labeled with the following:

•  Doors (D): NFPA 252

•  Openings (O): NFPA 257

•  Walls (W): ASTM E119, NFPA 251

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The Standard Temperature/Time Curve

Uneven heating will cause annealed glass to crack & fall from the frame

Vinyl in PVB-laminated glass begins to melt & glass falls from frame 300-350 40-100 250 400 600 800 1.000 Temperature (T) °C 200

Tempered glass becomes vulnerable to temperature differentials Tempered glass looses tempered properties

Tempered glass softens and slumps from frame

The Effect of Heat on Glass

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Benefits of using Fire-Rated Glass

•  It provides adequate means of escape for occupants

•  Allow safe access for fire-fighters and rescue teams

•  To prevent the spread of fire throughout the building

Why Use Fire-Rated Glazing?

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Fire Safety in Buildings

Safeguard Methods

•  Detection: Smoke, heat, and carbon monoxide detectors and fire alarms

•  Suppression: Sprinklers, fire-extinguishers, specialty hoses, dry chemical foam, gaseous extinguishing agents

•  Compartmentation: Isolating zones of a building to prevent the spread

of fire, utilized as passive fire protection

•  Building Occupant Emergency Education: The occupants must know the escape plan

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Module 2:

Fire-Protection Glass

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Varieties of Fire-Protection Glass

Types of Fire-Protection

glazing include:

•  Wired Glass •  Ceramic

•  Glass with Intumescent Laminates

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Wired Glass/Ceramic Fire-Rated Glass

Wire Glass

•  Resists the passage of flames and smoke •  Weaker than tempered/laminated glass

•  Does not however, meet human impact safety code requirements

Ceramic Fire-Rated Glazing

•  Ceramic fire-rated glass resists thermal shock

•  Available in insulated units for exterior applications •  Does not provide a barrier to heat.

II. Fire-Protection Glass

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•  Intumescent interlayer provides an opaque barrier to flames, smoke, and hot gasses

•  Provides 20 minutes of fire

protection, stays in place when used with an approved fire

protection rated framing assembly

•  Resists thermal shock caused by sprinklers and hoses

II. Fire-Protection Glass

Varieties of Fire-Protection Glass

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Glass with Intumescent Laminate

Intumescent Interlayer

Designed for use in Fire Protection doors in wood and steel

II. Fire-Protection Glass

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Comparison of Surface

Temperatures

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Module 3:

Fire-Resistance Glass

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Uses and Features

•  Blocks the heat radiation to acceptable low levels

•  Importance increases with size of glazed area

Fire-Resistance Glass Lowers

Heat Radiation Levels

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•  Variety of sizes, thicknesses and combinations offering superb design flexibility and aesthetics

•  Can be combined with Low-E glass, solar control glass, acoustic laminated glass, tempered and laminated glass

•  Ideal for windows, walls, doors,

transoms, partitions, facades and even sloped glazing applications

III. Fire-Resistance Glass

Uses and Features

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Uses and Features

Wall Standard

•  ASTM E-119 (IBC), UL 263, NFPA 251

•  Includes the hose stream test and temperature rise

Fire-Resistance Glazing

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Multi-Layer Intumescent Laminate

Technology

•  Developed in Germany over 25 years ago

•  Considerable research and development efforts

•  Offers highest level of fire and impact safety

History

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Properties

•  Made with multi-layers of glass and sodium silicate interlayers

•  At 150°F, an opaque foam forms which creates a barrier against heat, smoke and flames

•  Depending on the product chosen, fire ratings range from 45, 60, 90, and 120

Multi-Layer Intumescent Laminate

Technology

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Interlayers create an opaque insulating shield

III. Fire-Resistance Glass

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Module 4:

Testing Fire-Resistance Glass

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Procedures

•  Fire-Resistant systems must be tested according to the test standards

established for windows, doors, and walls

•  The fire test must include the hose stream test, which must also be performed by an independent laboratory

•  Building codes require that only listed products can be used in building

applications

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Timed Fire Test

•  Fire test begins when the furnace burner ignites

•  Interlayer begins to intumesce

•  Glass will slowly turn opaque

Fire Test – After One Minute

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Examples of a fire test after 10, 30, and 60 minutes

IV. Testing Fire-Resistance Glass

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Timed Fire Test

The Standard Temperature/Time Curve

The thermal insulation is so effective at blocking radiant heat that the other side of the glass can be touched without burning skin.

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Testing Fire-Resistant Glass

Fire Test Considerations

•  Approved by an accepted testing institute

•  Part of an approved Fire-Resistant rated framing assembly

•  Must be glazed correctly

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Examples from the hose stream test

IV. Testing Fire-Resistance Glass

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Testing Fire-Resistant Glass

Fire Test Considerations

•  Approved by an accepted testing institute

•  Part of an approved Fire-Resistant rated framing assembly

•  Must be glazed correctly

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Module 5:

Applications of Fire-Resistance Glazing

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Possible Applications

Introduction

•  Modern glazings offer a diverse range of innovative possibilities

•  Transparent design affords a comfortable and protected environment

•  Fire-Resistant and Fire-Protected glazings offer natural light coupled with protection against fire hazards

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Glazing Details for a Wood System

V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

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Wood System for Interior Use

Bead

Fixings Glazing Material

Glass

Door Setting

Block

GLAZING DETAIL FOR A DOOR APPLICATION

Glass Glazing Material

Fixings Bead Silicone Capping Setting Block Frame

GLAZING DETAIL FOR A WINDOW APPLICATION

V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

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External Wall Applications

•  Passive fire protection limits the threat of fire to adjoining properties, 1 or 2 hour rating required by the IBC 2006

•  Designer should consider plans to protect their building from outside fire risks

•  Traditional method is to restrict the number of openings in external walls

V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

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External Wall Applications

Border of premises

< 3 m

The image cannot be displayed. Fire-resistant wall

Glazing with Fire-Resistant glass

< 5 m

V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

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Roof and Floor Applications

•  Flaming debris can be carried upwards

•  Can pose serious hazards to other buildings

•  Fire-resistant roof & floors avoids the spread of fire

V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

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Examples of Applications

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V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

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V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

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Improper Applications

Examples of applications where improvements can be made… can

you spot what is wrong with this picture?

The banner and blinds would prevent the sprinkler system water from reaching the glass.

V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

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Improper Applications

V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing

Wire glass is not Human Impact Safety Rated, therefore it should not be used as large pieces in doors where people could come into contact.

Notice anything else wrong?

What’s wrong with this picture?

The door is also open, which inhibits the fire glass from being effective in the case of a fire.

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START

Thank You for Attending!

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