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www.pilkington.com/fire
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional registration. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material or construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods and services should be directed to the program instructor.
Pilkington Fire Protection Glass North America
946 Kane Street, Suite A
Toledo, OH 43612
Provider Number: J200
Course Number: PN3473
Learning Units: 1.00
Copyright Notice
This presentation is protected by US and
International copyright laws. Reproduction,
Learning Objectives
At the conclusion of the course, participants will be able to:
• Compare the performance of various fire-rated glasses • Describe the types and characteristics of fire-rated glasses
• Explain the features of fire-resistant glass with multi-layer intumescent interlayers • Define fire-rated glass testing methods
Index
I. Introduction To Fire Safety
a. Specific terms and labels b. The effect of heat on glass
c. Benefits of using Fire-Rated glass d. Fire safety in buildings
II. Fire-Protection Glass
a. Varieties of Fire-Protection Glass b. Comparison of surface temperatures
III. Fire-Resistant Glass
a. Uses and features
b. Multi-Layer Intumescent Laminate Technology
IV. Testing Fire-Resistant Glass
a. Procedures
b. Timed heat and hose tests c. Fire Test considerations
Module 1:
Introduction To Fire Safety
Definitions from the IBC
• Fire-Resistance: A fire-resistant material blocks the flow of radiant heat emitted from a fire
• Fire-Protection: A fire-protected material has an increased chance of surviving and maintain integrity during a fire, not to block heat emitted from a fire as with fire-resistance materials
• Fire-Resistance Rating: Refers to the period of time a component maintains the ability to confine a fire
Specific Terms and Labels
Specific Terms and Labels
I. Introduction To Fire Safety
IBC 2006 requires all fire rated glazings to be
permanently labeled with the following:
• Doors (D): NFPA 252
• Openings (O): NFPA 257
• Walls (W): ASTM E119, NFPA 251
The Standard Temperature/Time Curve
Uneven heating will cause annealed glass to crack & fall from the frame
Vinyl in PVB-laminated glass begins to melt & glass falls from frame 300-350 40-100 250 400 600 800 1.000 Temperature (T) °C 200
Tempered glass becomes vulnerable to temperature differentials Tempered glass looses tempered properties
Tempered glass softens and slumps from frame
The Effect of Heat on Glass
Benefits of using Fire-Rated Glass
• It provides adequate means of escape for occupants
• Allow safe access for fire-fighters and rescue teams
• To prevent the spread of fire throughout the building
Why Use Fire-Rated Glazing?
Fire Safety in Buildings
Safeguard Methods
• Detection: Smoke, heat, and carbon monoxide detectors and fire alarms
• Suppression: Sprinklers, fire-extinguishers, specialty hoses, dry chemical foam, gaseous extinguishing agents
• Compartmentation: Isolating zones of a building to prevent the spread
of fire, utilized as passive fire protection
• Building Occupant Emergency Education: The occupants must know the escape plan
Module 2:
Fire-Protection Glass
Varieties of Fire-Protection Glass
Types of Fire-Protection
glazing include:
• Wired Glass • Ceramic
• Glass with Intumescent Laminates
Wired Glass/Ceramic Fire-Rated Glass
Wire Glass
• Resists the passage of flames and smoke • Weaker than tempered/laminated glass
• Does not however, meet human impact safety code requirements
Ceramic Fire-Rated Glazing
• Ceramic fire-rated glass resists thermal shock
• Available in insulated units for exterior applications • Does not provide a barrier to heat.
II. Fire-Protection Glass
• Intumescent interlayer provides an opaque barrier to flames, smoke, and hot gasses
• Provides 20 minutes of fire
protection, stays in place when used with an approved fire
protection rated framing assembly
• Resists thermal shock caused by sprinklers and hoses
II. Fire-Protection Glass
Varieties of Fire-Protection Glass
Glass with Intumescent Laminate
Intumescent Interlayer
Designed for use in Fire Protection doors in wood and steel
II. Fire-Protection Glass
Comparison of Surface
Temperatures
Module 3:
Fire-Resistance Glass
Uses and Features
• Blocks the heat radiation to acceptable low levels
• Importance increases with size of glazed area
Fire-Resistance Glass Lowers
Heat Radiation Levels
• Variety of sizes, thicknesses and combinations offering superb design flexibility and aesthetics
• Can be combined with Low-E glass, solar control glass, acoustic laminated glass, tempered and laminated glass
• Ideal for windows, walls, doors,
transoms, partitions, facades and even sloped glazing applications
III. Fire-Resistance Glass
Uses and Features
Uses and Features
Wall Standard
• ASTM E-119 (IBC), UL 263, NFPA 251
• Includes the hose stream test and temperature rise
Fire-Resistance Glazing
Multi-Layer Intumescent Laminate
Technology
• Developed in Germany over 25 years ago
• Considerable research and development efforts
• Offers highest level of fire and impact safety
History
Properties
• Made with multi-layers of glass and sodium silicate interlayers
• At 150°F, an opaque foam forms which creates a barrier against heat, smoke and flames
• Depending on the product chosen, fire ratings range from 45, 60, 90, and 120
Multi-Layer Intumescent Laminate
Technology
Interlayers create an opaque insulating shield
III. Fire-Resistance Glass
Module 4:
Testing Fire-Resistance Glass
Procedures
• Fire-Resistant systems must be tested according to the test standards
established for windows, doors, and walls
• The fire test must include the hose stream test, which must also be performed by an independent laboratory
• Building codes require that only listed products can be used in building
applications
Timed Fire Test
• Fire test begins when the furnace burner ignites
• Interlayer begins to intumesce
• Glass will slowly turn opaque
Fire Test – After One Minute
Examples of a fire test after 10, 30, and 60 minutes
IV. Testing Fire-Resistance Glass
Timed Fire Test
The Standard Temperature/Time Curve
The thermal insulation is so effective at blocking radiant heat that the other side of the glass can be touched without burning skin.
Testing Fire-Resistant Glass
Fire Test Considerations
• Approved by an accepted testing institute
• Part of an approved Fire-Resistant rated framing assembly
• Must be glazed correctly
Examples from the hose stream test
IV. Testing Fire-Resistance Glass
Testing Fire-Resistant Glass
Fire Test Considerations
• Approved by an accepted testing institute
• Part of an approved Fire-Resistant rated framing assembly
• Must be glazed correctly
Module 5:
Applications of Fire-Resistance Glazing
Possible Applications
Introduction
• Modern glazings offer a diverse range of innovative possibilities
• Transparent design affords a comfortable and protected environment
• Fire-Resistant and Fire-Protected glazings offer natural light coupled with protection against fire hazards
Glazing Details for a Wood System
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
Wood System for Interior Use
Bead
Fixings Glazing Material
Glass
Door Setting
Block
GLAZING DETAIL FOR A DOOR APPLICATION
Glass Glazing Material
Fixings Bead Silicone Capping Setting Block Frame
GLAZING DETAIL FOR A WINDOW APPLICATION
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
External Wall Applications
• Passive fire protection limits the threat of fire to adjoining properties, 1 or 2 hour rating required by the IBC 2006
• Designer should consider plans to protect their building from outside fire risks
• Traditional method is to restrict the number of openings in external walls
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
External Wall Applications
Border of premises
< 3 m
The image cannot be displayed. Fire-resistant wall
Glazing with Fire-Resistant glass
< 5 m
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
Roof and Floor Applications
• Flaming debris can be carried upwards
• Can pose serious hazards to other buildings
• Fire-resistant roof & floors avoids the spread of fire
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
Examples of Applications
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
Improper Applications
Examples of applications where improvements can be made… can
you spot what is wrong with this picture?
The banner and blinds would prevent the sprinkler system water from reaching the glass.
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
Improper Applications
V. Applications of Fire-Resistant Glazing
Wire glass is not Human Impact Safety Rated, therefore it should not be used as large pieces in doors where people could come into contact.
Notice anything else wrong?
What’s wrong with this picture?
The door is also open, which inhibits the fire glass from being effective in the case of a fire.
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