Environmental Sustainability! in Software Engineering:

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Environmental Sustainability

!

in Software Engineering:

Seminar Nov./Dec. 2011 Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler [email protected]

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Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler, Software&Systems Engineering

Who am I?

•  *1981 in Erding, Germany

•  Accidently ended up in Computer Science

•  Studied in Passau and Málaga

•  Diploma thesis at Fraunhofer institute

–  Software Product Lines

•  Software & Systems Engineering

–  Research

–  Industry Collaboration & Consulting

–  Teaching

–  Stays abroad

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Warm-up

•  What is sustainability for you?

•  What do you relate with the term?

•  What do you want to learn/discuss here?

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Agenda

•  Definition of Sustainability & History

•  Sustainability in Software Engineering

•  State of Research

•  State of Practice

•  Case Study

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Where does “sustainability” come from?

•  1983 UN World Commission on Environment and

Development (WCED) "

Mission: Report on earth and environment, status quo

•  Result: 1987 Brundtland Report "

Def.: “Sustainable development is development that

–  meets the needs of the present

–  without compromising the ability of future generations "

to meet their own needs.”

•  1992 UN Earth Summit: Agenda 21 (178 voted “yes”),

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What is sustainable development?

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What is sustainability in SE?

•  Lifecycle

–  Sustainability in the initial software development process

(responsible use of ecological, human, and financial resources).

–  Sustainability of the software system during lifetime and

maintenance period including, finally, replacement "

(continuous monitoring of quality, knowledge management).

•  Product

–  Sustainability of the software system as product with respect to its

use of resources for production "

(green IT, sustainably produced hardware components).

–  Sustainability in the usage processes in the application domain

that are triggered by the software system as product "

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What kind of systems are relevant?

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•  Resource-intensive fabrication (production)

•  Impact-intensive operation (e.g. contamination)

•  Sustainability-promoting products (e.g. Yellow Events)

•  Stakeholder:

–  User (market-driven)

–  Law (environmental acts)

–  Company (Corporate Social Responsibility)

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Scoping

•  Out of scope

–  Hardware-related Issues

–  Green Washing

•  In scope

–  Sustainability with special regard to Environment

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Agenda

•  Case Study

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State of research

•  Cabot et al. •  Easterbrook •  Mahaux et al. •  Tomlinson et al. •  Naumann et al. •  Penzenstadler www.free-extras.com

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Cabot & Easterbrook

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**i* Goal Models for ICSE organization**

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Easterbrook

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Climate Change: A Software Grand Challenge

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Easterbrook: Serendipity

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Or, what has Software Engineering got to do with climate change?

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Mahaux et al.

!

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RE for BIS for Event Management

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“Greening through IT”

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•  Humans are facing significant

environmental issues that occur over long time scales, large distances, and great degrees of complexity.

•  Unassisted, humans are not well equipped

to deal with problems on these scales. •  Throughout history, technological

innovations have enabled human cultures to deal with broader suites of problems than we would otherwise be able to address. •  IT specifically involves tools and techniques

for dealing with vast bodies of information across wide ranges of time, space, and complexity, and is thus well suited for addressing environmental concerns.

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Amsel, Ibrahim, Malik & Tomlinson: “Green Tracker” and “Towards Sustainable Software Engineering”

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DFG-Project „Green Software Engineering“

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Naumann et al.

!

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•  Analyze SE contribution to improvement of environmental

sustainability of ICT and development of ICT systems for environmental sustainability (ICT4ES)

•  RQ1: What are the implications for SE of ICT4ES?

•  RQ2: How can the necessities resulting from ICT4ES be

implemented in an SE approach?

•  RQ3: How can we assess the impacts of a given software

system for ES?

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EnviroSiSE

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Dr. Birgit Penzenstadler, Software&Systems Engineering 24 22.11.11

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Agenda

•  Case Study

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State of Practice

•  Corporate Social Responsibility"

CSR is „in fashion“, some of it is „green painting“

–  see http://www.greenwashingindex.com

•  Sustainability Institutes, Initiatives & Research Groups

–  http://www.sustainer.org/ –  http://www.ifi.uzh.ch/isr.html –  http://www.gesi.org/ •  Sustainability Consulting –  http://www.sustainability.com/ –  http://www.sustainabilityconsulting.com/ –  http://www.greencanary.net/ etc.

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Agenda

•  Case Study

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Case

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Study: Drive-now.com

•  BMW •  MINI •  Sixt

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Agenda

•  Case Study

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Topics

1.  Systematic Literature Review of ICT4ES."

Analysis with setup and complete protocol according to Kitchenham 2009.

2.  Survey of Potential ICT4ES Systems and Classification of Domains."

Which domains are relevant for ICT4ES and how to classify them?

3.  Interview Study with Practitioners on Values behind Sustainability."

Which stakeholders have a direct interest in sustainability and what are their values?

4.  Survey of Goals for Sustainability and their Classification."

What are the goals for supporting sustainability and how to classify them?

5.  Survey of Metrics for Sustainability and their Applicability to Software."

What are the KPIs in use for environmental sustainability and how to apply them to software?

6.  Suitability of Domain Modelling Techniques."

Which modelling techniques in Software and in Environmental Sciences are suitable to perform domain modelling for ICT4ES?

7.  Suitability of Artefacts for Sustainability Requirements."

What documentation artefacts are suitable to elicit and capture sustainability requirements?

8.  Suitability of Life Cycle Analysis to an ICT4ES System."

How to apply Life Cycle Analysis for the impact of a software system's usage processes?

9.  Suitability of Risk Assessment Techniques for an ICT4ES System."

How to apply risk assessment techniques for environmental sustainability?

10.  Suitability of Impact Analysis Techniques for an ICT4ES System."

How to apply impact analysis techniques for environmental sustainability?

"

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Next Steps – Homework until Thursday

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•  Read through resources on webpage