DSOM 2003 DSOM 2003
Management Challenges of Context
Management Challenges of Context-
-Aware Services in Ubiquitous
Aware Services in Ubiquitous
Environments
Environments
Heinz-Gerd Hegering, Axel Küpper Claudia Linnhoff-Popien, Helmut Reiser
[email protected] {kuepper|linnhoff|reiser}@informatik.uni-muenchen.de ment of C ontex t ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Context Aware Service
Context Aware Service
Context
Information characterizing the situation of an Entity (person, place or object)
Context Aware Service (CAS)
Adaptation of process behavior or content Caused by current context of entities
Contextualization
Process of adaptation of a certain service
Agenda
CAS Application Example Context Information Model Federative Organization Model
Deriving new management challenges
3 Manage ment of C ontex t Manage ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts Helmut Reiser Helmut Reiser M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Application Example of CAS
Application Example of CAS
Manage ment of C ontex t Manage ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Characterization of CAS
Characterization of CAS
Wide variety of heterogeneous context sources
Heterogeneous formats and accuracy
Highly distributed in ubiquitous environment
Context may have spatial or temporal validity
Context as a result of
complex user specific
procurement process
Lot of different actors
5 Manage ment of C ontex t Manage ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts Helmut Reiser Helmut Reiser M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Context Value Chain
Context Value Chain
ment of C ontex t ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Value Chain Characteristics
Value Chain Characteristics
Different
information sources
formats
accuracy
independent actors
Selecting „best“ context source ?
Not a single trace but several sequences
in predescribed order
in parallel
event triggered
dynamic changing
Value Chain Automation ? Context Definition Language (CDL)
with formal Quality of Context Sub-processes of the Value Chain
V a lu e C h a in
7 Manage ment of C ontex t Manage ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts Helmut Reiser Helmut Reiser M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Role Model for CAS
Role Model for CAS
Mapping of Value Chain processes to role model ?
Context Provider:
Sensing
CAS Provider:
Contextualization
Orchestration of value chain creation
Problems for Management
Independent actors =
self management cells
No „leader of the band“
No direct influence on foreign
business or decision processes
Federative organization model
Automated interorganizational cooperation
Manage ment of C ontex t Manage ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Configuration Management Challenges
Configuration Management Challenges
Orchestration of context value chain
Depends on the context information itself
Based on dynamic criteria (e.g. mobility of users)
Automatic adaptation to constantly changing infrastructure CAS provider needs integrated and automated configuration
mechanisms across
heterogeneous systems independent context providers
Classical service lifecycle not feasible for ad-hoc creation of user individual CAS
Hierarchy of lifecycles: Lifecycle for CAS infrastructure
Micro-lifecycle for each individualized service instance
9 Manage ment of C ontex t Manage ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts Helmut Reiser Helmut Reiser M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Fault Management Challenges
Fault Management Challenges
Technical deficiencies in sensor networks
Limited power, CPU, memory, radio energy, .... No mgmt. or alarming function
Highly proprietary sensors
Capturing data from sensors unreliable (e.g. GPS indoor)
Even fault mgmt. for sensor networks not trivial
Deficiencies and „real“ faults in sensing
Faults in procurement of context
Fault Management must
Detect (temporary) absence of sensors Support configuration management
Cover whole value chain and activate micro-lifecycle
Goal: Building an alternative value chain with same QoC
ment of C ontex t ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Accounting Management Challenges
Accounting Management Challenges
Each user gets its own and (maybe) unique service
Customers point of view:
Predictability and keep control on costs Price ceilings for certain CAS
Customer & provider: conservation of evidence for usage
Ad-hoc service agreements
Ad-hoc pricing
Not the service defines the price, but the price causes the type of service
Price-driven service adaptation; building the value chain
Price-driven service provisioning
11 Manage ment of C ontex t Manage ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts Helmut Reiser Helmut Reiser M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Security Management Challenges
Security Management Challenges
Classical CIA approaches do not fully fit
Confidentiality:
Not all information sources known beforehand
Data transmission uncontrollable by the context owner Integrity and Availability:
Sensors are not designed for high availability Easy to disturb
Context is sensitive data; danger of user profiling
Privacy: context owner authorizes and prohibits access to her data; (informational self-determination)
Delegation of privacy mgmt. to CAS/security provider
Automatically process able trust model
Integrated and interorganizational security mechanisms
Manage ment of C ontex t Manage ment of C ontex t -A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts A w ar e S e rv ic es i n U b iq u itou s E n vi ronm e n ts M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t M ana g eme nt C h al le ng es of C ont ex t --A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts A w ar e S er v ic es i n U b iqui tous E n v ir onme n ts
Conclusion and Future Work
Conclusion and Future Work
Context aware service provisioning:
Short (real-) time and user individual service adaptation Different organizational domains
Context information determines service provisioning
Deriving new management challenges in a structured way
At the moment more questions than answers
Roadmap for further research in this area
Future work:
Identification of functional building blocks for CAS mgmt. functions Investigation and concepts for interorganizational aspects
Specification of a CDL
