Biology 30 Cell Review Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Eukaryote Cells
Cell Structures and Organelles
1. Briefly describe the function of the following cell structures:
a.) Cell membrane: _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ b.) Cell wall: _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ c.) Cytoplasm: ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ d.) Nucleus: _____________________________________________________________
2. Define the term cell organelle: __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell: ____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Explain the role of centrioles in animal cell division: __________________________________
Cell Processes
Active and Passive Transport
Cells have a need to move materials both into and out of the cell. Raw materials and other molecules necessary for metabolism must be accumulated from outside the cell. Some of these substances are scarce outside of the cell and some effort is required to accumulate them. Waste products and molecules for use in other parts of the body must be ‘exported’ out of the cell. Materials can move into and out of the cell without any effort on the part of the cell. They move by a process called diffusion, which is classed as passive transport process since no energy is required to make it happen. Other processes that move substances may involve the use of energy, and are classed as active transport.
1. Briefly describe the energy requirements of passive and active transport: ________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Name a type of cell in the human body that requires an ion pump in order to function.
__________________________________________________________________________ 3. a.) Describe what happens in the process of exocytosis: ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ b.) Name a secretory gland which has cells where exocytosis takes place. _______________
4. a.) Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are two forms of endocytosis. Describe the general process of endocytosis: ______________________________________________________________
Biology 30: Basic Components to the Scientific Process
1. Problem Statement/ Objective:
Formulate a cause and effect question Usually stated as:
o What is the effect of the manipulated variable on the responding variable?
o Example: What is the effect of the amount of sunlight on the growth of a plant?
2. Hypothesis/ Prediction:
A prediction is simply answering the problem statement based on previous knowledge and experience (State what you think is going to happen).
A hypothesis not only answers the problem statement but also provides a explanation for the provided answer (State what you think is going to happen and why).
Hypothesis statements usually have the following format: o If….then…..because…
o Example: If a plant is exposed to increased light, then it will experience more growth because plants use light in photosynthesis to make their own food
3. Experimental Design:
A. Background Information –Write a 2 to 3 sentence statement that
Responding variable – a condition that changes in response to the to the change in the manipulated variable (the one factor that will be measured)
Controlled Variables – conditions that are kept the same by the experimenter (provide a minimum of 3 controlled variables)
Note:
Variables in an experiment may also be independent or dependent variables. An independent variable is any variable that influences the effect being studied, but is not itself affected by the experimental conditions. Time is often an independent variable. The dependent variable is the same as the responding variable.
Along with variables, often an experiment will have two parts for comparison:
1. The experimental group or part that tests the condition 2. The control group (commonly called the control) – conditions remain unchanged/ constant or do not experience the manipulated variable.
Example:
CALCULATING FIELD OF VIEW AND SIZE OF OBJECT-
PRACTICE
For each of the following, calculate the size of the object in the circle. The circle represents what one might see when looking through the microscope under the magnification indicated.
1. Low Power
2. Medium Power
3. High Power
4. High Power
5. Low Power
6. Manipulate the formula to calculate the fit number of the above cell(#5) under medium power, then draw the cell in a field of view.
