4-GoalsEvolution

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COMSATS University - Human Computer Interaction

1 _{Farhan Aadil}

Farhan Aadil

Assistant Professor

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Lecture 4

Goals & Evolution of Human-Computer Interaction

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In the Last Lecture

• Effect of Bad Tools

– IFE

– Bad-day Clip

• Effect of today’s computers

– human productivity

– employee loyalty

– customer loyalty

– revenue

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In the Last Lecture

Products with a bad user

experience deserve to

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Engineers Belief

Engineers believe that since they made it, can use it, everyone can use

it

“If WE can use it, YOU can use it. If you can’t, YOU must be STUPID”

“Users are stupid” – anonymous

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In Today’s Lecture

• Goals of HCI

– Usability

– User Experience

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HCI – A Definition

“Human-Computer Interaction is a discipline

concerned with the design, evaluation and

implementation of interactive computing

systems for human use and with the study

of major phenomena surrounding them”

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Human-Computer Interaction

Interaction

User Experience

Usability

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The Shopping Analogy

• Types of experiences

– Good or Bad

• Every user is unique

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User Experience – A Definition

• The user experience is the holistic combination of everything that

the user

– Sees

– Touches

– Feels

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Good and Bad Experiences

Good experience

Bad experience

Frustration

Resentment

Anger

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Usability - Abstract-level Constituents

Ease of Use

(Could I use it?)

+

Usefulness

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Usability

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Perspective ?

• People perceive the same item in different ways

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Usability & User Experience

User Experience Goals

Usability

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Usability Goals

• Effectiveness

• Efficiency

• Safety

• Utility

• Learnability

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Effectiveness

• How good the system is at doing what it is supposed to do

– iDrive system being effective since it would perform all the tasks

– Porsche example the system was effective enough to detect the high

intake of Air in Fuel system

– The Alarm clock is effective in the way that it would play music in

exactly the same way it is supposed to

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Efficient

• The way system supports its users in carrying out their tasks

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Safety

• Protecting the user from dangerous conditions

and undesirable situation

– Which of the Cases we discussed earlier you think

was the most unsafe ?

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Safety

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Utility

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Learnability

• How easy a system is to learn to user

• Ten Minute Rule (Jacob Neilson)

• Was iDrive easy to Learn

• Simple Device VCR

– Task 1: Learning to Play

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Memorability

• How easy the system is to remember once learnt

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User Experience Goals

• Satisfying

• Enjoyable

• Fun

• Entertaining

• Helpful

• Motivating

• Aesthetically Pleasing

• Supportive to Creativity

• Rewarding

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Fun

Emotionally

fullfilling

Rewarding

Satisfying

Entertaining

enjoyable

Supportive of

creativity

Efficient to

use

Easy to

remember

Effective

to use

Easy to

learn

Safe to

_use

Have good

utility

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Today’s Revelation

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Usability and Quality

• What is Quality?

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Software Quality – A Definition

• The extent to which a software product exhibits these characteristics

– Functionality

– Reliability

–

Usability

– Efficiency

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Groundwork for HCI: 1960s – Early 1970s

• “Man-machine Symbiosis" (Licklider, 1960)

– Symbiotic relationship

– Computers would contribute in creative process

• “Augmentation of human intellect” (Engelbart, 1963)

• SketchPad system at MIT (Sutherland, 1963)

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Groundwork for HCI: 1960s – Early 1970s

• Parallel developments

– Interactive graphic interfaces

– Interactive text processing systems

– Line and display editors

– WYSIWYG editors

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Difference in Approach: Late 1970s and 1980s

• US

– How computers enrich lives

– Facilitating problem-solving and creativity

– Empirical evaluation

– Psychology of programming

• Europe

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Early Days of HCI

• Early days of computing computers were used and operated by

Engineers / Technical Staff only

• 1970’s: technology explosion

– Notion of

user-interface

arises, a.k.a.

Man-Machine Interface

(MMI)

– User-interface became a concern for system designers and researchers

• Growing realization

– Success depended on improving physical aspect of UI

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Role of Academic Researchers

• Academic researchers were more interested in how computers

enriched human life

• They investigated

– ‘people’ side of interaction

– Limitations and capabilities of humans

• Other issues found

– Training issues

– Working practices

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‘Birth of HCI’

• ‘HCI’ term adopted in mid-1980s

• Another HCI definition

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Landmark Systems in Evolution

• Three systems were landmarks in evolution

– Dynabook

– The Star

– Apple Lisa

• Unifying theme in these systems

– Easy-to-use for all

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Dynabook – 1970s

• Brainchild of Alan Key and his Associates in Xerox’s Palo Alto

Research Center (PARC), California

• Intention

– Develop highly-responsive book-sized PC

• Colour display

• Radio link to a world wide computer network

– Could function as

• Secretary

• Mailbox

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The Star

• Same team of Dynabook

• Desktop Sized Personal Workstation

• Intended for Individual Use

• First Time a Mouse was Used

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Apple Lisa – Early 1980s

• Apple exploited this discovery (Star)

• Lisa developed

• Macintosh developed

– Smaller, cheaper and more powerful version than Lisa

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What We Learnt Today …

• Goals of HCI

– Usability

– User Experience

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