International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012)486
Design a 3.5 Antenna for Dual Band Application
M.Z.A. Abd. Aziz
1, M. Md. Shukor
1, M.K. Suaidi
1, A. Salleh
11Center for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Fac. Of Electronic and Computer Engineering,
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka, Malaysia Email:mahfuzah.shukor@yahoo.com
Abstract— The basic shape structures are designed at frequency 2.4 GHz based on radiating structure 5 and 5.2 GHz based on radiating structure 3. The frequency bands that have been chosen are based on the IEEE standards. Then both structures are combined to achieve dual band resonant. The techniques that have been used are by designing the 3.5 shaped by using microstrip, planar and coplanar waveguide structures. Then, the changes on the position of radiating structure 3 have been carried out to investigate the effect for dual band.
Keywords— Coplanar waveguide, Dual band, IEEE,
Microstrip, Planar, Radiating structure.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, wireless communication is rapid in increasingly the technology development. The rapid progress promises to make interactive voice, data and video services available anytime and anyplace. Wireless communication systems come in variety of different sizes ranging from small hand-held devices to wireless local area networks. The trend now is providing a wireless link to every kind of electronic devices. In this trend, Personal Digital Assistant (PDAs), notebooks and cellular phones are becoming constitutive elements of new generation networks [1]. Wireless local area networks (WLANs) constituted by portable devices communicating in an ad-hoc fashion, provide a viable extension of wired LANs for several of applications. WLAN are being widely recognized as a viable, cost effective and high speed data connectivity solution and enabling user mobility. Besides that, wireless communication systems provide flexibility and their application is user friendly [2, 3].
Rapid development in wireless communications industries demand novel antenna that can be easily used in more than one frequency. Besides that, the antenna design facing many problems and issues those need to be solved immediately to fulfil the user needed. The problems involved in the antenna design are limitation space so the antenna needs to be in compact size and challenges to make
the antenna broadband. Reasons of developing a dual band antenna are to increase the bandwidth, to cover multiband applications and to provide large bandwidth [4, 5]. Dual band antennas can also be used for different ISM bands. The 2.4 GHz ISM band has become very popular and is now widely used for several wireless communication standards [6].
In this paper, an antenna with radiating structure of 3.5 is
proposed for dual band applications at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. The frequency chosen is based on the standards which are IEEE 802.11a (5.15 GHz – 5.35 GHz) and IEEE 802.11b (2.4 GHz – 2.48 GHz) frequency bands.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
Previous work has been done on the novel compact
printed antenna with radiating structure of 2.5 for dual band
applications at 2.4 GHz and 5.2/5.8 GHz [2]. This paper proposed different radiating structure for same applications. The radiating structure that has been proposed in this paper is 3.5.
The basic structure for the 3.5 antenna consists of 3
layers which are patch, dielectric substrate and ground plane as shown in Figure 1. The top layer is patch or antenna layer which is the radiator that made from the copper (annealed) with thickness of 0.035 mm. Then, the
second layer is dielectric substrate (80 mm 80 mm). In
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012)487
(a)
[image:2.612.333.555.130.484.2](b)
Figure 1. Antenna Structure (a) Front view (b) Side view
The lengths of the radiating structure 3 and 5 are based
on the . The radiating structure with length 17.44
mm is at 2.4 GHz while radiating structure with length
8.05 mm is at 5.2 GHz. The feeding methods that
have been used in this paper are microstrip feed line and coplanar waveguide feed line. The feed line is inserted at
the radiating structure 5 to achieved dual band at 2.4 GHz
and 5.2 GHz. The geometry of the antenna is shown in Figure 2 and the antenna dimensions are shown in TABLE I.
(a)
[image:2.612.56.283.138.489.2](b)
Figure 2. Antenna Geometry (a) Structure 5 (b) Structure 3
TABLEI
DIMENSION OF ANTENNA (IN MM)
L1 12.5
L2 5
L3 3.3
L4 3.5
L5 4.5
L6 16.67
L7 3
L8 7.5
L9 3
L10 2.39
wf 1.913
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012)488
The basic structure of 3 and 5 as in Figure 1 is designed.
Then, both structures 3 and 5 are combined to form 3.5
-shaped antenna. Firstly, the microstrip antenna is designed. There are two types of microstrip antenna which are Design
A1 and Design A2. Then, the antenna is designed with
planar type which is Design B1. Next designed are coplanar
waveguide (CPW) antennas which are Design C1, Design
C2 and Design C3.
A. Microstrip Antenna (Design A1 and Design A2)
The radiating patch of structure 3 and 5 are designed on
one side of the substrate while other side is ground. The ground is fully covered the substrate. There are two designed that using microstrip antenna type which are
Design A1 and Design A2 as shown in Figure 3 and Figure
4.
(a)
[image:3.612.366.521.145.453.2](b)
Figure 3. Design A1 (a) Front view (b) Back view
The different between Design A2 and Design A1 is the
position of the radiating structure 3.
(a)
(b)
Figure 4. Design A2 (a) Front view (b) Back view
B. Planar Antenna (Design B1)
Only one designed that using planar antenna which is
Design B1. The radiating structure 3 is placed at the same
plane with the ground plane. The position of the radiator is
similar to Design A2. The structure is shown in Figure 5.
[image:3.612.91.247.344.661.2]International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012)489
[image:4.612.361.520.182.512.2](b)
Figure 5. Design B1 (a) Front view (b) Back view
C. Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Antenna (Design C1, Design C2 and Design C3)
There are three designs that are using CPW technique
type which are Design C1, Design C2 and Design C3 as
shown in Figure 6 - 8. For Design C1, the radiating
structure 3 is placed at the other side of substrate. The
position of that structure is similar to Design B1.
(a)
[image:4.612.96.239.399.699.2](b)
Figure 6. Design C1 (a) Front view (b) Back view
For Design C2, the radiating structure 3 is at the other
side of substrate. The position is still same with the Design
C1 but there is a slot surrounding the radiating structure 5.
(a)
(b)
Figure 7. Design C2 (a) Front view (b) Back view
While for Design C3, the design is same with the design
C2 but the radiating structure 3 is placed at the same side
with the radiating structure 5.
[image:4.612.369.519.572.720.2]International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012)490
[image:5.612.93.242.131.289.2](b)
Figure 8. Design C3 (a) Front view (b) Back view
III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The results from the simulations were then validated with experimental measurements of a prototype as shown in Figure 9 and a very good agreement was noticed.
(a)
(b)
Figure 9. Antenna Prototype of design C3 (a) Front view (b) Back view
From the simulation, the bandwidth for 2.4 GHz is 1265.4 MHz (2.8735 GHz – 1.6081 GHz) and 5.2 GHz is 1160.9 MHz (5.8649 GHz – 4.7039 GHz). Particularly, the lower frequency band has a wider bandwidth compare to the upper frequency due the slot. The graph of return loss is shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10. Comparison between simulation and measurement results
[image:5.612.321.580.225.319.2]The directivity for 2.4 GHz is 5.34 dBi and for 5.2 GHz is 6.53 dBi. While the radiation efficiency for 2.4 GHz is -0.64 dB and for 5.2 GHz is -0.85 dB which is more than 50% efficiency where the antenna receives more than 50% of power transmitted. The surface current is shown in Figure 11.
(a)
[image:5.612.95.244.382.700.2](b)
[image:5.612.371.515.432.696.2]International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012)491
[image:6.612.324.565.134.305.2]In addition, the slot size gives significant bandwidth enhancement in the upper frequency as shown in Figure 12. The slot size has small effect to the upper frequency but can change the lower frequency. The lower frequency was shifted from the 1.775 GHz to 2.45 GHz.
Figure 12. Return loss of the proposed antenna for various slot size
[image:6.612.49.290.212.310.2]Then, the parametric study of the length of feed as shown in Figure 13 was performed. The upper frequency and the lower frequency are shifted. Figure 14 shown simulation radiation pattern of the proposed antenna.
Figure 13. Return loss of the proposed antenna for various length of feed
(a)
(b)
Figure 14. Radiation pattern at the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz. (a) = 90 (b) 0
The radiation patterns for the (total) electric field at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz have a few nulls in the radiation patterns but the overall omnidirectional characteristics are retained. It should be noticed that the radiation pattern of the antenna is elliptical for a certain of angle. The comparison between the simulation and measurement results are shown in TABLE II.
TABLEII
COMPARISON BETWEEN SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS
Frequency Simulated Measured Simulated Measured 2.4 GHz 5.2 GHz Return
Loss
-16.44 dB
-19.781 dB
-19.964 dB
-18.781 dB Bandwidth 1265.4
MHz
10062.2 MHz
1160.9 MHz
1067.9 MHz Gain 4.697 dB 2.749 dB 5.683 dB 3.299 dB
IV. CONCLUSION
A 3.5 antenna is proposed in this paper. Various
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The bandwidth especially for the upper frequency can be achieved by adjusting the slot size. The proposed antenna is a very attractive solution for small portable devices and for systems where compact antennas that can operate with a small ground plane are required.
V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors thank to UTeM for their support in obtaining the information used and material in development work, and we thank the anonymous referees whose comments led to an improved presentation of our work.
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