WSN 48 (2016) 240-246 EISSN 2392-2192
Higher education in Poland in the years 2006-2014
Marcin Król
Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, 69 Dabrowskiego Str., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
E-mail address: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This article will be described higher education in Poland. It will be described three-cycle structure of study. The rest of this article will be shown in the form of graphs the number of people studying.
Keywords: higher education; first degree; second cycle; cycle program; third cycle
1. INTRODUCTION
Higher education in Poland is conditioned on the three-cycle structure. Higher education can be divided into first- and second-degree or graduate studies. [1] Classes can be conducted by universities, who have appropriate authorization and research facilities. In turn, PhD, also known as third degree studies can be carried out both by institutions with adequate powers and Scientific Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, an international research institute that works on Polish territory, or research institute. [2] In turn, the postgraduate studies can be carried out by universities, scientific institutions of the Polish Academy of Sciences, research institutions, or the Center for Postgraduate Medical Education. Universities offer the opportunity to study in a full-time or part-time. [3]
2. FIRST DEGREE STUDIES
The first cycle usually lasts 3, 4 years. For studies of this type can get people who have a matriculation certificate. Higher education of the first degree are finished writing and defend a thesis. [4] Obtained in this way, professional bachelor or engineer, or similar specific direction, as well as the profile confirmed the right diploma. [5]
If a student wants to graduate first degree must earn at least 180 ECTS credits.
Engineering studies last for at least seven semesters while the Bachelor little shorter. [6]
Students can earn a bachelor's degree after at least 6 semesters. The practice, which students must take place among the study period. [7]
By obtaining the title of that student gets a pass for a further continuation of education for second-cycle studies. [8]
3. SECOND-DEGREE STUDIES
If the student has completed the first degree, and defended his thesis it can go to the second cycle. They last between one and a half to two years. [9] They can be completed when the student will obtain a professional master's degree, or a degree in engineering. Master's degree gives you the opportunity to pursue their studies in higher third degree. [10]
If a student wants to get mentioned title must earn no less than 90 ECTS credits. These studies last from three to four semesters. [11]
4. UNIFORM MASTERS
These are the Masters, which last for four and a half years to six years. They give you a chance to get a master's degree. [12] If a student wants to get the title of master's degree must earn no less than 300 ECTS points in a five-year study, or 360 ECTS in six studies. [13]
Master uniform are not less than nine semesters. They are related to the program, which includes basic training and increased specialization course. If the student completes the Master's studies and defend a thesis to obtain a master's degree. [14]
Students can choose among others in the following directions uniform master:
veterinary medicine, psychology, acting, pharmacy, conservation and restoration of works of art, the realization of the moving image and photography, canon law, medicine, dentistry course, right. [15,16]
5. STUDIES THIRD DEGREE
If a student wants to get to the third cycle studies must first obtain a master's degree.
Doctoral programs last from three to four years. [17,18] A person who graduated third degree obtained a doctoral degree in an approved field of science, in the field of science or doctor of art in a fixed field of art artistic discipline. [19]
To conduct studies of the third degree are eligible organizational units of universities and scientific institutions, which have the right to confer academic PhD degree or at least two powers to award the degree of doctor of science. [20]
6. STUDENTS IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2006 - 2014
Chart number 1 shows the overall number of people studying in the years 2006 - 2014.
The graph shows that from year to year the number of people who are in higher education decreases. In the first measurement, there were nearly 2 million students. On the other hand, in the last measurement in 2014 on higher education was no less than 1.5 million students.
Chart 1. Students Colleges in Poland in the years 2006 - 2014 – total
Source: Own elaboration based on Central Statistical Office of Poland
Chart 2. Students of uniform Master's studies in Poland in the years 2006 - 2014
Source: Own elaboration based on Central Statistical Office of Poland
0 500 000 1 000 000 1 500 000 2 000 000 2 500 000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
0 100 000 200 000 300 000 400 000 500 000 600 000 700 000 800 000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Chart 3. Students of undergraduate study in Poland in the years 2006 - 2014
Source: Own elaboration based on Central Statistical Office of Poland
Chart 4. Students in the second grade in Poland in the years 2006 - 2014
Source: Own elaboration based on Central Statistical Office of Poland
0 200 000 400 000 600 000 800 000 1 000 000 1 200 000 1 400 000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000 400 000 450 000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Chart 5. Participants doctoral studies in Poland in the years 2006 - 2014
Source: Own elaboration based on Central Statistical Office of Poland
The above graph is shown the number of people studying uniform graduate studies in Poland. Measurement period covers the years 2006 - 2014. In 2006, the first for a single graduate studies, there were more than 680 000 students. The trend was downward. In 2014, the haughty but less than 135 000 students.
The next graph shows the number of people studying at the first stage. As the chart shows most people in the sample, almost 1.2 million students were in 2009. In 2006, universities had nearly 935,000 people studying. Each year the trend has been upward. By fall after 2009. In 2014, it was only less than 940,000 students.
The graph number 4 you can see the number of people studying at the second-cycle studies. As you can see in the figure four in 2006, there were over 250,000 registered students. Year after year, people were coming studying at the second stage. Accumulation was in 2012 and amounted to less than 412,000 people. Then there was less interest in studies of the second degree. In 2014, people studying for graduate studies it was less than 361,000 people. From the graph one can easily deduce that the third cycle from year to year are becoming more and more popular. In the first measurement period in 2006 was less than 31,000 graduate students. In 2014, people who can say that they are graduate students was almost 44,000. [21]
7. CONCLUSIONS
As can be seen from the charts, from year to year in Poland, studies are becoming less popular. In 2014, it was just less than 1.5 million people. Studies have shown that at least students in the years 2006 - 2014 was in the uniform Master's degree studies. The largest
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 40 000 45 000 50 000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
number of students was taken to the bachelor's degree. In turn, the graduate studies most students were nearly 420,000 in 2012. However, if we talk about the third cycle from year to year it is becoming more popular. In the first measurement, there were almost 31 thousand people studying at the third stage. In 2014, it was already nearly 44,000 graduate students.
[22]
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[11] http://www.nber.org/papers/w19406.pdf
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[21] Central Statistical Office of Poland: http://stat.gov.pl/en/
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( Received 06 May 2016; accepted 30 May 2016 )
