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An ecohydrological sketch of climate change impacts on water and natural ecosystems for the Netherlands: bridging the gap between science and society

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Academic year: 2020

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Figure

Fig. 1. Schematized ecohydrological cross sections, measuring ca. 10 km in width and 10 m in height, ofsand landscape
Fig. 2. Examples of hydrological output parameters (Van Beek et al., 2008): (a) average groundwater depth in spring (m – soil surface);(b) soil moisture deficit Tred (mm yr−1); (c) percentage of system alien water (%), i.e
Fig. 4. Monthly averages P-ET for the current (C: black lines) andthe future (W+ in 2050: red lines), based on 30 year weather datafrom meteorological station De Bilt (centre of the Netherlands) andsimulations of actual ET with the integrated soil-water-atmosphere-plant model SWAP (Van Dam et al., 2008) for a groundwater-independent medium-textured sandy soil: (A) P minus Makkinkreference ET; (B) P minus actual ET of a grassland fully cover-ing the ground; (C) empirical relationship between simulated yearlytranspiration reduction Tred (defined by Bartholomeus et al., 2011c)versus observed cover fraction of rooting plants, based on 35 plotsthroughout the Netherlands; (D) P – actual ET of a grassland ofwhich cover of rooting species is adapted to drought according tothe relationship in (C).
Fig. 5. Ecohydrological sketch map showing the ecohydrological impact of climate change in the Netherlands

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