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Key-Words in Economics

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Key-Words in Economics

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ECONOMICS vs ECONOMY – ECONOMIC vs ECONOMICAL Economics is the science of the production and distribution of goods, the scientific study of a society’s money, industry and trade (note that economics is a general U-noun);

Economy is a general C-noun (plural form: economies) and indicates the financial state of a country, the control and management of the money, goods and other resources of a community or a country (e.g.: Britain’s economy is increasingly based on services; the economies of many developing countries are based on cash crops); economy can also mean “the deliberate saving of money through carefully controlled spending”.

The adjective economic means: a) related to the economy (e.g.:

economic growth leads to a per capita improvement in living standards), b) cost-effective (e.g.: we have to keep wage costs low to make it economic for us to continue production).

Economical (= cheap, not wasteful, not expensive) is another adjective in this word-family but indicates something which does not require a great deal of money to operate (e.g.: I have a small car because it is more economical to run); it can also be used to refer to an efficient way of doing things (e.g.: holding business meetings at an airport can be an economical use of time).

The regular verb to economise/-ize means to save money.

The personal C-noun economist refers to a person who studies or writes about economics.

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2) POLITICS vs POLICY

Politics is a general U-noun used to talk about government and related ideas (e.g.: I don’t know much about politics, but I don’t think this is a democracy; You talk beautifully, you should be in politics.)

Policy (plural form: policies) is used for people’s rules of behaviour, not necessarily connected with politics (e.g.: After the war, British foreign policy was rather confused; It is not my policy to believe everything I hear; It’s the firm policy to employ a certain number of handicapped people).

N.B.: policy can also mean a written statement of a contract of insurance (e.g.: Check the terms of the policy before you sign).

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economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/

A n.

1 [U] economia (produzione e consumo di beni e servizi)

2 economia; sistema economico: a healthy economy, un'economia prospera (o sana); a stable economy, un’economia solida; new economy, nuova economia (basata sull'innovazione tecnologica e finanziaria);

«new economy»; to stimulate the economy, stimolare l’economia

3 [U][C] economia; parsimonia; uso oculato; risparmio: to practise economy, fare economia; risparmiare; We made a few economies, abbiamo fatto un po' di economia; false economy, falso risparmio

4 (aeron., naut., = economy class) classe economica (o turistica) B a. attr.

economico; che fa risparmiare: economy pack, confezione economica

* (autom.) economy car, utilitaria # (fam., med.) economy class syndrome, sindrome da classe economica (fam.); trombosi venosa profonda # economy drive, campagna di risparmio # economy-minded, amante delle economie; economo # economies of scale (o scale economies), economie di scala # (autom.) economy run, economy run # (market.) economy size (o economy-sized), in formato economico; in confezione economica # (antiq.) political economy, economia politica.

economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/

n. pl.

1 (col verbo al sing.) economia; scienze economiche, teoria economica:

degree in economics (o economics degree) laurea in economia;

economics student, studente di economia

2 (col verbo al singolare) principi economici; dinamiche economiche: the economics of nuclear power is complex, i principi economici del nucleare sono complessi

3 (col verbo al plurale) aspetti finanziari; aspetti economici: the economics of the project are questionable, gli aspetti finanziari del progetto sono discutibili.

economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/

a. 1 economico; che concerne l'economia (intesa come scienza o come sistema economico); dell'economia: economic geography, geografia economica; economic law, diritto dell'economia; the government's

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economic policy, la politica economica del governo; economic recovery (o revival) ripresa economica; economic trend, tendenza dell'economia;

the current economic situation, la congiuntura economica; economic activity, attività economica

2 redditizio; remunerativo; economico: The shuttle service is no longer economic, il servizio navetta non è più remunerativo

* (rag.) economic accounts, conti economici (o derivati) # economic barometer, barometro congiunturale # economic cost, costo economico

# economic cycle, ciclo economico # economic efficiency, efficienza economica # (stat.) economic forecasting, previsioni economiche # economic freedom, libertà di iniziativa economica # (econ.) economic good, bene economico # economic growth, crescita economica # (fin.) economic interest, partecipazione (agli utili di un’impresa) # economic leakage, dispersione; impedimento alla formazione del reddito; economic migrant, immigrante in cerca di lavoro # economic miracle, miracolo economico # economic outlook, prospettive dell'economia; congiuntura:

The economic outlook is brightening, è in atto una schiarita della congiuntura # economic package, pacchetto economico (del governo);

economic planning, programmazione economica # economic refugee, immigrato (spesso abusivo) in cerca di lavoro # (econ.) economic rent, rendita economica; sovrappiù # economic welfare, benessere economico; to make economic sense, essere (o rivelarsi) conveniente dal punto di vista economico.

economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/

a.

1 economico; che fa risparmiare; efficiente: an economical fuel, un carburante economico; an economical car, un'auto che consuma poco;

an economical method of heating, un sistema di riscaldamento che fa risparmiare combustibile

2 (di persona) economo; parsimonioso

3 contenuto; parsimonioso; sobrio: to make economical use of st., usare qc. con parsimonia

* (naut., aeron.) economical speed, velocità economica # to be economical of one's time, fare economia (o buon uso) del proprio tempo

# (iron.) economical with the truth, parsimonioso nel dire la verità;

reticente

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economically /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkli/

avv.

1 economicamente; sotto il profilo economico

2 vantaggiosamente; a costi contenuti; in economia 3 con parsimonia

* (market.) economically viable prices, prezzi sufficientemente remunerativi # economically unsound, antieconomico

economist /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/

n.

economista.

to economize (BrE -ise) /ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz/

v. i.

(reggenza: to economize on + sost.) fare economia (di); risparmiare;

economizzare: We have to economize, dobbiamo fare economia; to economize on st., fare economia di qc.; economizzare qc.

[excerpts from Il Ragazzini 2019 – Dizionario Inglese-Italiano, Italiano-Inglese, di Giuseppe Ragazzini, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2018]

References

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