The identities of the sericeous leaved species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) in the Amazon region

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Contr. Univ. Michigan

Herb. 79 393-413.

1993.

THE IDENTITIES OF THE SERICEOUS.LEAVED SPECIES

OF STIGMAPHYLLON (MALPIGHIACEAE) IN THE

AMAZON REGION

Christiane

Anderson

University

of Michigan

Herbarium

North University

Building

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1057

INTRODUCTION

Stigmaphyllon, one of the Neotropical wing-fruited genera of the

Malpighi-aceae, includes nearly 100 species.

Most are characterrzed

by long-petioled broad

leaves, yellow flowers grouped in umbels or pseudoracemes

disposed in dichasially

branched inflorescences,

an androecium of 10 heteromorphic stamens,

and a

gynoe-cium whose 3 styles bear apical appendages,

the folioles, for which the genus is

named. The samara usually consists of an ovoid nut with a large flaring dorsal

wing and often also with lateral ornamentation (one to several small lateral

wing-lets, spurs, and/or crests). Both nomenclatural and taxonomic problems have

con-fused the identities of some of the representatives occurring in the Amazon

region in which the leaves are sericeous below, i.e., the trabecula of the hair

straight and sessile

to subsessile.

This group of plants was found to comprise four

species, S. argenteum C. Anderson (recently described), S. cardiophyllum Adr.

Juss. (a name long ignored), S. convolvulifolium Adr. Juss. (the epithet

tradition-ally attributed to Cavanilles), and S. sinuatum (DC.) Adr. Juss. (a name long

misapplied). For these, the names S. brachiatum Tr. & Pl., S. convolvulifolium

Adr. Juss., S. fulgens Adr. Juss., S. hypoleucum Miquel, S. martianum Adt. Juss.,

and S. splendens Cuatr. have been most commonly used. These four species are

discussed

here in detail. Four sympatric species,

S. lacunosum Adr. Juss., S.

may-nense Huber, S. paraense C. Anderson, and S. puberun (Rich.) Adr. Juss. are

included in the key presented below; although distinctive, they are occasionally

confused with one of the other four, because they also have abaxially sericeous

l e a v e s .

The very different S. paralias Adr. Juss., also with the leaves sericeous

below,

is unlikely to be confused with any other species of the genus. It is mentioned

here. because it has been recorded from the area of Tucuruf in Par6, Braztl.

Stigmaphyllon paralias is a shrub of dry and sandy areas of eastern Brazil from

MaranhSo to Rio de Janeiro. Its usually elliptical to lanceolate leaves have very

short petioles (up to 1.5 cm long), and the stipules are often fused across the node

into a bifid structure. The inflorescence

is most commonly a solitary umbel of (3-)

4-I5 large flowers or sometimes a dichasium of umbels. The peduncles are very

short, only 0.02-0.2 times as long as the pedicels. The greatly modified "samara"

consists of a nut lacking a carpophore and bearing an apical crest, the rudimentary

dorsal wins.

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394 _{C O N T R . U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E R B A R I U M}

_{V O L U M E 1 9}

TAXONOMY

[ N o t e : A t y p i c a l s p e c i m e n s o f S . c a r d i o p h y l l u m f r o m E , c u a d o r , c o n s i d e r c d putative hybrids, m a y n o t k e y h e r c ; s e e discussion below under S. cardiophyltum.l

l . A n t h e r s p u b e s c e n t .

2 . L a m i n a s v e r y s p a r s e l y sericeous to glabrous below. margin with irregularly spaced sessile g l a n d s a n d t h e bases of broken-off filiform glands; anthers of stamens opposite the p o s t e r i o r - l a t e r a l sepals with the connective enlarged and bearing only one loculet dorsal w i n g o f t h e s a m a r a 2 . 7 - 4 cm long, the nut 2.5-3.5 mm in diameter, without air chambers: a l o n g r i v e r b a n k s i n l o w l a n d and flood plain forest, at forest edge, and in secondary g r o w t h a n d c a p o e i r a s of Amazonian Ecuador, peru, Brazil, and Bolivia.

S . c a r d i o p h v l l u m A d r . Juss. 2 . L a m i n a s e v e n l y s e r i c e o u s b e l o w ; m a r g i n a l g l a n c l s _{n a i l - l i k e , i. e . , a d i s k b o r n e o n a s t a l k u p}

to 0.5 mm long (sometimes a few glands sessilc); anthers of stamens oppositc the posterior-l a t e r a posterior-l s c p a posterior-l s n o t m o d i f i e d , the connective and both posterior-locuposterior-les subequaposterior-lposterior-ly posterior-long; dorsaposterior-l wing o f t h e s a m a r a re d u c e d a n d c a . 2 c m h i g h m e a s u r e d fr o m b a s e o f n u t , t h e n u t ca. 12.-5 m m in diameter, the locule surrounded by air chamberst along river banks and in inundated

f o r e s t i n A m a z o n i a n Brazil and Peru. _{S . l a c u n o s u r n A d r . Juss.}

l . A n t h c r s g l a h r o u s .

3 . A n t c r i o r s t y l c a n d i t s o p p o s i n g s t a m e n m u c h l a r g e r t h a n t h e p o s t e r i o r styles and their o p p o s i n g s t a m e n s ; p o s t e r i o r styles foliolate.

4 . L a m i n a s s p a r s e l y sericeous below or rarely the hairs more abundant but thc epider-m i s a l w a y s v i s i b l e ; p e t a l s digitate-fiepider-mbriate; dorsal wing of saepider-mara erect and tapere d f r o m t h e b a s e , l a t e r a l w i n g l e t s and carpophore absent; in rain forests and gallery f o r e s t s , a l o n g r i v e r banks, and in mangrove swamps in the West Inclies, Central Amer-i c a . a n d n o r t h c r n S o u t h AmerAmer-ica (not reported from Ecuador): Venczuela (Delta A m a c u r o , M o n a g a s ) , Guyana, French Guiana. Ccllombia (northernmost Choc6 and A n t i o q u i a , P u t u m a y o ) . P e r u ( n o r t h e r n Loreto, Huiinuco), Amazonian Bra7ll (Amapri,

P a r 6 , , A m a z 6 n a s , A c r e ) . _{S . p u b e r u m ( R i c h . ) A d r . Juss.}

4 . L a m i n a s v e r y densely sericeous bclow, the epidcrmis obscuredt petals erosc to erose-d e n t i c u l a t e ; erose-d o r s a l w i n g of samara flareerose-d erose-distally, the nut bearing 3-4 lateral winglets p e r s i d e . c a r p o p h o r e present; in wet forests and at water's edge in E,cuador (Napo, P a s t a z a ) a n d P e r u ( A m a z o n a s . Hudnuccl, Loreto. San Martin, Pasco, Madre de Dios). o n e c o l l e c t i o n f r o m B r a z l l ( s o u t h w e s t e r n Amazdnas). S . m a r - n e n s e H u b e r . 3 . A n t e r i o r s t y l e a n d i t s clpposing stamen shorter than or at most subequal to the poste rior

s t y l e s a n d t h e i r o p p o s i n g s t a m c n s ; p o s t e r i o r s t y l e s fo l i o l a t e o r e f o l i o l a t e .

5 . S t a m e n s o p p o s i t c t h e p o s t e r i o r - l a t e r a l sepals subequal to the stamen opposite the p o s t e r i o r p e t a l ( f l a g ) , their anthers unmodified.

6 . L a m i n a s a p p e a r i n g g l a b r o u s below to the naked cye. but often very sparselv scri-c e o u s , _{t h e h a i r s c a . 0 . 1 ( - 0 . 2 ) m m l o n g a n d w i d e l y s p a c e d . n e v e r t o u c h i n g ; in m o i s t} f o r c s t , a l o n g r i v e r s . and also in secondary growth and along roadsides in Guyana. S u r i n a m e , F r e n c h G u i a n a , and northeastern Brazil (Amapii and eastern parii). also

r e c o r d e d f r o m M a r t i n i q u e and Trinidad. _{S. convolvulifoliunt Adr. Juss.}

6 . L a m i n a s s p a r s e l y to very dcnsely sericeous below, the hairs (0.2-) 0.3-0.5 (-0.7) m m l o n g . u s u a l l y t o u c h i n g to overlapping; common in primary and sccondary for-e s t . for-e s p for-e c i a l l y w for-e t f o r for-e s t , along rivfor-ers, in thickfor-ets, and at roadsidfor-es in Colombia. V e n e z u e l a , t h e G u i a n a s , northern Brazil, Ecuador. northern Peru, and Amazonian

B o l i v i a . _{S . s i n u a t u m ( D C ) Adr. Juss.}

5 . S t a m e n s o p p o s i t e the posterior-lateral sepals unlike the stamen opposite the posterior p e t a l ( f l a g ) , t h e i r anthers modified: the connective enlarged and bearing 0-2 reduced l o c u l e s .

7 . L i m b o f l a t e r a l p e t a l s 6-7 mm in diameter, erose; nut of samara without lateral w i n g l e t s a n d air chambers; in forests and thickets and at roadsides of eastern peru

( H u i i n u c o , Junfn, Loreto, Pasco, San Martin). S. argenteurn C. Anderson.

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1993

C . A N D E R S O N :

S T I G M A P H Y L L O N IN T H E A M A Z O N R E G I O N

395 Stigmaphyllon argenteum C. Anderson, Novon 2:302.1992.-Tvpe: PEntr. Hudnuco:

Prov. Pachitea, Dtto. Honoria, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, a lo largo del

Rfo Pachitea cerca del campamento Miel de Abejas, 1 km arriba del

pueblo Tournavista o unos 20 km arriba de la confluencia con el Rio

U c a y a l i , 3 0 0 - 4 0 0 m , 3 0 M a y 1 9 6 7 ,

S c h u n k e V . 2 0 1 8 ( h o l o t y p e : N Y ! ; i s o

-t y p e s :

C O L ! F ! G ! U S ! ) .

V i n e t o 1 4 m . L a m i n a s 2 . 5 - 1 5 . 3 c m l o n g , 5 . 7 - 1 4 c m w i d e , t r i a n g u l a r , o v a t e ,

elliptical to suborbicular, or sometimes 3-5-lobed, apex acuminate, base truncate

to cordate, sparsely sericeous to usually glabrous above, sericeous below

(trabec-ula 0.2-0.5 mm long, straight, sessile),

margin with irregularly spaced sessile

glands

(0.5-0.6 mm in diameter) and with filiform glands (up to 1.5 mm long), with a pair

of prominent but sessile

glands at the apex of the petiole, each gland 1.5-3.5 mm

in diameter; petioles 2-10+ cm long; stipules 0.7-1.2 mm long and wide,

eglandu-lar. Flowers ca. 15-30 per umbel, these borne in dichasia or compound dichasia.

Peduncles

3-7.5 mm long, pedicels 4-8.5 mm long; peduncles 0.6-1.2 times as long

as the pedicels. Bracts 0.9-1.3 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, narrowly triangular;

bracteoles 0.7-1.2 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, triangular, eglandular. Sepals 1.8-2.3

m m l o n g , 7 . 5 _ 2 m m w i d e , g l a n d s 1 . 6 - 2 . 3 m m l o n g , 0 . 6 - 1

. 2 m m w i d e . L a t e r a l

petals with the limbs orbicular or broadly obovate, glabrous, yellow, margin erose;

anterior-lateral petals: claw 1 .8-2.2 mm long, limb ca. J mm long and wide,

poste-rior-lateral petals: claw 0.5-1 mm long, limb 6-6.7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide;

posterior petal: claw 2.5-2.8 mm long, apex strongly indented, limb 5-5.6 mm

long, 3.5-4.8 mm wide, elliptical or broadly obovate, margin erose to

fimbriate-denticulate, teeth/fimbriae up to 0.5 mm long. Stamens unequal, those opposite

the posterior styles the largest, anthers of those opposite the lateral sepals with

the connective enlarged and the locules reduced; anthers all loculate, glabrous.

those of stamens opposite the anterior-lateral sepals with 1 or 2 locules, those of

stamens opposite the posterior-lateral sepals with only 1 locule. Anterior style ca.

2.2 mm long, shorter than the posterior two, glabrous; apex ca. 1.5 mm long, each

foliole ca. 1.4 mm long, ca. 1 .2 mm wide, subsquare. Posterior styles 2.6-3 mm

long, glabrous, lyrate; foliole ca.7.4-2 mm long and wide, subsquare.

Dorsal wing

o f s a m a r a c a . 4 . 5 c m l o n g , 1 . 4 - I . 7 c m w i d e , u p p e r m a r g i n w i t h a b l u n t t o o t h ,

lateral winglets absent, nut only prominently ribbed; nut 4-5.5 mm high,3.5-4.5

mm in diameter, areole 3-3.5 mm long,2.5-2.8 mm wide, concave, carpophore up

t o 1 . 8 m m l o n g . E m b r y o 5 . 8 - 7 . 3 m m l o n g , c a . 2 t i m e s a s lo n g a s w i d e , o v o i d , o u t e r

c o t y l e d o n 6 . 1 - 8 . 3 m m l o n g , 2 . 6 - 3 . 9 m m w i d e , t h e d i s t a l 1 / 6 f o l d e d o v e r t h e i n n e r

cotyledon, inner cotyledon 4-6.6 mm long, 2-3.6 mm wide, straight or the tip

folded back on itself.

Phenology. Collected in flower from April

from July through September.

Distribution. Lowlands of eastern Peru; in

sides; 135-670 m.

through July; in fruit in May and

forests and thickets and at

road-R E p road-R p s p N r n r r v e S p e c r v e r u s . P e r u . H u A l u c o : P r o v . P a c h i t e a , r e g i o n o f P u c a l l p a , c a . 2 6 k m S t < l 2 4 k m S S E o f P u e r t o I n c a , N o f R i o Y u y a p i c h i s , 0 9 " 3 7 ' 0 9 " 3 4 ' S , 7 4 " 5 6 ' 7 4 " 5 3 ' W , W a l l n d f e r I l

-3 l 5 B B ( M I C H ) ; v i c i n i t y o f T i n g o M a r f a , -3 - , 5 k m f r o m H u i i n u c o - T i n g o M a r i a r d o n M o n z 6 n r d , M a t h i a s & T a v l o r - 1 6 4 7 ( F . U C L A ) . - J u x i N : P u e r t o B e r m u d e z , K i l l i p & S m i t h 2 6 6 3 0 ( F . N Y , U S ) ; P r o v . S a t i p o , E b a n k o f R i o E n e a t m o u t h o f R f o Q u i p a c h i a r t , M a d i s o n 1 0 4 2 7 - 7 0 ( F ) . - L o n e ' r o : Q u e b r a d a S h a n u c e a b o v e Y u r i m a g u a s , C r o a t 1 7 9 9 9 ( M I C H ) ; I s l a d e U s h p a - c a n o n e a r m o u t h o f t h e

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396 _{CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM}

_{V O L U M E 1 9}

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F I G . 1 . S t i g m a p h l t l l o n argenteum. a. Portion of branch with large leaf. b. Detail of abaxial s u r f a c e o f l a m i n a . c . Small leaf. d. Flowering branch. e. Posterior petal. f. Androecium, second s t a m e n f r o m l e f t o p p o s e s posterior petal. g. Gynoecium, anterior style to the right. h. Samara. i. T w o v i e w s o f a n e m b r y o . Scale for a, c. d, h, bar = 1 cm; for b, bar = 0.5 mm; for e-g. bar = 1 mm. ( B a s e d o n : a , b, d-g, Schunke V.20tB; c, h, i, Croat 19640.)

R i o l t a y a ' C r o a t 1 9 6 4 0 (M I C H ) ; Ucayali, Bosque Nacional Alexander von Humboldt, between Km 9 0 - 1 3 0 o f P u c a l l p a - T i n g o _{M a r i a r d , 0 8 " 4 8 ' S , 7 5 ' 2 0 ' W , G e n t r y e t a l . 4 t 4 t 3 ( M O ) : w o o d e d b a n k s on} l o w e r R i o H u a l l a g a , Killip & Smith 29004 (F, GH, NY); Prov. Maynas, vicinity of Iquiros, Rio M o m 6 n , q u e b r a d a M o m o n c i l l o , McKenna et al. DMK-91 (AMAZ, F, MICH, MO).-pnsgo: Oxa-p a m Oxa-p a , c a . 5 k m uOxa-p Rfo Iscozacin from village of Iscozacfn, 10"12 S, 75'13'W, KnaOxa-pOxa-p &amOxa-p; Staver 7 8 0 2 A ( M I C H ) ; P a l c a z u Valley. Rio San Jos6 in the Rio Chuchurras drainage, 10.09'S. 75"20'W. D. S m i t h 4 0 0 2 ( M I C H ) . - S I N _{M n n r i N : b e t w e e n T o c a c h e Nuevo and Juanjui, 18.7 km S of Rio} pul-c a pul-c h e , 0 7 " 5 5 ' S , 7 6 " 4 0 W, Croat 58052 (MICH); vipul-cinity of Aguaytfa, Boquer6n de padre Abad. M a t h i a s & T a y l o r - 1 5 9 1 , 6 0 9 2 _{( F , U C L A ) , P r o v . Mariscal Cdceres, Dtto. Tocache Nuevo, quebrada} d e S a n t i a g o ' a l E d e P u e r t o Pizana, Schunke V. 6530 (GH, MO); Prov. Mariscal Ciiceres. Dtto, T o c a c h e N u e v o , q u e b r a d a de Cachiyaca, afluente de la quebrada de Huaquista, al E de puerto Pizana, Schunke V. B52B (F. MICH. MO).

Stigmaphyllon argenteum is named for the silvery pubescence on the abaxial

leaf surfaces. It is distinguished by its small flowers, in which the petal limbs are

only up to 7 mm in diameter and the anthers of stamens opposite the

posterior-lateral sepals bear only one locule, and by its samaras, which lack laterai winglets.

Stigmaphyllon cardiophyllum differs in its abundantly pubescent anthers and its

leaves,

which may be very sparsely

sericeous

below but most commonly areglabrate

to glabrous. In S. sinuatum, the flowers are borne in pseudoracemes instead of

umbels, the petals are usually larger (up to 13 mm in diameter), the stamens

opposite the posterior-lateral sepals have unmodified anthers and are subequal to

the stamen opposite the posterior petal, the styles are commonly pubesceni

(glu-brous in S. argenteum), and the nut of the samara usually bears lateral *lngi"tr.

stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium and S. argenteum are not sympatric

[image:4.612.73.431.72.325.2]

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C ] . A N D E R S O N : S T I G M A P H Y L L O N I N T H E A M A Z O N R E G I O N

391 Stigmaphyllon

cardiophyllum

Adr. Juss.,

Ann. Sci.

Nat. Bot., s6,r.2,13

289.1840.-Type: "Brasilia borealis,"

collector

unknown (holotype:

P!, photos: F!

MICH!, fragment:

P-JU!).

Fig.Z.

V i n e t o 1 5 m . L a m i n a s l . 3 - 1 7 c m l o n g , 3 . 1 - 1 3 . 5 c m w i d e , o v a t e t o e l l i p t i c a l

(the smaller often narrowly elliptical) to suborbicular, sometimes shallowly to

deeply 2-3-lobed, apex acuminate to acuminate-caudate,

base truncate to cordate

or sometimes attenuate, especially in smaller laminas, very sparsely sericeous to

glabrous above and below (trabecula 0.2-0.9 mm long, straight, sessile to

sub-sessile), margin with irregularly spaced sessile glands (0.2-0.6 mm in diameter)

and the bases of broken-off filiform glands, with a pair of prominent but sessile

glands at the apex of the petiole, each gland 1.1-3 mm in diameter; petioles 2.1-B

cm long; stipules 0.5-1 mm long, 0.5-1.4 mm wide, eglandular. Flowers ca. 15-25

(-30) per umbel, these borne in dichasia or compound dichasia or small thyrses.

P e d u n c l e s

( 1 . 5 - ) 2 . 2 - 5 m m l o n g , p e d i c e l s

4 - 1 0 m m l o n g ; p e d u n c l e s

0 . 3 - 1 t i m e s a s

long as the pedicels. Bracts 0.7-2 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, triangular or

nar-rowly so, bracteoles 0.4-1 mm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide, triangular, usually

eglandu-lar or sometimes each bracteole with a pair of inconspicuous glands (each ca. 0.1

m m i n d i a m e t e r ) . S e p a l s 1 . 2 - 2 m m l o n g a n d w i d e , g l a n d s 1 - 1 . 8 m m l o n g , 0 . 7 - 7

mm wide. All petals with the limbs glabrous, yellow; lateral petals with the limbs

orbicular, margin erose; anterior-lateral petals: claw 1-1.8 (-2.1) mm long, limb

( 5 - ) 6 - 6 . 5 m m l o n g a n d w i d e ; p o s t e r i o r - l a t e r a l

p e t a l s : c l a w 0 . 5 - 1 ( - 1 . 3 ) m m l o n g ,

limb 4-5 mm long and wide; posterior petal: claw 2-2.5 mm long, apex indented,

limb (3.2-) 3.5+ mm long, (2.3-) 3-4 mm wide, broadly obovate to broadly elliptical

to suborbicular, margin irregularly denticulate to denticulate-erose

to sometimes

erose. Stamens unequal, those opposite the posterior styles the largest but their

filaments subequal to those of stamens opposite the anterior-lateral sepals,

an-thers of those opposite the lateral sepals with the connective enlarged and the

locules reduced, those opposite the posterior-lateral sepals usually with only 1

tiny locule; anthers all loculate, pubescent. Anterior style 2-2.3 mm long, shorter

than the posterior two, glabrous; apex 0.9-1.1 mm long; each foliole 0.5-0.8 mm

long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide, triangular to square. Posterior styles 2.2-2.6 mm long,

glabrous, lyrate; foliole 0.9-1.2 mm long, 0.8-1.4 mm wide, subsquare to

subtrape-zoidal. Dorsal wing of samara 2.74 cm long, 1.1-1.8 cm wide, upper margin with

a blunt tooth; lateral winglets absent, nut only prominently ribbed; nut 4.I-5.5

m m h i g h , 2 . 5 - 3 . 5 m m i n d i a m e t e r , a r e o l e 2 . 5 - 3 . 3 m m l o n g , 2 . 1 - 2 . 5 m m w i d e ,

convex, carpophore up to 3 mm long. Embryo 4.5-6.4 mm long, ca.2 times as long

a s w i d e , o v o i d , o u t e r c o t y l e d o n 4 . 2 - 5 . 9 m m l o n g , 2 5 - 3 . 1 m m w i d e , s t r a i g h t , in n e r

cotyledon 3.9-5.5 mm long, 1.8-2.8 mm wide, straight.

Phenology. Collected in flower from May through February, in fruit from

June through April.

Distribution. Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador, Peru, Brazll, and Bolivia; along

river banks in lowland and floodplain forest, at forest edge, and in secondary

growth and capoeiras;

sea level to 1600 m.

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,st'.,*...,,,.,.,r.'""'"

i

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-7tr

F I G . 2 . S t i g m u p h v l l o n c a r d i o p h y l l u n t . a . F l o w e r i n g b r a n c h ( x 0 . . 5 ) . b. Detail of abaxial leaf s u r f a c c ( x 5 ) . c - f . L e a v e s il l u s t r a t i n g v a r i a t i o n o f l a m i n a r s h a p e ( x 0 . , 5 ) . g . P o s t e r i o r p e t a l ( x 2 . 5 ) . h . A n d r o e c i u m ( x 1 0 ) , s e c o n d s t a m e n f r o m l e f t o p p o s e s p o s t e r i o r p e t a l . i . G y n o e c i u m ( x 7 . - 5 ) . a n t e r i o r stylc at center. j. Samara (xl). k. Embryo (x2.-5). (Based on: a. b, f-i, Enc:arnaci1n 26052: c, Ancuash I134: d,Wo-v"tkowski 5954: c. Nee 36821: i,k. Foster 6506.)

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S . I I G M A P H Y L L O N IN T H E A M A Z O N R E G I O N

399

HuANrrco: Tingo Marfa, Asplund 12103 (S); Prov. Hu:inuco, Maranjillo, cerca a Tingo Maria. Ferreyra 2 1 9 6 ( M I C H ) ; 6 9 k m N E , o f - l ' i n g o M a r i a o n r d t o T o c a c h c , H u a l l a g a V a l l e y , c a . 0 9 " S , 7 6 " W , G e n t r y e t a t . 3 7 6 3 3 (M I C H ) . - J l r N i N : S a n i B e n i , W o y t k o w s k i 5 9 5 4 ( G H , M O . U S ) l M a z a m a r i , W o y t k o w s k i 5 9 7 9 ( M O , L J S ) ; S a n R a m 6 n , W o y t k o w s k i 7 4 1 2 ( G H . M O ) . L o R E r o : A l t o A m a z o n a s . D t t o . P a s t a -z a . R i o P a s t a -z a , A y a l a 2 2 9 5 ( A M A Z , M I C H ) ; C o r o n e l P o r t i l l o , T o u r n a v i s t a . m d r g e n i z q u i e r d a d e l R i o P a c h i t e a . E n t : a r n a c i 6 n 2 6 0 5 2 ( M O . N Y ) ; P r o v . C o r o n e l P o r t i l l o , B o s q u e N a c i o n a l d e v o n H u m -b o l d t , K m t l 6 , P u c a l l p a - T i n g o M a r i a r d , 0 8 " 4 0 ' S , 7 5 ' 0 0 ' W , G e n t r y & H o r n e r 2 9 1 8 1 ( A M A Z , M I C H ) ; M i s h u y a c u , n e a r I q u i t o s , K l u g 1 6 0 ( F , N Y , U S ) ; S t r o m g e b i e t d e s M a r a f l c i n v o n I q u i t o s a u f w z i r t s b i s z u r S a n t i a g o - M i i n d u n g a m P o n g o d e M a n s e r i c h e , 7 7 " 3 0 ' W , T e s s m a n 3 9 6 6 ( G , S ) ; P r o v . M a y n a s , I q u i t o s , Q u i s t a c o c h a , 0 3 ' 4 8 ' S , 7 3 " 2 5 ' W . V d s q t r e z & J a r a m i l l o 1 2 0 7 2 ( M I C H ) . - M n o n E o E D t o s : P r o v . ' f a m b o p a t a . L a g o T r c s C h i m b a d a s , c a . 6 5 r i v e r k m S S W o f P u e r t o M a l d o n a d o . c a . 1 0 - 1 5 a i r k m N W e f f l u e n c e R i o L a T o r r e ( R i o D ' O r b i g n y ) / R i o T a m b o p a t a , 1 2 " 4 9 S . 6 9 " 1 7 ' W , B a r b o u r 5 7 4 4 ( M I C H ) l P r o v . M a n u , P a r q u e N a c i o n a l d e l M a n u , R i o M a n u , C o c h a C a s h u S t a t i o n , 1 1 ' 5 0 ' S , 7 1 ' 2 5 ' W , F - o s t e r 6 5 0 6 ( F ) . 9 7 0 4 ( F , M I C H ) I s m a l l t r i b u t a r y o f R f o M a d r e d e D i o s , 1 k m b e l o w P u e r t o M a l d o -n a d o . G e -n t r l t e t a l . 1 9 6 5 4 ( F , M I C H ) . - S -n x M , c n r i N : P r o v . M a r i s c a l C 6 c e r e s , e n t r e P 6 l v o r a y C h i o t e , v a l l e H u a l l a g a . F e r r e v r a 4 4 6 4 ( M I C H , L J S ) ; P r o v . S a n M a r t i n , c e r c a d e S h a p a j a , F e r r e y r a 1 8 2 7 3 ( U S ) ; T a r a p o t o , U / e 6 1 - l S ( G , K , M G , N Y ) ; P o n a t o S a p o s o a , W o y t k o w s k i 5 4 4 2 ( F . M O ) . B r a z i l . A c R p : 9 k m f r o m R i o B r a n c o o n R i o B r a n c o - P o r t o A c r e r d , L o w r i e 6 4 6 ( I N P A , M I C H ) ; M p i o . S e r r a M a d u r e i r a . R i o C a e t 6 . a f l u e n t e d o R i o l a c o , R a o s e t a \ . 6 4 3 ( I N P A ) ; R i o J u r u i i - J u r u d M i r i m , U t e 5 5 9 3 ( G , M c ) . - A u n z o x R s : B 6 c a d o A c r e , P u r f s , G o e l d i 3 9 6 9 ( M G ) ; T o n a n t i n s ( S o l i m o e s ) , J o b e r t 7 6 1 ( P ) : M p i o . S d o P a u l o d e O l i v e n q a , n e a r P a l m a r e s , K r u k o f f 8 2 9 1 ( A , B R , F , G . L E ,

M I C H , M O , N Y . P . S . U ) . - M R n R N u A o : b e t w e e n V i a n a a n d B a n d e r a n t e , c a . 0 3 " 0 0 ' S , 4 5 " 1 0 ' W , D a l y e t a l . 6 1 8 ( N Y ) ; A l z i l A n d i a , R i o P i n d a r d , 0 3 ' 4 5 ' S , 4 6 " 0 5 ' W , la n g o u x & B a h i a 3 2 1 ( M I C H ) . - P n n A : A l e n q u e r , C o l 6 n i a L a u r o S o d r 6 , K m 1 5 , F r ( t e s 2 9 3 7 8 ( l A N ) ; I l h a d e M o s q u e i r o , n e a r P a r 6 , K i l l i p & S m i t h 3 0 3 9 4 ( N Y ) ; R d B R - 2 2 , C a p a n e m a t o M a r a n h 6 o , K m 9 6 , P r a n c e & P e n n i n g t o n l B 2 4 ( I A N . M I C H , N Y ) . B o l i v i a . B e N r : B o p i R i v e r v a l l e y , R u s b y - l S 5 ( K , M I C H , N Y , U S ) . - L I P n z : P r o v . S u d Y u n g a s , A l t o B e n i , c a r r e t e r a e n t r e P u e n t e S a p e c h o y S a n t a A n a , S e i d e l & S c h u l t e 2 3 0 1 ( M I C H ) I Prov. Nor Yungas, Alto Beni, camino del puente hacia San Antonio, Seidel & Schulte 2320 (MICH).-P n N n e : (MICH).-P r o v . M a n u r i p i . a n t e s d e I n d e p e n d e n c i a , M o r a e s 2 6 4 ( M I C H ) ; (MICH).-P r o v . M a n u r i p i . a l o n g R i o M a d r e d e D i o s . U 0 k m ( b y a i r ) d o w n s t r e a m f r o m a n d W o f C h i b e , l 1 ' 5 4 ' S , 6 8 " 0 2 ' W , N e e 3 1 5 2 5 (MICH)I Rio Acre, im Walde bei Cobija, Ille 9484 (G, K, MG).-S,+nrn Cnuz: Prov. Andr6s Ibiinez, 12 k m E o f c e n t e r o f S a n t a C r u z o n r d t o C o t o c a , 1 7 " 4 6 ' S , 6 3 ' 0 4 ' W , N e e 3 6 8 2 1 ( M I C H ) .

,

Stigmaphytlon cardiophyllum, a common species of the Amazonian lowlands,

is readily recognized by its very sparsely sericeous to usually glabrous leaves,

small flowers, and samaras.

The laminas are mostly ovate to elliptical (the smaller

narrowly so) and only sometimes cordate, as in the type. The limbs of the petals

are only up to 6.5 mm in diameter. The anthers are pubescent, and those opposite

the posterior-lateral sepals bear only one tiny locule (very rarely two). The samara

lacks lateral ornamentation. This species

may be confused with forms of S.

sinua-tum with abaxially very sparsely pubescent leaves, and, in eastern Brazll (Parii),

with S. convolvulifolium, whose leaves are also very sparsely sericeous to

gla-brous below. Both differ in their larger flowers (limbs of the petals up to 15 mm

in diameter), glabrous anthers (all with two locules), usually pubescent styles

(glabrous in S. cardiophytlum), and samaras that are usually laterally ornamented

with winglets, crests, and/or spurs. For a separation from S. argenteum, see that

s p e c i e s .

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400 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM

VOLUME 1 9

spur. Pollen of these anomalous specimens is mostly composed of misshapen,

heavy-walled grains. When placed in cotton blue in lactophenol, only 0-20% of

the pollen is stained; the grains that do stain are of unequal size. The following

collections are considered putative hybrids:

E c u a d o r . M o n o r u n - S n N r r A c o : _{a l r e d e d o r e s d e l p u e n t e s o b r e e l R f o B o m b i o z a , carretera}

Guala-quiza-Zamora cerca la Paroquia de Bombioza, M. Baker 6479 (MICH).-Nero: Estaci6n Bioldgica

J a t u n S a c h a , 8 k m a l e s t e d e M i s a h u a l l f , 0 1 " 0 4 ' S , 7 7 o 3 6 ' W , Cer6n M. 2038 (MICH); Payamino, R e s e r v a F l o r i s t i c a " E l C h u n c h o , " - 5 k m a l N W de Coca,00o30'S,77o01'W, Cer6n M. & Neilt 2367 ( M I C H ) ; v ( a P u e r t o N a p o - M i s a h u a l l f , Jaramillo 87 (AAU, NY, QCA); Rfo Napo between Coca ( P u e r t o F r a n c i s c o d e O r e l l a n a ) and Armenia Vieja, Harling & Andersson 11977 (GB, MICH); S a n t a R o s a a t R f o N a p o , L u g o 1 6 8 , 1 9 8 1 , 2 0 0 1 , 2 0 2 7 ( G B , MICH); Misahualli at Rio Napo, Lugo 2 2 7 3 ( G B , M I C H ) . - Z e v o n n - C u t N C H I p E : n e a r M6ndez, Camp E-853 (NY, US). Peru. ArrrnzoNAs: R f o C e n e p a , v i c i n i t y o f H u a m p a m i , c a . 5 k m E of Chiivez Valdfvia, ca. 04"30'5, 78'30 W, Ancuash 1 2 6 2 ( F , M r C H , M O ) .

The name Stigmaphyllon cardiophyllum has long been ignored, because most

later botanists did not see Jussieu's type and found his description not definitive

enough to assign this name with confidence. Collections of this species were often

left undetermined, assigned to S. convolvulifolium, or labeled with one of the

synonyms of S. sinuatum. Grisebach (1858) did recognize S. cardiophyllum and

correctly listed a Spruce collection with heart-shaped leaves from Bentham's

her-barium (Spruce 1644, K!); however, Niedenzu (1900) tentatively placed S.

cardio-phyllum in S. salzmannii Adr. Juss. Niedenzu later (1928) listed S. cardiophyttum

as a separate species but only quoted Jussieu's description from the Monographie

(1843) and cited Grisebach (1858). Macbride (1949) included S. cardiophyllum at

the species level in his account of the Malpighiaceae of Peru. He noted that

Williams 6883 was distributed as .S. cardiophyllum [correctly identified, F!], but

that it "is probably referable to S. tiliaefolium or allied form." He cited other

collections of S. cardiophyllum under other names, e.g., Tessmann 3412 (NY!)

and 3966 (G! S!) as S. convolvulifolium, and Klug 160 (Fl NY! US!) as S.

pube-rum. Examination of the Amazonian sericeous-leaved

species of Stigmaphyllon

and comparison with Jussieu's type revealed the distinctive species to which the

name S. cardiophyllum applies.

Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium Adr. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., s,i,r.2, 13 289.

1840.-TvpE: FReNcn GutaNn. Cayenne, Martin s.n. (lectotype,

designat-e d b y C . A n d designat-e r s o n , 1 9 8 7 :

P ! ) .

Stigmaphyllon latifolium Bentham, London J. Bot. 7: 728.1848.-TypE:

SuRr-N A M E .

_{H o s t m a n n 1 4 6 ( h o l o t y p e : K - h e r b . B e n t h a m ! , photo: MICH!;}

iso-t y p e s : B M ! G ! K - h e r b . H o o k e r ! NY-fragmeniso-t! P! U! W!).

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C . A N D E R S O N :

S T I G M A P H Y L L O N IN T H E A M A Z O N R E G I O N

4 0 1

long; peduncles0.T-2 times as long as the pedicels. Bracts 1-7.7 mm long,0.8-1.2

mm wide, triangular; bracteoles 1-1.5 mm long, 0.7-7.3 mm wide, oblong to ovate,

eglandular or each bracteole with a pair of inconspicuous glands (each 0.2-0.4

mm in diameter). Sepals 7.8-2.5 mm long and wide, glands I.2-\.9 mm long,

0.7-7.2 mm wide. All petals with the limbs orbicular, glabrous, suffused with red,

margin erose to denticulate-fimbriate, the teeth/fimbriae up to 0.2 mm long;

ante-rior-lateral petals: claw (1 .5-) 2-2.2 mm long, limb 11-12 mm long and wide;

p o s t e r i o r - l a t e r a l

p e t a l s : c l a w 1 - 1 . 5 ( - 1 . 7 ) m m l o n g , l i m b 8 - 1 0 ( - 1 1 ) m m l o n g a n d

wide; posterior petal: claw (3.2-) 2.5-3.5 mm long, apex indented, limb 6-8.5 mm

long and wide. Stamens unequal, those opposite the posterior styles the largest,

anthers of those opposite the anterior-lateral sepals with the connective enlarged

and the locules reduced or rarely with only 1 reduced locule or eloculate; anthers

usually all loculate, glabrous. Anterior style 2.8-3.3 mm long, shorter than the

posterior two, with scattered hairs in the proximal 113-ll2: apex 1.5-1.9 mm long

sometimes including a spur ca. 0.2 mm long; folioles variable, the larger folioles

0.9-1.5 mm long, 0.7-7.5 mm wide, parabolic to broadly lunate to subrectangular,

sometimes much smaller, ca. 0.6 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, broadly triangular.

Posterior styles 3.14 mm long, with scattered hairs in the proximal ll4-3l4,lyrate;

foliole 1.5-1.8 mm long, 1.6-2 mm wide, suborbicular to subsquare to trapezoidal.

Dorsal wing of samara 3.4-4.2 cm long, I.2-Z cm wide, upper margin with a blunt

tooth; nut bearing a pair of rectangular to semicircular to lunate, entire to grossly

dentate lateral winglets, these 3.5-6.5 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide, and often also

with a few spurs and crests up to 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide; nut 4.5-6.7 mm

h i g h , 3 . 5 - 4 . 3 m m i n d i a m e t e r , a r e o l e 3 . 3 - 3 . 5 m m l o n g , 2 ' 8 - 3 . 5 m m w i d e , c o n c a v e ,

carpophore up to 3 mm long. Embryo 6-6.7 mm long, ca.2 times as long as wide,

ovoid, outer cotyledon 9-10.2 mm long, ca.3.3 mm wide, the distal 1/3 folded over

t h e i n n e r c o t y l e d o n , in n e r c o t y l e d o n 6 . 6 - 1 .3 m m l o n g ,2 . 8 - 3 . 1 m m w i d e , f o l d e d a t

t h e d i s t a l 1 1 4 - 1 1 3 .

Phenology. Collected in flower and fruit throughout the year.

Distribution. In moist forest, along rivers, and also in secondary growth and

a l o n g r o a d s i d e s ; G u y a n a , S u r i n a m e , F r e n c h G u i a n a , a n d n o r t h e a s t e r n B r a z i l

(Amapri and eastern Par6), also recorded from Martinique and Trinidad; sea level

to 300 m.

R e p R p s E N - r n r . r v e S p r . c ' r v n N s . M a r t i n i q u e . M a r i g o t , S t e . M a r i e , D u s s 1 4 7 3 ( N Y ) . T e r r a s s o n s . n . i n 1 7 9 6 ( P - J U ) . T r i n i d a d . M a r a c a s . B r o a t l w a y 8 0 5 2 ( A , B M , M O , S ) ; N E o f P o i n t F o r t i n ' D a v i d s e 2 5 7 8 ( F , G H , M O , N Y ) .

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402 _{C O N T R . U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N HERBARIUM}

V O L U M E 1 9

Akattis Alasuka. Ha.raire 566 (CAy); Comt6, entre Rodre Fondd er Belizon, Okleman tl49 (MICH): H a u t O y a p o c k , environ 2500 avant I'embouchure de la rividre Eurupoucigne. oldeman B32Bg ( M I C H ) ; e n t r e Cabassou et Degrad des Cannes, ile cle Cayenne, pr|vost 1257 (CAy, MICH); r i v i d r e I n i n i ' a f f l u e n t du Moyen-Maroni (Lawa), en amont de Maripasoula, Sas/re et at.39g6 (CAy, M I C H , P ) ; S i n n a m a r y , ro u t e d e S t e . E l i e , K m 1 7 , s a s r r e _{e t a l . 4 t 9 9 ( M I C H , p ) ; f l e u v c A p p r o u a g u e ,} p r d s d e R 6 g i n a , Sustre 1BI3 (CAY, MICH); montagnes de Kaw, auberge de Brousse des Cascades, 0 4 " 3 - 5 ' N , _{5 2 1 7 ' w , W e i t z m a n 272 (MICH). Brazil. PnnA: Obidos, Rio Paru cle Oeste, Cavalcante B0t} ( M G ) ; G u r u p i i , Rio Amazon. Killip & Smith 30594 (Ny); Jari, cstrada do Munguba, N. T. Sitva 2 1 - l B ( l A N ' M I C H ) . - A n a n p A : Rio Amapari. Serra do Navio, Cowan 38206 (MICH. Ny); Rio Jari, 0 . - 5 - 3 k m S o f S a n t o Antonio da Cachoeira, 00'-5-5'S, 5 2 ' . 5 - 5 ' W , _{E g t e r & I r w i n 4 6 0 6 6 (M I C H . Ny.} U B ) ; c o n f l u e n c e o f R i o Iane with Rio Oiapoque,02'53 N. 52"22'w, Egler & pires 1777t (MICH, N Y ) ; M p i o . M a z a g d o , B R - 1 5 6 , B l k m w S W o f M a c a p d , c a . 1 1 km SW of Rio preto.00.0g'S. - 5 1 ' 4 8 ' w . M o r i & Cardoso t74,12 (MICH); Mpio. Calgoene. BR-156, 53-72 km WSW of Calqocne. c a . 0 2 " 3 3 - 3 u ' N , 5 1 ' 1 6 ' W , _{R a b e l o e t a t . 2 9 6 4 ( M I C H ) ; R i o A r a g u a r i , b e r w e e n 0 1 . 0 2 N , - 5 1 . 4 5 ' W}

a n d 0 0 ' 5 7 ' N . - 5 1 " 2 9 _{w , P i r e s e t a l . 5 0 9 0 7 ( I A N , M G , M I C H , N y ) ; b e t w e e n R i o s cuiubim and Flecha.} 0 1 ' 4 - 5 ' N , _{- 5 0 ' 5 8 ' W . P i r e s & Cavalcante 52435 (lAN, MG. MICH, Ny).}

Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolum is distinguished by its ovate to cordate leaves.

whose lower surfaces are glabrate to glabrous but often very sparsely and minutely

sericeous below (appearing glabrous to the naked eye); the sessile hairs are onl;

0 . 1 ( - 0 . 2 ) m m long. Only the stamens opposite the anterior-lateral sepals hau!

enlarged connectives and reduced locules, and the styles are pubescent in the

basal f 14-314.

_{The petals. especially the flag, are usually suffused with red. This}

species is most likely to be confused with the widely distributed and extremely

variable S. sinuatum and in eastern Brazil (Parrl) with S. cardiophyltum (see thit

species); S. convolvulifolium and S. argenteum are not sympatric . Stigmaphytton

convolvulifolium and S. sinuatum are similar in many aspects but can always be

separated by the nature of the pubescence on the abaxial leaf surface. In the

range of S. convolvulifolium, the common form of S. sinuatum has the leaves

densely silver-sericeous

_{below. A variant in French Guiana and in Amazonian}

Brazll has the leaves less abundantly pubescent abaxially though never as sparsely

as in s. convolvulifolium; the hairs are (0.2-) 0.3-0.5 (-0.7) mm long.

The epithet "convolvulifolium" is often ascribed to Cavanilles, who published

Banisteria convolvulifolia in 1790; however, Cavanilles cited Linnaeus's earlier

Banisteria dichotoma f=5s;fmaphyllon dichotomum (L.) Griseb.] in synonymy.

Jussieu (1840) intended to make the combination in Stigmaphyllon, but because

Cavanilles's name was superfluous, the name Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium dates

from Jussieu's publication. The lectotype is a Martin collection, annotated bv

J u s s i e u ,

t h a t m a t c h e s

J u s s i e u ' s

d e s c r i p t i o n .

stigmaphyllon sinuatum (DC.) Adr. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., s6,r. 2, l3: 2gg.

1840. Banisteria sinuata DC., Prodr. 1: 588. 1824. Stigmaphyllon hastatum

v a r . B sinuatum (DC.) Nied., Ind. Lect. Lyc. Brunsberg. p. aest. lg00:24.

1900.

_{Stigmaphyllon sagittatum var. B sinuatum (DC.) Nied., Pflanzenreich}

I V . l a I Q ) : 5 0 6 . I928.-TvpE: FnENcH

G u r a N n . P e r r o t t e t

s . n . ( h o l o t y p e :

G-D C ! , m i c r o f i c h e : MICH!, photos: F! GH! MICH! Ny!).

F i g . 3 .

Banisteria heterophylla willdenow, Sp. pr. 2: 742. 1799, non stigmaphylb,

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l 993

C . A N D E R S O N : S T I G M A P H Y L L O N I N T H E A M A Z O N R E G I O N

403 Stigmaphyllon

martianum

Adr. Juss.,

Ann. Sci.

Nat. Bot.,

s6r.2,13:.289.1840.-TypE: Bnnztl. Amazdnas:

"in sylvis Japurensibus,"

Dec, Martiw s.n.

(holo-type: M!, photos: F! GH! MICH! NY!).

Stigmaphytton richardianum Adr. Juss., Ann. Sci.

1840.-TvpE: FRE,Ncu

GulnNn. Cayenne, July'

f r a g m e n t : P - J U ! , p h o t o s : F ! M I C H ! ) .

Stigmaphyllon hypoleucum Mrquel, Linnaea 18: 51. 1844.

"ad fluv. Boven Cottica, in sylva," Oct 1842, Focke 683

Stigmaphyllon purpureum Bentham, London J. Bot.7: 128.

nNn. Picarara, Robt. Schomburgk, lst coll.737 (holotype:

-TvpE:

_SuRtNnrulE.

(holotype:

U!).

1848.-TYpE:

Guv-K!, photo:

MICH!;

i s o t y p e s :

G ! P ! W ! ) .

Stigmaphylton brachiatum'friana & Planchon, Fl. Novo-Gran. in Ann. Sci.

Soc. Nat. Bot., s6r. 4, 18: 316. 1842.-TvpE: ColoMBIA. Meta:

Villavicenc i o , 4 5 0 m . T r i a n a s . n . ( h o l o t y p e : P ! , p h o t o s : F ! G H ! M I C H ! M O ! ; i s o

-t y p e s :

C O L ! G ! ) .

Stigmaphyllon monancistrum Niedenzu, Ind. Lect. Lyc. Brunsberg. p. hiem.

1899-1900: 9. 1899.-Typp: "Colombia" [VeNEzuEr-n].

Aragua: Maracay,

ad rivulis in crepidis, Moritz 779 (lectotype, here designated: LE!;

frag-m e n t o f B d u p l i c a t e :

N Y ! ) .

Vine to 30 m. Laminas 6-2I cm long, 4.510 cm wide, triangular to ovate to

cordate to elliptical to broadly so to orbicular to oblate to reniform, apex mucronate

to emarginate-mucronate

to short-acuminate, base acute to truncate to cordate to

deeply auriculate, very sparsely sericeous

to glabrous above, sparsely sericeous to

deniely silver-sericeous

below [trabecula (0.2-) 0.3-0.5 (-0.7) mm long, straight,

mostly sessile but sometimes with a tiny stalk up to 0.1 mm long, especially if

vesture is very dense], margin grossly and shallowly crenate to subentire and with

irregularly spaced sessile glands (0.4-1.5 mm in diameter) at the sinuses and

sometimes also with filiform glands (up to 1.5 mm long), with a pair of prominent

but sessile glands at the apex of the petiole, each gland 1-3.5 mm in diameter;

p e t i o l e s 1 . 8 - 1 3 c m l o n g ; s t i p u l e s 0 . 5 - 1 . 3 m m l o n g , 0 . 5 - 1 . 5 m m w i d e , e g l a n d u l a r .

Flowers ca. 15-35 (-40) per pseudoraceme,

these sometimes interrupted, borne in

compound dichasia or small thyrses. Peduncles 1.5-11 mm long, pedicels 3-9.5

mm long; peduncles 0.4-1.5 times as long as the pedicels. Bracts 0.7-2 mm long,

0 . 5 - 1 . 4 m m w i d e , t r i a n g u l a r o r n a r r o w l y s o ; b r a c t e o l e s

0 . 9 - 1 . 6 m m l o n g , 0 . 1 - 1 . 3

mm wide, triangular to parabolic to ovate, eglandular or more commonly each

bracteole with a pair of inconspicuous glands (each 0.1-0.5 mm in diameter) or

sometimes only with a glandular area in the basal ll3-112. Sepals 7.5-2.5 (-3) mm

long, 1.5_2.5 (-3) mm wide, glands (1-) I.2-2.2 mm lon$, 0.8-1.3 mm wide. All

petals glabrous or sometimes pubescent abaxially, yellow or suffused with red,

margin erose to erose-denticulate

to denticulate, teeth up to 0.3 mm long, lateral

petals with the limbs orbicular; anterior-lateral petals: claw (1-) 1.5-2.5 mm long,

limb (8-) 10-15 mm long and wide, posterior-lateral petals: claw (0.5-) 0.8-2 mm

long, limb (7-) g-13 mm long and wide, posterior petal: claw 2.6-3.5 (-4) mm

long, apex indented, limb (5-) 7-11 mm long and wide, broadly elliptical to broadly

obovate to orbicular. Stamens unequal, those opposite the anterior style and/or

t h e p o s t e r i o r s t y l e s t h e l a r g e s t , a n t h e r s o f t h o s e o p p o s i t e t h e a n t e r i o r - l a t e r a l

sepals with the connective enlarged and the locules reduced or sometimes with

only 1 locule or rarely eloculate; anthers glabrous. Anterior style (2.G) 3.21(-4.8)

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404 _{C O N T R . U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N HERBARIUM}

V O L U M E 1 9

F I G ' 3 . S t i g m a p h y l l o n sinuatunr. a. Fruiting branch (x0.5). b. Flower (x2.-5). c. Flower with p e t a l s r e m o v e d ( x - 5 ) ; anterior sepal at right. d. Portion of androecium (x-5); stamen at left opposite p o s t e r i o r p e t a l . e. Flower with petals and androecium removed (x5); anterior style in center. f. Fruit w i t h t w o s a m a r a s (x 0 . 7 5 ) . (Based on Wurd.ack 34434.)

-1 .*r_

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1993

405 mm long, shorter than or subequal to the posterior two. glabrous or commonly

w i t h a r o w o f h a i r s a d a x i a l l y in t h e p r o x i m a l 1 1 5 - 2 1 3 :

a p e x ( 1 . 1 - ) 1 . 4 - 2 . 6

m m l o n g ,

often including a spur 0.1-0.5 mm long, each foliole 0.1-1.9 mm long, 0.G1 .9 (-2.1)

mm wide, triangular to parabolic to subrectangular or folioles absent and the

a p e x e x t e n d e d in t o a c l a w 0 . 7 - 1 . 3 m m l o n g . P o s t e r i o r s t y l e s ( 2 . 8 - ) 3 - 4 . 5 ( - 5 . 2 )

mm long, glabrous or commonly with a row of hairs adaxially in the proximal

1/4-T 1 2 , l y r a t e ;

f o l i o l e 1 - 2 . 2 m m l o n g , ( 0 . 8 - ) L 2 - 2 . 3 m m w i d e , s u b s q u a r e

t o s u b o r b i c u

-lar or sometimes parabolic or rectangu-lar. Dorsal wing of samara 3.5-5.5 cm long,

1 - 1 . 8 c m w i d e , u p p e r m a r g i n w i t h a b l u n t t o o t h ; n u t s m o o t h o r b e a r i n g 1 - 3

s u b c n t i r e to c o a r s e l y to o t h e d t o l a c e r a t e la t e r a l w i n g l e t s , th e s e u p t o 6 m m l o n g

a n d 3 . 5 m m w i d e . a n d / o r s p u r s a n d c r e s t s u p t o c a . 2 m m l o n g a n d w i d e ; n u t 4 . 5 - 7

m m h i g h , 2 . 8 * 4 . 4 m m i n d i a m e t e r , a r e o l e 2 . 3 4 m m l o n g , 2 . 5 4 . 5 m m w i d e , c o n

-c a v e , -c a r p o p h o r e u p t o 5 m m l o n g . E m b r y o 5 . 1 - 6 . 8 m m l o n g , -c a . 1 . 5 - 2 t i m e s a s

l o n g a s w i d e , o v o i d , o u t e r c o t y l e d o n ( 4 . 1 - ) 5 . 4 - 8 . 5 m m l o n g , 2 . 5 * 4 . 2 m m w i d e ,

s t r a i g h t o r t h c d i s t a l l l 5 3 1 5 f o l d e d o v e r t h e i n n e r c o t y l e d o n , in n e r c o t y l e d o n 4

-6 . 3 m m l o n g , 2 . 2 - 4 m m w i d e , s t r a i g h t o r f o l d e d a t t h e d i s t a l l l 4 - 2 1 3 .

Phenology. Collected in flower and fruit throughout the year.

D i s t r i b u t i o n . C o m m o n i n t h e l o w l a n d s o f C o l o m b i a , V e n e z u e l a ,

t h e G u i a n a s ,

northern Brazil, Ecuador, northern Peru, and Amazonian Bolivia; in primary and

s e c o n d a r y fo r e s t , e s p e c i a l l y

w e t f o r e s t b u t a l s o i n w h i t e s a n d v e g e t a t i o n , a l o n g

r i v e r s . a t r o a d s i d e s .

i n t h i c k e t s : s e a le v e l t o 1 0 0 0 m .

R r , p n r , s r . N l R ' l r v n S p r . r ' r v r - . x s ( a n t e r i o r s t y l e f o l i o l a t e ) . C o l o m b i a : A v n z o r n s : c a . 6 k m W o f L e t i c i a a t S a n t a I s a b c l l a , 0 4 ' 1 0 ' S , 6 9 " 5 8 ' W . G i l l e t t & D i c k e n s o n 1 6 5 2 1 ( C O L , M O ) ; A r a r a c u a r a , n e a r R i o C a q u e t i { . M a g u i r e e t o 1 . 4 4 1 4 2 ( M I C H . N Y ) l L e t i c i a . c a . 1 k m N E o f t o w n . P l o w m a n e t a l . 2 2 9 1 ( E C O N . F . G H . N Y ) ; L e t i c i a , S c h u l t e s 8 2 2 2 ( C O L , G H ) V e n e z u e l a . A H r n z - o x n s : D e p t . R i o N e g r o , a l o n g R i o M a r a w i n u m a , v i c i n i t y o f C c r r o d e l a N e b l i n a b a s e c a m p , c a . 0 0 ' 5 0 N , 6 6 " 0 9 ' W , L i e s n e r 1 5 9 6 6 (M I C H ) . N e e - 1 0 8 8 0 ( M I C H ) : T a m a t a m a , L l . W i l l i a n t s 1 5 2 1 7 (F , N Y , U S ) . W u r d a c k & A d t l e r l e v 4 3 6 4 1 ( F , M I C H , N Y . U ) . A x z o A n , < ; u t : a l o n g R i o Q u e r e c u a l . S W o f B e r g a n t i n . S t e y e r -m a r k 6 1 5 0 6 ( F . N Y . V E N ) . - A n A ( ; u A : R a n c h o G r a n d c , B a d i l l o 1 7 9 - l ( M Y ) . - B , q n r r a s : A l l a -m i r a . C L r r r t t n M 6 1 9 ( N Y ) . B o r . i v R n : N E d e C a n a i m a . S d e C e r r o V e n a d o . c a . 0 6 ' 1 6 ' N , 6 2 ' 4 6 ' W . A g o s t i -n i 2 9 9 ( U S ) ; C i u d a d B o l f v a r , M a q u a -n t a R i v e r , c a . 0 8 ' 1 0 ' N . B a i l e l - t& B a i l e l t l4 l l ( 4 . N Y ) : C a l z e t a e n l a B o t c l l a , R f o C u y u n i . B e r n a r d i 6 4 9 7 ( M E R , N Y ) ; a 4 8 k m N E d e l c a s e r i o L o s R o s o s , e s t e r i l t i m o a 1 7 k m d e U p a t a , s o b r e l a c a r r e t e r a n u e v a U p a t a - S a n F 6 l i x . B l a n c : o 4 - 1 4 (M E R . M O , N Y , U S ) ; d i s t . C c d c f l o . 6 k m f r o m M a n i a p u r e t o w a r d C a i c a r a , 0 6 " 5 5 ' N , 6 6 " 3 0 ' W . B o o n t & G r i l b 6 4 8 7 ( M I C H ) ; M p i o . R a f l L c 6 n , R f o P a r a g u a , 0 4 o l B ' N , 6 2 " 0 - 5 ' W , D e l g u d o 1 0 1 ( M I C H ) ; K m 1 0 5 - 1 1 2 d e l a c a r r e t e r a E l D o r a d o - S t a . E l e n a , M o r i l l o e t a l . 2 9 3 2 ( M I C H ) ; M p i o . P i a r , c a m i n o d e s d e E l P l o m o a S t a . B a r b a r a , 0 6 ' 4 . 5 3 0 " N . 6 2 ' 4 f J ' W , P i c 6 n N a v a l 5 B B ( M I C H ) ; U r u y d n , A u y a n t e p u i . S c h n e e 1 4 3 7 ( M Y ) ; a l r c d c d o r e s d c ' l ' u m c r e m o , c a m i n o T u m e r c m o - B o c h i n c h e , c n t r e P u e s t o ( G N ) C o r u m o y C a f l o M a t u c o d c l R i o N c g r o , S t e r g i o s e t a l . 3 5 6 - 1 ( M I C H ) ; S i e r r a I m a t a c a . a l o n g R f o R c f o r m a . 1 k m a b o v e j u n c t i o n w i t h R f o T o r o , S t e y e r m u r k 8 7 9 1 7 ( M I C H , N Y . L l . U S ) l a c e r c a n d o s e a l a s c a b e c e r a s d e l R f o N i c h a r e ( a f f l u c n t e d c l R i o C a u r a ) e n l a d i r e c c i 5 n d e l a S i e r r a M a i g n a l i d a y S i e r r a C e r v a -t a n a , a r r i b a d e l a d e s e m b o c a d u r a c o n e l R i o C i c u -t a ( I c u -t a ) , 0 6 " 1 - 5 N , 6 5 ' 0 5 W , S -t e y e r m a r k & G i b s o n 9 5 7 3 6 ( N Y , U S ) l L a P r i s i 6 n , M e d i o C a u r a , L l . W i l l i a m s l l 5 3 9 a ( F ) ; E l P a l m a r . L l . W i l l i a m . s 1 2 9 1 9 ( A , F , * , S ) ' a l o n g F u n d a c i 6 n r d , W u r d a c k 3 4 4 3 1 ( N Y ) . - D E l r a A v R c ' u R O : n e a r b o r d e r ( = R f o G r a n d e o T o r o ) b e t w e e n E s t a d o B o l f v a r a n d T e r r . D e l t a A m a c u r o , c a . 0 8 ' 0 4 ' N , 6 l ' 4 4 ' W , B r e t e l e r - 1 7 5 7 ( M E R , V E N , N Y , U , U S ) l D e p t o . T u c u p i t a , c a . 1 3 k m b y r d E S E o f t h e t o w n o f S i e r r a I m a t a , 08'32 N. 62"23'W, Davidse & Gonzdlez 16623 (MIC.H, MO)ldownstream from San Victor, Rfo

Amacu-ro, Sierra Imataca, Steyermark 87299 (G, NY, P).-MrnaNtx: dist. Paez, Cerro Riber6n between Rfo

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406 C O N T R . U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E R B A R I U M

V O L U M E 1 9

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-I 993

C . A N D E R S O N :

S T I G M A P H Y L L O N IN T H E A M A Z O N R E G I O N

407

t i o n , H i l l e t a l . l - i | 5 2 ( J B S D , M I C H , T E X ) : M a n a u s . R u a D u q u e d e C a x i a s , M a a s & M a a s 362 ( l N P A , U ) ; c a a t i n g a d o P o r t o Camanaus, Madison et al. PFE 414 (INPA); basin of Rio Demcni, v i c i n i t y o f T o t o t o b i , P r a n c e e t a l . 1 0 3 5 5 ( l N P A , M G , M I C H , N Y , U ) ; M a n a u s . I N P A . e s t r a d a d o A f e i x a . K m 3 . P r a n c e & R a m o s 2 0 9 2 2 ( I N P A , M I C H , M O , N Y , L J ) ; v i c . o f P i c o R o n d o n , P e r i m e n t a l N o r r c . K m 2 1 1 - 2 2 0 . 0 1 " 3 2 N , 6 2 ' 4 t l ' W , P r a n c e e t a l . 2 B B 2 1 (M I C H ) , R o d r i g u e s e t a l . 1 0 5 8 4 ( M I C H ) ; S a n t o A n t o n i o d o l q a . p . V i l a M i l i t a r , M . S i l v a 2 l l 2 ( M G ) ; F o n t e B o a , M . S i l v a 2 l 8 3 ( M G ) ; B a r r a [ = M a n a u s l , S p r u c e l 8 B 0 ( G . G H , L E , M , M G ) l M p i o . H u m a i t d , e s t r a d a H u m a i t i i - L i i b r e a , K m - 5 9 , a 3 k m a o N , T e i r e i r a e t a l . 9 8 0 ( l N P A , M I C H ) ; M p i o . H u m a i t d , e s t r a d a H u m a i t i i - J a c a r e c a n g a . K m 1 5 0 . a 6 3 k m a o S , T e i x e i r a e t a l . 1 3 4 0 ( I N P A , M I C H ) . - M a n n N u A o : M p i o . M o n q 5 o , b a s i n o f t h e R i o T u r i a q u , K i i a p o r I n d i a n R e s e r v e , B a l i e 8 8 6 ( N Y ) ; c a . 5 0 k m f r o m S a n t a L u z i a o n H w y to AqailAn-d i a , 0 4 " 0 5 ' S . 4 5 ' - 5 7 W , D a l v e t a l . D 7 - 1 6 (M I C H ) ; R i o A l t o T u r i a q u , B a r r a n q u i n h a . 0 3 ' 0 0 ' S , 4 - 5 ' 4 _ 5 ' W , J a n g o u x & B a h i a l 6 l ( M G . N Y ) ; m a r g e n d o R i o C u r u r u p u , L i s b o a 4 7 ( P . B , S P ) l K m 3 7 5 - 3 8 0 da r o d o v i a B e l d m - B r a s i l i a . O l i v e i r a 1 0 7 2 ( f A N , U B ) . - P n n A : B e l t e r r a . B l a c k 4 T - 1 6 6 0 ( l A N ) : A l t a m i r a . K m 7 4 d a e s t r a d a T r a n s a m a z d n i c a l t a i t u b a , C a v a l c a n t e & M . S i l v a 2 7 8 0 ( M G ) ; M p i o . Oriximinii. R i o T r o m b e t a s , L a g o d e M a t e n s , 1 9 k m S d e P 6 r t o T r o m b e t a s , Cid et al. 1793 (INPA, MG, MICH)i J a c a r a c d I s l a n d . t l a C o s t a I a 9 $), ca.70 km from Tucuruf, ca. 04'll'S. 49"04'W, Daly et al. 1435 ( I N P A , M I C H ) ; b o c a d o L a g o de Faro, Ducke 88677 (MG); 4-5 km W of Sao Francisco do Pard t o w a r d C a s t a n h a l . G e n t r l t I 1 1 6 6 (I N P A , M I C H , M O , N Y ) ; d i s t . A c a r i i , T h o m 6 A s s r i , P a u V e r m e l -h o , M e x i a 5 9 2 6 ( A . F . G . G B , G H , M I C H . M O , N Y . S . U . W I S ) ; B e l 6 m , -h o r t a d o I A N . M r r r g a P i r e s & B l a c k a 0 - 1 (G H ) : M p i o . A l m e i r i m , M o n t e D o u r a d o , e s t r a d a M T D , W e m d i r e g d o d m i n a d e b a u x i t a , M u r s a P i r e s e t a \ . 6 2 0 ( M I C H ) ; B R - 1 6 3 , K m 1 1 3 1 , C i u a b i i - S a n t a r 6 m h i g h w a y , v i c i n i t y o f I g a r a p 6 N a t a l , P r a n c e P 2 5 4 2 7 ( M G , M I C H ) ; B e l 6 m , t e r r e n o d a E M B R A P A , R a m o s & R o s d r i o I 4 ( M G ) ; O u r 6 m . R o d r i g u e s 1 0 2 1 ( . | l 4 G ) ; T u c u r u f , m a r g e m d i r e i t a d o R i o T o c a n t i n s , Rosdrio 9J (MG. N Y ) : M p i o . A l m e i r i m . M o n t e D o u r a d o , S a n t o s a - 1 7 (N Y ) ; S a n t a r d m , K m 7 0 d a e s t r a d a d o P a l h d o , a r r e d o r c s d o A c a m p a m e n t o d o I g a r a p d G u a r a n i i , M . S i l v a & R . S o u z a 2 5 2 2 ( M I C H , N Y . U ) . M . S i l v a & R . S o u z a 2 5 2 2 ( C A S , C M , M G , M I C H , N y ) ' 7 - 1 1 k m N W o f A M Z A c a m p 3 - A l f a o n r d t o c a m p 4 - A l i a , 0 5 ' 4 7 ' S , , 5 0 ' 3 4 ' W , S p e r l i n g 6 0 5 7 ( } / I C H ) ; S a n t a r 6 m , S p r u c e 7 6 7 ( G , G H , G O E T , M , N Y . W ) l M a c a u a i r s t r i p . I l / 2 h r s u p s t r e a m f r o m L a g e i r a a i r s t r i p , 0 5 ' 5 . 5 ' S , - 5 4 ' 2 6 ' W . S t r u d w i c k & S o b e l 3 4 7 4 {MICH); Taperinha bei Santardm, Zernv 589 (W).-RoruooNrn: Pdrto Velho-Cuiabd h w y . 2 - 5 k m S o f N o v a V i d a , F o r e r o & W r i g l e y 7 0 B 4 ( I N P A , M G , M I C H , N Y ) ; b a s i n o f the Rio M a d e i r a . c e r r a d o b c t w e e n J a c i p a r a n i i a n d R i o M a d e i r a , P r a n c e e t a l . 5 1 8 0 ( I N P A , M G , M I C H , N Y ) ; K m 1 6 6 - 1 6 9 , M a d e i r a - M a m o r 6 r a i l r o a d n e a r M u t u m p a r a n d , P r a n c e e t a l . 5 6 9 0 ( I N P A , M G , M I C H , N Y ) l f o o t h i l l s o f S c r r a d o s P a c a : i s N o v o s , 1 2 k m N N E o f G u a j a r i i - M i r i m , P r a n c e e t a l . 6658 ( F . I N P A . M I C H . N Y ) ; P 6 r t o V e l h o - C u i a b i i h w y , v i c i n i t y o f S a n t a B a r b a r a , 1 5 k m E o f K m 1 1 7 , R a m o s & P r a n c e 6 9 0 5 ( I N P A , M I C H , N Y ) : P 6 r t o V e l h o . R e p r e s a S a m u e l , 0 8 ' 5 5 ' S . 6 3 " 1 6 ' W , T h o -m a s e t a \ . 4 9 4 9 , 5 0 J 4 ( M I C H ) . - R o n n r v a , : A r i t u -m 5 r e g i o n . o n a n a z i -m u t h o f 0 1 l o f r o -m B o a V i s t a a t a d i s t a n c e o f 2 1 0 k m , C o r a d i n & C o r d e i r o 9 4 3 ( I N P A , M I C H , N Y ) ; S E M A E c o l o g i c a l R e s e r v e , Il h a d e M a r a c i i , 0 3 ' 2 1 ' N . 6 1 " 2 J ' W , M i l l i k e n M 7 9 2 ( M I C H ) ; C a n t o G a l o , R i o M u c a j a f , b e t w c c n P r a t i n h a a n d R i o A p i a r i , P r a n c e e t a l . 3 9 6 4 ( I N P A , M G , M I C H , N Y , U ) : S e r r a T e p e q u e m , P r a n c e e t al. 41-17 ( I N P A , M G . M I C H , N Y . U ) ; v i c i n i t y o f U a i c i l a i r s t r i p , R i o U r a r i c o e i r a , 0 3 ' 3 3 ' N , 6 3 " 1 1 ' W , P r a n c e e t a l . 1 0 9 0 9 ( I N P A , M G . M I C H . N Y . U ) ; M p i o . C a r a c a r a f , e s t r a d a M a n a u s - C a r a c a r a f , K m 5 2 9 - 5 5 0 . d o s S a n t o s & C o | h o 7 0 0 ( I N P A , M I C H ) ; e s t r a d a M a n a u s - C a r a c a r a i . B R - 1 7 4 , K m 3 2 9 , a r m y p o s t N o f W a i m a r i - A t o a r i I n d i a n R e s e r v e , S t e w a r d e t a l . 9 ( M I C H ) ; R i o S u r u m u , a n e i n e m B a c h c d e r Serra d o M e l , U l e B l 8 5 ( M G ) B o l i v i a . B e r u r : V a c a D i e z , 3 k m E o f R i b e r a l t a o n r d t o G u a y a r a m e r i n , 1 1 " 0 0 ' S . 6 6 ' 0 5 ' W . S o l o m o n 7 6 8 2 ( l d I C H ) . P e r u . H u A N u c r o : P r o v . L e o n c i o P r a d o , M o e n a . cerca a T i n g o M a r i a , W o y t k o w s k i l l 8 7 ( M I C H ) ; S a n t a - f e r e z a , v a l l e d e l H u a l l a g a , W o y t k o w s k i 1 2 3 2 ( E C O N ) . - L < t n e r o : P r o v . C o r o n e l P o r t i l l o , P a m p a de Sacramento, cerca Pucallpa, Ferreyra H. ll84 ( G H , M I C H , U S ) ; P r o v . A l t o A m a z o n a s , e n t r e Y u r i m a g u a s y Chambira, Ferreyra H.4897 (MICH, U S ) ; P r o v . C o r o n e l P o r t i l l o , o n R i o A g u a y t i a , 0 8 ' 5 0 ' S , 7 5 " 2 0 ' W , F o s b e r g 2 8 8 7 5 (M O ) ; B a l s a p u e r t o . K l u g 3 0 7 5 ( A , B M , F , G , K . M O , N Y , S , U S ) ; P r o v . U c a y a l i , C a n c h a h u a y o ( R i o Ucayali), 07"05'S, 7 5 ' 1 0 ' W , V d s q u e z e t a l . 6 9 7 0 ( M O ) ; M a r i s c a l C a s t i l l a , C a b a l l o c o c h a , 0 3 ' - 5 5 ' S , 7 0 ' 3 0 ' W , V d s q u e z & J a r a m i l l o 9 J l 9 ( M I C H ) . - S n N M a n r i N : c a . 1 0 k m N E o f T a r a p o t o . Gentrv et al. 37915 (MICH); San M a r t f n , - 5 - 1 - 5 k m E o f S h a p a j a o n r d t o C h a z u t a , 0 6 " 3 6 ' S , 7 6 ' 1 0 ' W , K n a p p & M a l l e t 7 0 2 6 ( M I C H ) ; Prov. Mariscal Caceres, Dtto. Uchizo, en la carretera a Rio Uchizo 2 km del caserio Nuevo Progreso, S c h u n k e V . 3 2 1 9 ( C O L , F , G , N Y , U S ) ; P r o v . M a r i s c a l C a c e r e s , D t t o . T o c a c h e N u e v o . Quebrada Luis Siilas (5 km NE de Puerto Pizana), Schunke V. 6578 (GH, MO).

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408 C O N T R . U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E R B A R I U M

V O L U M E 1 9

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l 993

a f f l u c n t d u R f o P u t u m a y o , R i o P u t u m a y o , B a r r i e r 4 4 1 ( A M A Z , M I C H ) I c e r c a d e Z u n g a r o . C o c h a . 1 - 5 k m S W d e l q u i t o s , D o d s o n 2 8 0 9 ( M O , S E L , U S ) ; N a u t a , R i o M a r a f r 6 n a b o v e m o u t h o f R i o U c a y a l i , 0 4 " 3 0 ' S , 7 3 ' 3 0 ' W , G e n t r l t e t a l . 2 9 9 6 8 ( A M A Z , M I C H ) ; M a y n a s . Q u e b r a d a S u c u r s a r i , R i o N a p o , 0 3 " 1 5 ' S . 7 2 ' 5 5 ' W , G e n t r v e t a l . 1 2 6 7 3 ( M I C H ) ; M i s h u y a c u . n e a r I q u i t o s , K l u g l 1 . l ( F , N Y , U S ) ; P r o v . L o r e t o . P a m p a H e r m o s a a n d v i c i n i t y , R i o C o r r i e n t e s , 1 k m S o f j u n c t i o n w i t h R f o M a c u s a r f , 0 3 ' 1 5 ' S . 7 2 " - 5 0 ' W , L e w i s e t a l . 1 0 6 5 1 ( M O ) ; M a y n a s , I q u i t o s , Q u i s t a C o c h a , M c D a n i e l t 0 9 0 7 ( F . M O ) ; R c q u c n a , R f o T e p i c h e , S a n t a E l e n a , M c D a n i e l & M a r c o s 1 1 2 6 3 ( F , M O ) l S a n t a A n a o n t h e R f o N a n a v . L l . W i l l i a m s 1 2 2 5 ( F . U S ) .

Stigmaphyllon sinuatum is a common and polymorphic species of the

low-l a n d s o f n o r t h e r n S o u t h A m e r i c a t o w h i c h s e v e r a low-l n a m e s h a v e b e e n a p p low-l i e d . I t s

flowers are borne in pseudoracemes

arranged in compound dichasia and thyrses

with axes to the sixth order. The androecium differs from that of most species in

t h a t t h e p o s t e r i o r - l a t e r a l

s t a m e n s b e a r u n m o d i f i e d a n t h e r s . O n l y t h e a n t e r i o r

-l a t e r a -l s t a m e n s

h a v e t h e c o n n e c t i v e

e n l a r g e d a n d t h e l o c u l e s re d u c e d ; s o m e t i m e s

one or rarely both locules are absent. All anthers are glabrous. The styles are

usually bearded adaxially but sometimes glabrous, and the posterior ones are

always foliolate; the anterior style either bears two folioles or lacks them, or

r a r e l y i s i r r e g u l a r l y o r n a m e n t e d .

T h e s a m a r a ,

l i k e t h a t o f m o s t s p e c i e s ,

h a s a l a r g e

flaring dorsal wing, and the nut commonly bears on each side 1-3 lateral winglets

and/or spurs and crests.

Stigmaphyllon sinuatum is highly variable in the shape and abaxial

pubes-cence of the leaves, the color of the petals, and the presence of folioles on the

anterior style. Representatives

combining the various expressions

of these

charac-ters have been segregated

as species.

Although the extremes are striking and may

show some geographic correlation, they are linked by intermediates occurring

throughout the range and thus are not accorded taxonomic recognition here. In

Fig. 4. the various combinations of leaf pubescence and ornamentation of the

anterior style are mapped; however, this map reflects more the itineraries of

c o l l e c t o r s

t h a n t h e r a n g e o f t h e s p e c i e s .

The laminas vary from triangular to ovate to cordate to elliptical to orbicular

to oblate to reniform. and are cordate to auriculate at the base to sometimes

truncate or acute in smaller ones. In general, plants from the eastern and western

p a r t o f t h e r a n g e h a v e r a t h e r b r o a d l a m i n a s ( i . e . , b r o a d l y e l l i p t i c a l to o r b i c u l a r t o

oblate to reniform), and those from the central part are more likely to have

triangular to ovate to elliptical ones. The appressed

abaxial pubescence

imparts a

silvery metallic sheen. The abundance of the hairs varies greatly from sparse (the

hairs barely if at all touching) to moderate (the hairs touching and/or overlapping

b u t t h e e p i d e r m i s v i s i b l e ) to s o d e n s e th a t t h e e p i d e r m i s is h i d d e n b y a s i l v e r m a t

of hairs. The very dense pubescence is most common in plants from the eastern

p a r t o f t h e r a n g e ( F i g . a ) .

The petals range from entirely yellow to yellow with varying amounts of red.

If the petals in bud are yellow, they may remain yellow at maturity, or the flag

and sometimes also the lateral petals may show red streaks. If the petals are red

in bud, the expanded petals may be mostly red with only a yellow spot on the

adaxial surface, may be mostly yellow but with a broad red band along the

mar-gin, or only the flag may be red and the lateral petals mostly yellow with a little

red, either in streaks or along the margin. Sometimes the red pigment is evident

only in bud and the expanding petals but is absent from the mature petals.

Most-ly, pure yellow limbs are slightly larger than those suffused with red. Specimens

from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru nearly always have yellow petals lacking red,

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4 1 0

C O N T R . U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C H I G A N H E R B A R I U M

V O L U M E I 9

S t i g m a p h y l l o n s i n u a t u m leaf pubescence dense moderale sparse

=eff::' o

o

ictu*

I

tr

; u n e q u a l

E o r n a m e n - A _- A A

tation

F I G . 4 . D i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e v a r i a n t s in l e a f p u b e s c e n c e a n d o r n a m e n t a t i o n o f t h e a n t c r i o r s t v l e of Stigmaphv llon .sinuatum.