Applied Linguistics

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Applied Linguistics

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What‘s applied Linguistics

•

• It is anIt is an inter inter an an transtrans disciplinary approach disciplinary approach •

• identifies, investigates, and offers solutions toidentifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real life problems.

language-related real life problems. •

• For Applied Linguistics, the central question is:For Applied Linguistics, the central question is:

-- How How far far can can existing existing models models of of descriptiondescription in linguistics be used to resolve the practical in linguistics be used to resolve the practical problems of lang

problems of language uuage use we arese we are concerned with?

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Linguistics v/s Applied

Linguistics

• • Linguistics isLinguistics is the scientific the scientific study of study of language. It language. It endeavours to endeavours to answer the answer the question--what question--what is language is language and how is and how is represented in represented in the mind? the mind? •

• Oriented to theOriented to the

solution of linguistic solution of linguistic problems.

problems.

•

• It puts linguisticIt puts linguistic theories into theories into practice in areas practice in areas such as foreign such as foreign language teaching, language teaching, speech

speech therapytherapy,, translation, and translation, and speech pathology speech pathology

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Defining the Scope of

Defining the Scope of AL

AL

•

• “AL “AL is is the the ututiliilisasatiotion on of tf the he knknowlowlededgege

about the nature of language achieved by about the nature of language achieved by linguistic research for the improvement of linguistic research for the improvement of the efficiency of some practical task in

the efficiency of some practical task in

which language is a central component.” which language is a central component.” (Corder, 1974, p. 24)

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Defining the Scope of

Defining the Scope of AL

AL

•

• “W“Whehenenevever knor knowlwlededge age abobout lut lananguguagage is use is useded to solve a basic language-related problem, one to solve a basic language-related problem, one may say that applied linguistics is being

may say that applied linguistics is being practiced.

practiced. •

• AL is a technology w AL is a technology which makes abstract idehich makes abstract ideasas and research findings accessible and relevant to and research findings accessible and relevant to the real world; it mediates between theory

the real world; it mediates between theory andand practice.”

practice.” •

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Defining the Scope of

Defining the Scope of AL

AL

•

• Therefore, applied linguistics involvesTherefore, applied linguistics involves •

• a- what we know about languagea- what we know about language •

• b- how it is b- how it is learnedlearned •

• c- how it is c- how it is usedused •

• • Th• The pe pririmamary ry concconcerern on of apf applplieiedd

linguistics has been second language linguistics has been second language acquisition theory, second language acquisition theory, second language

pedagogy and the interrelationship of both pedagogy and the interrelationship of both areas.

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Phonetics, the study of the physical properties of sounds of human language. Phonetics, the study of the physical properties of sounds of human language. Phonology

Phonology, t, the study of sounds as discrete, he study of sounds as discrete, abstract elements in the speaker'sabstract elements in the speaker's mind that distinguish meaning.

mind that distinguish meaning.

Morphology, the study of internal structures of words and how they can be Morphology, the study of internal structures of words and how they can be modified.

modified.

Syntax, the study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences . Syntax, the study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences . Semantics, the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed Semantics, the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics) and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the

word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentences.

meanings of sentences. Pragmatics, the study

Pragmatics, the study of how utterances are of how utterances are used (literallyused (literally, figuratively, figuratively, or, or otherwise) in communicative acts.

otherwise) in communicative acts.

Discourse analysis, the analysis of language use in texts (spoken, written, or Discourse analysis, the analysis of language use in texts (spoken, written, or signed)

signed)

General divisions of linguistics General divisions of linguistics

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• Language learning problems • Language learning problems • Language teaching problems • Language teaching problems • Literacy problems

• Literacy problems

• Language contact problems (lang & • Language contact problems (lang & culture)

culture)

• Language policy and planning problems • Language policy and planning problems • Language assessment problems

• Language assessment problems • Language use problems

• Language use problems

• Language and technology problems • Language and technology problems

• Translation and interpretation problems • Translation and interpretation problems What problems are related to language? What problems are related to language?

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Scope of applied linguistics

•

• • La• Langnguauage ge teteacachihing ng anand led leararniningng •

• • L• Laanngguuaagge te teessttiinngg •

• • • PPssyycchhoo- and neurolinguistics- and neurolinguistics •

• • • SoSoccioiolilinngguiuiststiiccss •

• • D• Disiscocouursrse e ananaalylyssisis •

• • • CoCompmpututatatioionanal l lilingnguiuiststicicss •

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Applied Linguistics: The Twentieth

Century

•

• Language teaching came into its own as a profession inLanguage teaching came into its own as a profession in the twentieth century.

the twentieth century.

•

• The whole foundation The whole foundation on contemporary languageon contemporary language teaching was developed during the early part of the teaching was developed during the early part of the twentieth century, as applied linguistic and

twentieth century, as applied linguistic and others soughtothers sought to develop principles and procedures for the

to develop principles and procedures for the design ofdesign of teaching methods and materials, drawing on the

teaching methods and materials, drawing on the

developing fields of linguistics and psychology to support developing fields of linguistics and psychology to support a succession of proposals for the more

a succession of proposals for the more effective andeffective and theoretically sound teaching methods.

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The Relation of Linguistics to

Language Teaching

•

• Both linguistics and language teachingBoth linguistics and language teaching

take

takes langs lang uuaagg e e aas ths th eeir suir su bbjeject.ct.

Linguistics aims at exploring the general Linguistics aims at exploring the general principles upon which all languages are principles upon which all languages are constructed and operate as systems of constructed and operate as systems of communication in the societies in which communication in the societies in which they are used. The

they are used. The aac hc h i ei ev e mv e m een t s on t s o ff l i n g u

l i n g u i s t i c in q ui s t i c in q u i r y c a n b e u t i l ii r y c a n b e u t i l izzeed f o rd f o r effe

effectivctiv e lae langng uu aage teage teachch ing ing . The bridge. The bridge

between linguistics and language teaching between linguistics and language teaching is applied linguistics.