Department of Physics
Engineering Physics – I
UNIT-1 CRYSTAL PHYSICSPart - A
1. How can we classify the solids according to the internal atomic structure?
2. Define crystal.
3. How are amorphous differ from crystal?
4. What are the two forms of crystalline material?
5. Define lattice points.
6. What is motif?
7. Write about the building block of the crystal.
8. How can we define the lattice planes?
9. Which is called crystallographic axis?
10.Define primitives and non-primitives.
11.What are interfacial angles?
12.Name the seven crystal systems.
13.Write the unit cell parameters for all crystal systems.
14.Write the few examples of triclinic crystal system.
15.Define Miller indices.
16.Mention the features of Miller indices.
17.Trace the plane (111) of the cubic crystal.
18.What is meant by interplannar distance?
19.How can we calculate the effective number of the unit cell?
20.What are all called crystal parameters?
21.Which kind of structure is called closely packed structure?
22.How many atoms present in the unit cell of diamond structure?
23.What is the reason behind the softness of the graphite structure?
24.Define crystal growth.
25.Write the types of crystal growth.
27.Atomic radius of FCC iron is 0.123nm. calculate the density of iron (atomic weight of iron=55.8 and avagadro number=6.602*1023 mol-1 ).
28.Calculate the value of d-spacing for (100) plane in a rock salt crystal of ‘a’=2.814Aº.
29.Determine the Miller indices for a plane cuts 3 units along x axis, 1 unit along y-axis and 2 units along z axis.
30.Draw the unit cell which is having the parameters of α=β=γ≠90º and a=b=c.
Part –B
1. Describe the HCP structure of a crystal? Give details about its atomic radius, APF and axial ratio. 2. What are Miller indices? Explain how they are determined.
3. Describe the atomic radius, effective number, coordination number and APF for diamond structure. 4. Write elaborately about the crystal parameters of SC and BCC structures.
5. Discuss briefly about the various crystal growth techniques.
6. Explain the Bridgeman and Czochralski techniques for growing crystals. 7. Deduce the relation between Miller indices and the interplannar distances.
8. (i) Determine the no.of atoms, atomic radius, coordination number and APF for FCC structures. (ii) What are Bravais lattices?. Write the standard crystal systems corresponding to with their lattice parameters.
9. (i) Determine the relation between lattice constant and density.
(ii) Write the parameters determining the crystal structure of materials.
10. (i) Indicate the planes in a simple cubic structures for the following hkl values, (a) (001) (b) (110) (c) (101) (d) (010).
(ii) Write briefly about the solution growth technique.
Unit –II
Properties of matter and Thermal Physics Part A
1. Define Stress on a Body? 2. Define Strain in the body. 3. Define Elastic limit of a body?
4. Define yield Strength & ultimate tensile strength? 5. State Hooke’s Law.
6. . Define modulus of elasticity.
8. Give the importance of safety factory in designing engineering structures. 9. What are the uses of stress –strain curve?
10. What are the three modules of elasticity? What is relation between them? 11. What is poison’s ratio? What are the limiting values?
12. Define uniform bending & non-uniform bending of a beam 13. Why do we prefer I-shape girders rather than solid girders? 14. Give the relation between the three modules?
15. What is moment of a force? 16. Define torque.
17. Define a beam. 18. Define a cantilever. 19. Define I-shape girder.
20. Give the applications Of I –shape girders?
21. Define shearing strain? 22. What is meant by annealing?
23. Define yield point.
24. What are the factors affecting elasticity. 25. Define Elastic fatigue.
26. Define Rigidity Modulus .
27. Define elastic limit & plastic limit..
28. Define bulk Modulus .what is the relationship between bulk modulus & compressibility
29. Define co-efficient of thermal conductivity?
30. The total area of glass window pane is 0.6 m2.Calculate how much heat is conducted per hour
through glass window pane if the thickness of glass is 5mm , the inside temperature is 20 º C & outside temperature is 2 C Thermal conductivity of glass is 1.1 Wm-1K-1
31. Is there any heat conduction through vacuum?
32. What are the characteristics of good & bad conductors?
33. Explain why specimen used to determine thermal conductivity of a bad conductor should have larger area & smaller thickness?
34. State the relation between heat & work.
35. Give the reasons for the higher thermal conductivity of metals
37. Distinguish between conduction & convection.
38. What is meant by temperature gradient?
39. Define Thermal Diffusivity. 40. Define Newton’s Law of cooling. 41. Derive the unit for thermal conductivity. 42. Explain radial flow of Heat.
43. What is meant by thermal resistance?
44. What is the Principle employed in Searle’s method?
45. What is the basic principle employed in lee’s disc method for bad conductor?
46. Why the specimen used to determine thermal conductivity of a bad conductor should have a larger area & smaller thickness?
47. Give the methods of determining the thermal conductivity of good & bad conductors.
Part B
1. Describe with necessary theory, the method to determine the Young’s modulus of the material of a rectangular bar by uniform bending.
2. What is cantilever? Obtain an expression for the depression at the loaded end of a cantilever whose other end is fixed assuming that its own weight is not effective in bending.
3. Describe an experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of a beam using bending of beams? 4. Derive an expression for the internal bending moment of a beam in terms of radius of curvature. 5. A circular and a square cantilever are made of same material and have equal area of cross-section
and length. Find the ratio of their depressions for a given load.
6. (i) Derive an expression for the elevation at the centre of a cantilever which is loaded at both ends. (ii) Describe an experiment to determine Young’s modulus of a beam by uniform bending.
7. Derive an expression for depression at the free end of a cantilever, due to load. Describe an experiment to determine the Young’s modulus of the cantilever material using this expression. 8. What is cantilever? Derive an expression for the depression at the free end of a cantilever when the
other end is rigidly fixed.
9. Derive a differential equation to describe the heat conduction along a uniform bar. Hence obtain the steady state solution of it.
10. Obtain an expression for the quantity of heat conducted radially out of a hollow cylinder. Using this, explain how the thermal conductivity of rubber can be determined.
12. Discuss with necessary theory the method of determining the thermal conductivity in the form of a tube.
13. Derive an expression for the thermal conductivity of the material of a thick pipe through which a hot liquid is flowing.
14. Derive the equation for one dimensional flow of heat and solve it under steady state condition.
Unit III Ultrasonics & acoustics Part - A
1. How are sound waves classified?
2. What are the methods used to produce ultrasonics? 3. State the magnetostriction principle.
4. Write the condition of resonance in a magnetostriction generator 5. State the merits and demerits of magnetostriction oscillator. 6. What is piezo-electric effect?
7. What is inverse piezo-electric effect?
8. Write the condition of resonance in a piezo-electric generator. 9. List the methods of ultrasonic detection.
10. Mention the properties of ultrasonic waves. 11. What is Cavitation? Mention its use.
12. What is meant by acoustic grating? Where it is used? 13. Mention the applications of ultrasonics.
14. What is Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) method? 15. Compare destructive and non-destructive testing.
16. Name the different scanning methods used in ultrasonics. 17. Define A-scan display in ultrasonics.
18. Define B-scan display in ultrasonics.
19. Define C-scan (or) T.M. scan display in ultrasonics. 20. What is sonogram? Mention its applications.
21. Mention a few medical applications of ultrasonic waves.
22. An ultrasonic generator consists of a quartz plate of thickness 0.7 mm and density 2800Kg/m3. Find the
fundamental frequency of ultrasonic waves if the Young’s modulus of quartz is 8.8*1010 N/m2.
23. A quartz crystal with 1mm thickness is vibrating at resonance. Calculate the fundamental frequency. Given Young’s modulus for quartz=7.9*1010 N/m2 and density for quartz=2650Kg/m3.
26. What is meant by resonance effect in acoustics 27. What is meant by structure – borne noise? 28. What is air – borne noise?
29. What do you mean by acoustics of buildings? 30. What are the requirements for good acoustics? 31. What is echelon effect?
32. Distinguish between loudness and intensity of sound. 33. Define absorption coefficient of a material
34. What are the units for loudness define them 35. What is meant by quality of sound
PART – B
1. (a) Define piezoelectric effect. (b) With a neat diagram, explain the construction and working of a piezoelectric oscillator. (c) Briefly outline the emulsification using ultrasonic waves.
2. (a) What is acoustic grating? With a neat diagram, explain the theory and use of it to determine the ultrasonic velocity in a liquid. (b) Briefly outline the various industrial applications of ultrasonic waves.
3. Calculate the fundamental frequency of quartz crystal of thickness 1.5 mm which is vibrating at resonance, if the young’s modulus for quartz is 7.9 x 1010 Nm-2 and the density is 2650 kg m -3.
4. (a) Explain how ultrasonic waves can be produced by using magnetostriction method? (b) Write any four applications of ultrasonic waves.
5. In ultrasonic NDT what are the three different scan displays in common use? Explain.
6. (a) Discuss about the application of ultrasonic waves in NDT. (b) Write short notes on sonograms.
7. (a) State the merits and demerits of magnetostriction oscillator. (b) Mention any four applications of ultrasonic waves.
8. Explain about the Fetal Heart Movement monitoring.
9. Describe the various scanning methods by using Ultrasonic waves. 10. Derive the expression for growth and decay of sound energy.
11. Write in detail about the factors affecting acoustics and their remedies
12. Discuss the factors reverberation, resonance, echelon effect, focusing and reflection that affect the acoustics in hall and remedies for them.
14. Derive an expression for the reverberation period of an auditorium and explain how this can be used for determining the absorbing power of surface involved.
15. Discuss the salient points associated with acoustics of auditorium.
UNIT- IV QUANTUM PHYSICS PART-A
1. Explain the postulates of plancks hypothesis.
2. What is Compton effect & Compton shift? give its value. 3. Write down the physical significance of wave function. 4. What is a black body & what are its characteristics. 5. State the principle of electron microscope.
6. Define Rayleigh-Jeans law & Wiens displacement law with its limitation. 7. What is meant by degenerate & non degenerate state? Give examples. 8. Give the properties of matter waves.
9. Compare TEM & SEM
10.What is meant by normalization of wave function?
11. For a free particle moving with a one dimensional potential box, the ground state energy cannot be zero. Why? 12.State de-Broglie hypothesis.
13.Write the principle of SEM & TEM
14.Write down time independent & time dependent equation. 15.What are Eigen values & Eigen function.
16. Mention any four limitations of TEM. 17.What are the advantages & uses of SEM
18. What are the differences between optical & electron microscopes? 19.What are Hamiltonian & energy operators.
20.State Stefan’s law.
21. Calculate the lowest energy of an electron confined in a cubical box of each side 1.5 A0
22.A beam of X-rays are scattered by free electrons. At 450 from the beam direction , the scattered X-rays have a
wavelength of 0.022A0. What is the wavelength of the incident beam?
23.Find the change in wavelength of an X-ray photon when it is scattered through an angle of 1350 by a free electron.
24. What is the purpose of G. P. Thomson experiment.
25. Define a wave function. Show that it represents the probability density of finding a particle at a given position and given time.
26. Find the energy of an electron moving in one-dimension in an infinitely high potential box of width 0.1nm. 27. Calculate the number of photons emitted by a 100 watts sodium vapour lamp. (λ=5893*10-10m).
30.Write the equation representing de Broglie wavelength in terms of voltage & energy.
PART-B
1. Derive Planck’s law for black body radiation and hence deduce Wien’s law and Rayleigh jean’s law. 2. Define Compton effect. & Derive an expression for the wavelength of the scattered photon (Compton
Shift) and also describe the experimental verification of Compton effect
3. Derive the expression for particle enclosed in a one-dimensional box which has quantized energy values. 4. Derive Schrödinger time dependent and time independent wave equations.
5. Derive the Schrödinger time independent wave equation for a free particle enclosed in a one
dimensional potential well of length ‘a’ with infinite potential barriers and get the normalized wave function for the free particle.
6. Explain the principle construction and working of an electron microscope. What are its advantages & dis advantages?
7. Describe the principle, Construction and working of scanning electron microscope. Give its advantages, disadvantages and applications.
8. Describe the principle construction and working of TEM (Transmission electron microscope) and give its limitations?
9. Describe the experimental verification of matter waves.(G.P. Thomson experiment)
UNIT V PHOTONICS AND FIBRE OPTICS
PART A
1. What are the characteristics of laser? 2. What are coherent sources?
3. State some of the applications of lasers in engineering and industry field 4. What are the different methods of achieving population inversion? 5. Define meta stable state:
6. What is the principle of semi conductor laser?
7. Distinguish between spontaneous and stimulated emission
8. Classify different types of lasers based on active medium, with one example for each: 9. Give the principle of laser action.
10. Give the Importance of population inversion: 11. Define population and population inversion:
12. What are the roles played by N2 and He in CO2 laser?
13. Distinguish between homo junction and hetero junction lasers: 14. What are the advantages of gas laser over solid state laser? 15. Distinguish between ordinary light and laser light
16. What is an optical fiber? 17. Define acceptance angle.
19. How will you classify optical fibres? 20. Define numerical aperture of a fibre.
21. What are the losses that occur during optical fiber communication?
22. Estimate NA when the core refractive index is 1.48, relative refractive index is 2. Also calculate the critical angle.
23. Distinguish between step-index and graded index fibres. 24. State some of the application of optical fibres in medical field. 25. What is meant by endoscope?
PART B
1. Derive Einstein’s relation for stimulated emission and hence explain the existence of stimulated emission.
2. Describe the construction and working of Nd-YAG laser.
3. Describe the construction and working of homojunction and heterojunction semiconductor laser. 4. Explain the modes of vibrations of Co2 molecule. Describe the construction and
Working of Co2 laser with necessary diagrams.
5. Discuss the various types of optical fibers.
6. Describe a method of measuring the temperature of the source using optical fiber. 7. Explain fiber optical communication system with a neat block diagram.
8. Write short notes on endoscope.
