Warm Up
1.
Imagine that you have just
received news that Charlotte is
preparing for an earthquake. If
you had to prepare an
emergency kit, what would
you include? Where would you
go to be safe?
2
Did you think of these things?
• First aid kit and instruction booklet
• Plastic tarp or a small tent
• Emergency ("space") blankets and one sleeping bag for each family member
• At least one gallon of bottled water per person, per day. For a 3-day supply, that adds up to three gallons of
water per person
• Enough canned or dried food for 3 days
• Can opener
• Flashlight (easily in reach)
• Battery-powered radio
• Spare batteries for everything (stored separately in waterproof bags)
• Toilet paper, soap, toothpaste and toothbrushes, and other personal supplies
• Multi-purpose dry chemical (Class ABC) fire extinguisher
Earthquakes!
SWBAT describe the
4
Earthquake! When
Plates Collide
•
Why do earthquakes happen?
•
How do scientists calculate the elastic strain on a
fault?
•
http://unctv.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/nvde.
sci.earth.collide/earthquake-when-plates-collide/
What is an earthquake?
•
What happens to cause an
earthquake?
•
Where do earthquakes happen?
•
Are there places where
earthquakes are more likely to
happen?
6
Haiti
•
Earthquake example:
Haiti
, on
January 12, 2010
•
How severe was this earthquake?
7.0 magnitude
•
What happens
with a 7.0
magnitude earthquake?
Japan
•
Earthquake example:
Japan
, on
March 11, 2011
•
How severe was this earthquake?
•
What happens
during a 9.0
magnitude earthquake?
What is an earthquake?
•
An earthquake is the shaking of the
10
ELASTIC
REBOUND
Along a fault,
energy builds up
in a rock until it
breaks and
Elastic Rebound
Theory
•12
What Causes Earthquakes?
•
As tectonic plates
push, pull or scrape
against each other,
stress
builds up
along faults until
the rocks finally
move
•
A
fault
is a
break
in
the Earth’s crust
The epicenter is the location on the surface of
the Earth directly above the
focus.
Surface
waves move outward from the epicenter.
The
focus
of an earthquake is the point
INSIDE
the Earth where the earthquake starts. It is the
place below the earth’s surface where the rocks
tear, come apart, or collide.
The
fault
is the break in the
crust where the earthquake occurs,
14
Seismograph
•
The seismograph records ground
Magnitudes and Energy of Earthquakes
16
Seismic intensity is affected by rock type.
Amplitude of oscillation
18
Aftershock
•
An
aftershock
is a smaller earthquake
that occurs after a previous large
•
Types of Earthquakes
movements
Strike slip-moves sideways
Normal- section sinks
Thrust- section rises
What type of destruction
occurs from
Destruction from
Earthquakes
•
Tsunamis:
• A tsunami triggered by an earthquake occurs where a slab
of the ocean floor is displaced vertically along a fault.
• It can also occur when the vibration of a quake sets an underwater landslide in motion.
•
Landslides
:
• With many earthquakes, the greatest damage to structures is from
landslides and ground
subsidence, or the sinking of the ground triggered by vibrations.
•
Fires:
• The greatest destruction is often caused by fires when gas and electrical lines are cut and water lines are also
broken, so the fire can’t be stopped.
•
So how can we
Earthquake-Proof
Buildings
:
•
More flexible
wood-framed
homes or
steel-framed
buildings are less damaged
•
Light-weight
building
materials
•
Bolted
or
welded
connections that can
withstand loads well above
the design load
What needs to be considered
when constructing an
earthquake-proof building?
•
Distribution of weight
•
Variation in shape
•
Variation in height
•
Variation in foundation
material
An exemplary Model
28
