Philosophy 2

A

A PROJECT REP

PROJECT REPORT

ORT ON - “CARV

ON - “CARVA

AKA

KA VIEW ON MORALI

VIEW ON MORALITY”

TY”

SCHOOL OF LAW

SCHOOL OF LAW

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR 

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR 

UNDER

UNDER SUPERVISION SUPERVISION OF: OF: - - SUBMITTED SUBMITTED BY:

BY:--(ASSIS

(ASSISTA

TANT

NT PROFESS

PROFESSOR)

OR)

SHEELBHAD

SHEELBHADRA

RA

(MR.ROBIN

(MR.ROBIN LUKE

LUKE SIR)

SIR)

151!1!"5

151!1!"5

CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE

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SUPERVISOR NAME  (MR.ROBIN LUKE SIR)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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(S#/#0* S#*)

Table of Contents

As Lokayata... 6 ORIGIN... 7 Epistemology... 9 etap!ysi"s... #$ Pleas%&e... #$ Religio'... ##

Controversy on reliability of sources... #( )i*liog&ap!y... #+

INTRODUCTION

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30 %2*3&2*$%.

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As Lokayata

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4'*0,.

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ORIGIN

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E. W. H'8$3%; $3 #$% T# E&#$% '+ I30$ (1) $% &#& C#*68 #$'%'#, 4% '3&'*3'2% &' J$3$% 30 B200#$%; 3&$'3$3: &# '0 C=*6=8 '* &*$$%& '+ &# ?&# 3&2*, BC. R#,% D6$0% %%2% &#& '8=,& $3 . 5!! BC  &' 3 %8&$$% $3 :3* 4$&#'2& ,& /$3: '*:3$%0 %  #$'%'#$ %#''. I&% &#'0'':, '+ %8&$$% $% $3200 $3 &# R,3; A,'0#, 830; #&* 1!; 4#* J/=$ &*$% &' *%20 R= &' & &# 8$3:0' /, 2%$3: 3=%&$8 *:23&% (R= *+2&% #$ $3 #&* 1!)<

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T# C#*68 $%&'':, #'0% *&$'3 % &# *$*, 30 *'* %'2* '+ 83'40:; 4#$ $3+*3 $% #0 % *'3 &' /$3: $&#* *$:#& '* 4*'3: 30 &#*+'* '30$&$'3 '* $36$0. P*&$'3% * '+ &4' &,%; +'* C#*68; 9&*3 30 $3&*3. E9&*3 *&$'3 $% 0%*$/0 % &#& *$%$3: +*' &# $3&*&$'3 '+ +$6 %3%% 30 4'*0, '/7&%; 4#$ $3&*3 *&$'3 $% 0%*$/0 /, &#$% %#'' % &#& '+ $33* %3%; &# $30. I3+*3 $% 0%*$/0 % 0*$6$3:  34 '32%$'3 30 &*2&# +*' '3 '* '* '/%*6&$'3% 30 *6$'2% &*2&#%. T' C#*68%; $3+*3 $% 2%+2 /2& *'3 &' **'*; % $3+**0 &*2&#% 3 36* / 4$&#'2& 0'2/&. I3+*3 $% :''0 30 #+2; $& $% &# 6$0$&, '+ $3+*3 &#& $% %2%&  %'&$% $3 *&$3 %% 30 '+&3 $3 '&#*%. T' &# C#*68% &#* 4* 3' *$/ 3% /, 4#$# &# ++$, '+ $3+*3 %  3% '+ 83'40: '20 / %&/$%#0.

C#*68% $%&'':$ *:23& 3 / 9$30 4$&# &# 9 '+ +$* 30 %'8. K %&&%; &#& 4#3 &#* $% %'8 ($00 &*); '3% &303, , / &'  &' &# '32%$'3 &#& $& 2%& / 2%0 /, +$* (7'* &* $3 ':$). W#$ &#$% $% '+&3 &*2; $& 30 3'& / 23$6*%, &*2; 6*,4#* '*  &# &$%; %&&0 &# C#*68 %#'*%. S'8 3 #6 '&#* 2%%. I3 C#*68 $%&'':,; % '3: % &# *&$'3 /&43 &4' #3'3; '* '/%*6&$'3 30 &*2&#; #% 3'& /3  *'63 % 23'30$&$'3; $& $% 3 23*&$3 &*2&#. S2# &#'0% '+ *%'3$3:; &#& $% 72$3: &' '32%$'3% '* $3+*3; $% *'3 &' +4 $3 &#$% I30$3 #$'%'#,. C#*68% +2*&#* %&& &#& +2 83'40: $% *#0 4#3 4 83'4  '/%*6&$'3%;  *$%% 30  '30$&$'3%. B2& &# /%3 '+ '30$&$'3%; %&& C#*68%; 3 3'& / %&/$%#0 /,'30 0'2/& /, *&$'3; % %' '30$&$'3% , / #$003 '* % '2* /$$&, &' '/%*6. T#, 83'40: &#& 6*, *%'3 *$% '3 $3+*3 $3 0$, $+; /2& &' &# $+ 4 & 23*$&$,; 4 **. W#$ '2* $3+*3 %'&$% * &*2 30 0 &' %2%%+2 &$'3; $& $% %'  +& &#& %'&$% $3+*3 $% 4*'3: 30 0% &' **'*. T*2&# &#3; %&& C#*68; $% 3'& 3 23+$$3: #*&* '+ $3+*3; &*2&# $% *, 3 $03& '+ $3+*3; 30 '3 &#& $% %*/. W 2%& / %8&$%; 2%&$'3 4#& 4 83'4 /, $3+*3; 2%&$'3 '2* $%&'':,.

'eta"(ys#)s

S$3 3'3 '+ &# 3% '+ 83'4$3: 4* +'230 &' / 4'*&#, &' %&/$%# &# $36*$/ '33&$'3  /&43 $00 &* 30 *0$&; C#*68% '3200 &#& &# $3+*3 '20 3'& / 2%0 &' %*&$3 &#,%$ &*2&#%. T#2%; &' C#*68%; &# %& 4#$# &# $30 &8% +*' &# 83'40: '+ %'&#$3: &' $3+* &# 83'40: '+ %'&#$3: % '20 / '23&0 +'* /, $&% /$3: /%0 '3  +'** *&$'3 '* /, $&% /$3: $3 **'*. C%% 4#* $3+*3 4% 72%&$+$0 /, &# *%2& 4* %3 '3, &' / * '$3$03%.

T#*+'*; C#*68% 03$0 &#,%$ '3&% $8 *$3*3&$'3; 3 9&*'*'* %'2; &# ++$, '+ *$:$'2% *$&%; '&#* 4'*0% (#63 30 #); +& 30 22&$'3 '+  *$& '* 0*$& &#*'2:# &# *+'*3 '+ *&$3 &$'3%. C#*68% %' *7&0 &# 2% '+ %2*3&2* 2%% &' 0%*$/ 3&2* #3'3. T' &#  3&2* #3'3 4% *'020 %'3&3'2%, +*' &# $3#*3& 3&2* '+ &#$3:%.

*leas+,e

C#*68 /$60 &#& &#* 4% 3'&#$3: 4*'3: 4$&# %3%2 %2*. S$3 $& $% $'%%$/ &' #6  %2* 4$&#'2& $3; C#*68 &#'2:#& &#& 4$%0' , $3 37',$3: %2* 30 6'$0$3: $3 % +* % '%%$/. U3$8 3, '+ &# I30$3 #$'%'#$% '+ &# &$; C#*68 0$0 3'& /$6 $3 2%&*$&$% '* *7&$3: %2* '2& '+ +* '+ $3 30 #0 %2# *%'3$3: &' / +''$%#..

T# S*6%$00#3& S:*# %&&% &# C#*68 '%$&$'3 '3 %2* 30 #0'3$% % +''4%; T# 37',3& '+ #63 $% $3 &$3: 0$$'2% +''0; 8$3: '3, '+ ,'23: 4'3; 2%$3: +$3 '&#%; *+2%; :*30%; %30 %&... 4#$ '8%# $% 0&# 4#$# $% %%&$'3 '+ $+-/*&#... &# 4$% &#*+'* '2:#& 3'& &' &8 $3% '3 '23& '+ '8%#.

A +'' 4*% #$%+ '2& /, 33% 30 +%&%. C#%&$&, 30 '&#* %2# '*0$33% * $0 0'43 /, 6* 48$3:%

Rel#%#on

C#*68% *7&0 3, '+ &# %&30*0 *$:$'2% '3&$'3% '+ H$302%; B200#$%&% 30 J$3%; %2# % +&*$+; *$3*3&$'3; %%*; 8* 30 *$:$'2% *$&%. T#, 4* *$&$ '+ &# V0%; % 4 % B200#$%& %*$&2*%.

T# S*60*Q3%  >:*# 4$&# '3&*$% /, M0#6#*, 0%*$/% &# C#*68% % *$&$ '+ V0%; &*$$%&% 4$&#'2& '*% 30 &#$%. T' C#*68%; &# &9& %&&%; &# V0% %2++*0 +*' %6* +2&%  **'*% $3 &*3%$%%$'3 *'%% :3*&$'3%; 23&*2&#; %+-'3&*0$&$'3 30 &2&'':,. T# C#*68% '$3&0 '2& &# 0$%:*3&%; 0/&% 30 2&2 *7&$'3  /, 8*830 V0$ *$%&% 30 7=3830 V0$ *$%&%; % *''+ &#& $&#* '3 '+ &# $% 4*'3:

'* /'&# * 4*'3:; % /'&# 33'& / *$:#&.

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Controversy on reliability of sources

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#. FRANK THILLY; A HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY; REVISED EDITION (!!"; CENTRAL