ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION
in accordance with ISO 14025, ISO 21930 and EN 15804
Owner of the Declaration:
E.A. Smith AS
Program operator:
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Publisher:
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Declaration number:
NEPD-321-200-EN
Issue date:
09.04.2015
Valid to:
09.04.2020
Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as
well as straight and shaped
E.A. Smith AS
General information
Product: Owner of the declaration:
E.A. Smith AS
Contact person: Terje Hals
Phone: +47 33 37 25 19
e-mail: terje.hals@smith.no
Program operator: Manufacturer:
E.A. Smith AS avd. Smith Stål
Phone: +47 23 08 82 92 Phone: +47 72 59 25 00
e-mail: post@epd-norge.no e-mail: firmapost@smith.no
Declaration number: Place of production:
ECO Platform reference number:
- Management system:
Organisation no: CEN Standard EN 15804 serves as core PCR
Issue date: 09.04.2015
Valid to:
Declared unit: Year of study:
Declared unit with option (A1-A3 + A4):
Functional unit: The EPD has been worked out by:
Verification:
Approved
Michael Myrvold Jenssen Annik Magerholm Fet Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo, Norway
NPCR 013 Steel as Construction Material Rev 1 (08/2013)
The owner of the declaration shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence. EPD Norway shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer information, life cycle assessment data and evidences.
This declaration is based on Product Category Rules:
external Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and shaped bars
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Norway 09.04.2020 Comparability: NEPD-321-200-EN 816051142 Statement of liability:
Independent verifier approved by EPD Norway
2014 ISO 14001 ISO 9001 EN 1090-2-CE -Heggstadmoen 13, 7080 Heimdal internal
Kari Sørnes, SINTEF
-EPD of construction products may not be comparable if they not comply with EN 15804 and seen in a building context.
The CEN Norm EN 15804 serves as the core PCR. Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO14025:2010
Third party verifier: Per kg steel
Product
Technical data:
Product specification: Market:
Reference service life, product: Materials
Iron Carbon Manganese Silicone
LCA: Calculation rules
Declared unit:
Data quality: Cut-off criteria:
Allocation: 98 - 99
Product description:
0,98-0,99
NS 3576-1, NS 3576-3 and NS 3576-4. Recycled content of steel:
>99% steel scrap.
The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of EN 15804. Incoming energy and water and waste production in-house is allocated equally among all products through mass allocation. Effects of primary production of recycled materials allocated to the main product in which the material was used. The recycling process and transportation of the material is allocated to this analysis.
%
Norway kg
The product certified is in accordance with standards:
Not relevant.
0,005-0,002
System boundary:
Cradle to gate (A1-A3) including transport from manufacturer to customer (A4). System boundaries are shown in the flowchart. Waste flows, especially cut-offs from the steel manufacturing in A3, are treated within the module they occur via system expansion.
General requirements and guidelines concerning use of generic and specific data and the quality of those are as described in EN 15804: 2012, clause 6.3.6 and 6.3.7. The data is representative according to temporal, geographical and technological requirements.
Temporal:
Data for use in module A3 is supplied by the manufacturer and consists of the recorded amount of specific material and energy consumption for the product studied. Specific data has been collected in 2014. Generic data has been created or updated within the last 10 years.
Typical product compostion for reinforcement steel is described in the table below:
Reinforcement steel is prefabricated at European steel works in the form of ribbed bars and shaped reinforcement bars and mesh. The reinforcement steel is then shaped according to customer specifics by cutting and bending at the manufacturer in Norway, without the need for welding.
Reinforcement steel is used in the construction of buildings and civil structures, and is used to strengthen concrete by keeping it in tension.
0,03-0,07 0,05-0,02
0,02 0,2
All major raw materials and all the essential energy is included. The production process for raw materials and energy flows that are included with very small amounts (<1%) are not included. This cut-off rule does not apply for hazardous materials and substances.
0,3-0,7
LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information
Transport from suppliers to producer (A2)
Truck l/tkm
Railway kWh/tkm
Boat l/tkm
Transport from production place to user (A4)
LCA: Results
System boundaries (X=included, MND= module not declared, MNR=module not relevant)
Tr ans por t Tr ans por t X M ai nt enanc e X A5 B2 B4 MND R aw m at er ial s Asse mb ly A1 X MND MND MND MND MND D D is pos al R eu se -R eco ve ry-R ecycl in g-pot ent ial C4 MND W as te pr oc es si ng C2 MND Tr ans por t MND C3 B6 MND MND D e-cons truc tion dem ol iti on Us e MND R epai r B7 -48 1200-10000 dwt 2760
-40 2000t gross tonne train 620
-Canal, 1500t capacity 700 -88 Truck, Euro4, 20-16t 600 65 Truck Barge -Fuel/Energy consumption Distance km
Capacity utilisation (incl. return) % Type of vehicle Value (l/t) Type
Type
Capacity utilisation (incl. return) % Type of vehicle Distance km Fuel/Energy consumption
B3
End of life stage
O per at ional w at er us e X Assemby stage B1 Beyond the system boundaries R ef ur bi shm ent MND
Transport in A4 represents a flat average calculated from 2013 fuel consumption and freight data from Smith Stål Øst.
A3 A4 Use stage O per at ional ener gy us e R epl ac em ent B5 C1 A2 M anuf ac tur ing Product stage Geographical:
The geographic region of the production sites included in the calculation is Europe.
Technological:
Data represents technology in use.
Data for module A1 consists of specific data derived from environmental product declarations from suppliers. This data is then weighted according to the specific contribution in the final production mix in module A3. All other data are gathered from GaBi 6.
The results shows that the most significant impacts comes from the production of steel, given in A1. The steel is shipped from European manufacturers, giving a high impact in A2. Module A3 includes heating of the manufacturer's warehouse, cutting and bending of reinforcement steel, as well as the treatment of wastes.
The following information describe the scenarios in the different modules of the EPD.
The scenario for transport distances and transportation modes from suppliers to manufacturer represents both recorded and calculated routes and distances from factory gates in Europe to Smith Stål Øst in Holmestrand, Norway.
Value (l/t)
85 Truck, Euro5, 28-34t 2335
Environmental impact
Resource use
End of life - Waste
End of life - Output flow
9,0 E-03 = 9,0*10-3 = 0,009
1There is inherent flaw in the POCP results in the GaBi 6 software when datasets for trucks have been used with CML 2001. Negative impact results in this
category essentially means that the use of transport will in effect clear smog formation. A4 recalculated with the ReCiPe impact assessment methodology gives 5,04E-05 kg NMVOC.
2The negative numbers here is traced back to supplier EPD data used in A1. A similar negative result in ADPM has been seen in other steel EPD’s where
Worldsteel datasets has been used. The consensus is that the ADP Elements impact category has some uncertainties, and the negative result is due to system expansion and crediting of by-products (EAF Dust – dust from recycled material in an electric arc furnace) in the Worldsteel data set.
kg C2H4 -eqv ADPE Parameter 1,10E+00 3,86E-04 1,17E-04 -2,94E-08 Parameter kg CFC11-eqv 7,65E+00 ODP Unit Unit NRPM RPEM MJ POCP GWP EP A1-A33 2,18E-01 3,03E-14 2,18E-01 1,30E-09 3,86E-01 TPE AP 7,24E-08 1,94E-03 ADPM2 kg CO2 -eqv 5,19E-01 kg SO2 -eqv NHW 5,45E-03 kg PO43--eqv kg Sb-eqv NRSF
GWP Global warming potential; ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; POCP Formation potential of tropospheric
photochemical oxidants; AP Acidification potential of land and water; EP Eutrophication potential; ADPM Abiotic depletion potential for non
fossil resources; ADPE Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources
MJ RPEE 4,02E-05 MJ MJ W NRPE Parameter 1,09E+00 A4 MJ kg
3 There is a discrepancy between TRPE and ADPE for A1-A3. The difference is traced back to the EPDs used as background data for A1. MJ MJ A4 3,88E-01 1,13E-13 9,43E+00 1,84E-07 HW TRPE MJ 3,88E-01 -kg 9,43E+00
RPEE Renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; RPEM Renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; TPE
Total use of renewable primary energy resources; NRPE Non renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; NRPM Non
renewable primary energy resources used as materials; TRPE Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM Use of secondary
materials; RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF Use of non renewable secondary fuels; W Use of net fresh water
Unit A1-A3 RSF 2,19E+00 - -Reading example: MJ 2,35E-01
HW Hazardous waste disposed; NHW Non hazardous waste disposed; RW Radioactive waste disposed
MR MER A1-A3 A4 -4,89E-02 2,86E-04 8,42E-04 Parameter 2,81E-02 1,92E-13 1,28E-04 3,24E-05 -4,27E-05 EEE ETE CR 0,0000557 8,09E-07 RW kgkg 1,46E-01 A41 A1-A3 Unit kg kg -
-CR Components for reuse; MR Materials for recycling; MER Materials for energy recovery; EEE Exported electric energy; ETE Exported thermal energy kg MJ -MJ m3 6,71E-02 2,56E-05 SM -2,10E-03 2,37E-04
Additional Norwegian requirements
Greenhous gas emission from the use of electricity in the manufacturing phase
Dangerous substances
Indoor environment Carbon footprint
Carbon footprint has not been worked out for the product.
Bibliography
LCA Report
NPCR 013-2013 Product Category Rules Steel as Construction Material
GlobalEPD 001-002.12 rev. 0
Program operator Phone: +47 23 08 82 92
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo e-mail: post@epd-norge.no
Norway web www.epd-norge.no
Publisher Phone: +47 23 08 80 00
The Norwegian EPD Foundation
Post Box 5250 Majorstuen, 0303 Oslo e-mail: post@epd-norge.no
Norway web www.epd-norge.no
Owner of the declaration Phone: +47 72 59 25 00
E.A. Smith AS Fax
Heggstadmoen 13 e-mail: firmapost@smith.no
7080 Heimdal web www.smithstal.no
Author of the Life Cycle Assessment Phone: +47 73 59 35 11
e-mail: michael.jenssen@iot.ntnu.no annik.fet@ntnu.no
web www.ntnu.no/iot
ISO 21930:2007
Michael M. Jenssen and Annik M. Fet NTNU
Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 7491 Trondheim
kg CO2-eqv/kWh
The product contain dangerous substances, more then 0,1% by weight, given by the REACH Candidate List or the Norwegian Priority list, see table.
0,0465
Sustainability in building construction - Environmental declaration of building products Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines
ISO 14044:2006
Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures
Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declaration - Core rules for the product category of construction products
No tests have been carried out on the product concerning indoor climate - Not relevant
EN 15804:2012+A1:2013
The product contains no substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list. The product is classified as hazardous waste (Avfallsforskiften, Annex III), see table.
Life Cycle Assessment Report:
Ribbed bars made from reinforcement steel, in the form of mesh as well as straight and shaped bars (NTNU SISVI Report 2015-03)
ift Rosenheim GmbH
EPD-BS-10.0 (2013) Badische Stahlwerke GmbH:Betonstahl zur Bewehrung von Beton
The product contains no substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list
The product contains substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list that are less than 0,1 % by weight.
Celsa Steel Service AS:
Steel reinforcement products for concrete (Norway) ift Rosenheim GmbH
EPD-BMG-10.1 (2013) Environdec EPD no.: S-P-00306 (2012)
Data source Amount Unit
GaBi v6.4.x
ISO 14025:2010
Baustahlgewebe GmbH: Betonstahlmatten und Gitterträger
The elecricity mix (NO) represents the average country or region specific electricity supply for final consumers, including electricity own consumption, transmission/distribution losses and electricity imports from neighboring countries.
SN Seixal, S.A. Grupo Megasa
Productos largos de acero no aleado para construcción laminados en caliente procedentes de horno eléctrico: barras corrugadas.
