CONSTRUCTION BATTALION BATTLE SKILLS GUIDE BOOK 1 ALL HANDS E1 and Above INDIVIDUAL SKILLS COMMANDING OFFICER
NAVAL CONSTRUCTION BATTALION CENTER TRAINING STANDARDS DEPARTMENT N7
PORT HUENEME, CA 93043
CONSTRUCTION BATTALION BATTLE SKILLS GUIDE BOOK 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD i TASK PAGE INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS
1-1 Weapons Handling, Shoulder Fired Weapons 1-1
1-2 Weapons Handling, Handguns 1-10
1-3 Maintain the M16A3 Service Rifle 1-15
1-4 Zero the M16A3 Service Rifle 1-32
1-5 Engage Targets with the M16A3 Service Rifle 1-36 1-6 ATTACHMENT (A1) Fundamentals of Marksmanship 1-45
1-7 Maintain the M9 Service Pistol 1-60
1-8 Engage Targets with the M9 Service Pistol 1-70
PATROLLING
1-9 Participate in a Security Patrol 1-75
1-10 Perform as a Member of a Convoy 1-79
TACTICAL MEASURES
1-11 Prepare Individual Combat Equipment for Tactical Operations 1-88
1-12 Perform Individual Movement 1-95
1-13 Prepare a Fire Team Fire Plan and Fire Plan Sketch 1-102
1-14 React to Enemy Indirect Fire 1-106
1-16 React to Enemy Direct Fire 1-116
1-17 Construct Fighting Position 1-118
1-18 Camouflage Self and Individual Equipment 1-124
1-19 Participate in Squad-Size Defense 1-128
1-20 Operate Night Vision Goggles 1-131
1-21 Employ Techniques of Unaided Night Vision 1-140
1-22 Report Intelligence Information 1-142
1-23 Conduct Vehicle Search Procedure 1-144
1-24 Process Enemy Personnel 1-147
1-25 Submit a Spot Report 1-151
1-26 Perform as a Member of NMCB Interior Guard 1-152
1-27 Perform as a Fire team Member in Civil Disturbance Situations 1-158 HAND GRENADES, MINES, AND PYROTECHNICS
1-28 Engage Targets with Hand Grenades 1-164
1-29 Employ the M49A1 Trip Flare 1-168
1-30 Employ the M18A1 Claymore Mine 1-171
1-31 Locate Possible Mine/Boobytrap Sites 1-176
NBC DEFENSE
1-32 Identify NATO NBC Markers 1-179
1-33 Maintain the MCU-2A/P Protective Mask 1-183
1-34 Don the MCU-2A/P Protective Mask with Hood 1-188 1-35 Don Individual Protective Clothing to MOPP 4 1-191 1-36 Perform Basic Body Functions While in MOPP 4 1-195
1-38 Decontaminate Skin and Personal Equipment Using the
M291Decontamination Kit 1-207
1-39 Exchange MOPP Gear 1-211
1-40 React to Nuclear Attack 1-216
1-41 React to a Chemical or Biological Attack 1-219
1-42 Treat a Chemical Agent Casualty 1-222
FIRST AID AND FIELD SANITATION
1-43 Apply Basic First Aid 1-233
1-44 Perform Basic First Aid Preventive Measures 1-265
1-45 Practice Basic Field Sanitation 1-274
1-46 Transport Casualties Using Manual Carries and Improvised Stretchers 1-278
LAND NAVIGATION
1-47 Perform Basic Map Reading 1-291
1-48 Navigate with a Map Using Terrain Association 1-307
1-49 Navigate with a Map Using a Compass 1-311
1-50 Orient a Map Using Hasty Field Expedient Techniques 1-318
1-51 Locate an Unknown Point by Resection 1-329
1-52 Locate an Unknown Point by Intersection 1-333 1-53 Navigate Around an Obstacle Using the Box Method 1-335
1-54 Convert Azimuths 1-338
COMMUNICATIONS
1-56 Repair (Splice) Wire 1-347
1-57 Operate a TA-1 Telephone Set 1-351
1-58 Operate a TA-312 Telephone Set 1-354
1-59 Operate an AN/PRC-119A Radio Set 1-358
1-60 Communicate Using a Radio 1-369
1-61 ATTACHMENT (A2) Phonetic Alphabet and Numeric Pronunciation 1-376 1-62 ATTACHMENT (A3) Prowords and Warning Words and their Explanations 1-377
SUMMARY OF
CONSTRUCTION BATTALION BATTLE SKILLS GUIDE BOOK 1
Construction Battalion Battle Skills Guide, Book 1, All Hands, E1 and Above, Individual Skills consists of
the following:
INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS
Weapons Handling, Shoulder Fired Weapons Weapons Handling, Handguns
Maintain the M16A3 Service Rifle Zero the M16A3 Service Rifle
Engage Targets with the M16A3 Service Rifle ATTACHMENT (A1) Fundamentals of
Marksmanship
Maintain the M9 Service Pistol
Engage Targets with the M9 Service Pistol PATROLLING
Participate in a Security Patrol Perform as a Member of a Convoy
TACTICAL MEASURES Prepare Individual Combat Equipment for
Tactical Operations Perform Individual Movement
Prepare a Fire Team Fire Plan and Fire Plan Sketch
React to Enemy Indirect Fire Assume Field Firing Positions React to Enemy Direct Fire Construct Fighting Position
Camouflage Self and Individual Equipment Participate in Squad-Size Defense
Operate Night Vision Goggles
Employ Techniques of Unaided Night Vision Report Intelligence Information
Conduct Vehicle Search Procedure Process Enemy Personnel
Submit a Spot Report
Perform as a Member of NMCB Interior Guard Perform as a Fire team Member in Civil
Disturbance Situations
HAND GRENADES, MINES, AND PYROTECHNICS
Engage Targets with Hand Grenades Employ the M49A1 Trip Flare
Employ the M18A1 Claymore Mine Locate Possible Mine/Boobytrap Sites
NBC DEFENSE Identify NATO NBC Markers
Maintain the MCU-2A/P Protective Mask Don the MCU-2A/P Protective Mask with Hood Perform Basic Body Functions while in MOPP 4 Identify Chemical Agents
Decontaminate Skin and Personal Equipment Using the M291Decontamination Kit Exchange MOPP Gear
React to Nuclear Attack
React to a Chemical or Biological Attack Treat a Chemical Agent Casualty
FIRST AID AND FIELD SANITATION Apply Basic First Aid
Perform Basic First Aid Preventive Measures Practice Basic Field Sanitation
Transport Casualties Using Manual Carries and Improvised Stretchers
LAND NAVIGATION Perform Basic Map Reading
Navigate with a Map Using Terrain Association Navigate with a Map Using a Compass
Orient a Map Using Hasty Field Expedient Techniques
Locate an Unknown Point by Resection Locate an Unknown Point by Intersection Navigate Around an Obstacle Using the Box
Method Convert Azimuths
Determine the Elevation of a Point on the Ground Using a Map
COMMUNICATIONS Repair (Splice) Wire
Operate a TA-1 Telephone Set Operate a TA-312 Telephone Set Operate an AN/PRC-119 Radio Set Communicate Using a Radio
ATTACHMENT (A2) Phonetic Alphabet and Numeric Pronunciation
ATTACHMENT (A3) Prowords and Warning Words and their Explanations
BOOK 2
Construction Battalion Battle Skills Guide, Book 2, E4 - E6, Individual Skills consists of following
INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS
Conduct Refresher Training on How to Maintain the M16A3 Service Rifle
PATROLLING
Assist in the Conduct of a Squad-Sized Security Patrol
Conduct a Squad-Sized Security Patrol Issue a Patrol Warning Order
Issue a Patrol Order Conduct Patrol Inspections Conduct Patrol Rehearsals
Conduct Patrolling Immediate Action Drills Prepare Patrol Routes
TACTICAL MEASURES
Conduct Refresher Training on Fire Team-Size Combat Formations
Prepare a Terrain Model
Control Movement of Fire Team-Size Unit Establish Defensive Positions for a Fire
Team-Size Unit
Establish an Observation Outpost (OP) / Listening Post (LP)
Direct Erection of Wire Obstacles Control Unit Fires
Control Movement of a Squad-Size Unit Establish Defensive Positions for a Squad-Size
Unit
Adjust Indirect Fire Establish a Landing Zone Direct a Helicopter Landing Zone Direct the MEDEVAC of a Casualty
NBC DEFENSE
Prepare NBC I Report (Observer's Report) Implement Mission-Oriented Protective Posture
(MOPP)
Control the Spread of Contamination Minimize Adverse Effects of Wearing MOPP
Gear for Prolonged Periods
FIRST AID AND FIELD SANITATION Enforce Proper Field Sanitation
Conduct Refresher First Aid and Field Sanitation Training
COMMUNICATIONS Install a Hot Loop
Operate an AN/PRC-138 Field Radio Set Enter a Radio Telephone Net
Maintain Communications Security by Using the Numeral Cipher/Authentication System Conduct Refresher Training on How to Operate
the AN/PRC-104/119 Radio Set
Conduct Refresher Training on How to Operate Field Telephones
Supervise Operator Level Maintenance of Portable Communications Equipment
BOOK 3
Construction Battalion Battle Skills Guide, Book 3, E-7 and Above, Individual Skills consists of the
following:
CREW-SERVED WEAPONS Employ Machine Guns
Select M60E3 Machine Gun Firing Positions Select M2/MK19 Machine Gun Firing Positions Assign a Machine Gun FPL/PDF
TACTICAL MEASURES
Issue a Fragmentary Order for a Defensive Mission
Prepare a Fire Plan for Platoon-Size Defensive Position
Control Defensive Fires
Direct the Placement of Wire Obstacles Establish a Company-Size Command Post Prepare Operation Overlay
Direct Casualty Evacuation
Direct the Handling of Captured Enemy Personnel
NBC DEFENSE
Supervise Conduct of Mask Confidence Exercise
Assist Commander on Unmasking Procedures Execute Protective Measures for a Nuclear
Attack
Execute Protective Measures for a Biological and Chemical Attack
Prepare NBC 4 Report (Reconnaissance, Monitoring, and Survey Results)
Lead MOPP Gear Exchange COMMUNICATIONS
Apply the Elements of Communications Supervise Unit's Individual Training in Communications
BOOK 4
Construction Battalion Battle Skills Guide, Book 4, Crew/Team Skills consists of the following:
INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS Employ NMCB Organic Weapons Maintain the M203 Grenade Launcher
Engage Targets with M203 Grenade Launcher Engage Targets with the AT4
CREW-SERVED WEAPONS Maintain the M60E3 Machine Gun Engage Ground Targets with the M60E3
Machine Gun
Maintain the M2 Machine Gun
Engage Ground Targets with the M2 Machine Gun
Maintain the MKI9 Machine Gun
Engage Ground Targets with the MKI9 Machine Gun
Perform as an M60E3 Machine Gun Team Leader
Perform as an M2/MI9 Machine Gun Team Leader
Construct Machine Gun Positions Determine Range
Prepare a Range Card
Control Machine Gun Team Fires Lay an M60E3/M2 Machine Gun Lay an MK19 Machine Gun Zero the M60E3 Machine Gun
Zero the M60E3 Machine Gun Using Night Vision Sight
Zero the M2 Machine Gun
Zero the M2 Machine Gun Using Night Vision Zero the MKI9 Machine Gun
Zero the MKI9 Machine Gun Using Night Vision Sight
Supervise the Construction of Machine Gun Positions
Control Machine Gun Squad Fires Supervise Maintenance of Machine Guns Maintain the 60mm Mortar
Perform Safety Check on the 60mm Mortar
Determine the Error in a Lensatic Compass Declinate an M2 Compass
Select a Mortar Position Mount the 60mm Mortar Boresight the Mortar
Lay the Mortar, Reciprocal Lay or Section Parallel
Lay the Mortar, Direct Lay Lay the Mortar, Direct Alignment
Lay the Mortar For Small and Large Deflection and Elevation Changes
Store Mortar Ammunition in the Field Prepare 60mm Mortar Ammunition for Firing Assist in Clearing a Misfire on the 60mm Mortar Fire the Mortar
Fire 60mm Mortar in Hand Held Mode Refer/Realign the Mortar
Adjust Fire
Adjust Mortar Fire without an FDC Register a Mortar FPF
Engage Targets with Mortar Fire Using Traversing and Searching Fires Burn Mortar Increments
Compute Firing Data Manually Record Target Data
Issue Fire Commands
Supervise the Firing of Simultaneous Missions Supervise Firing of A Coordinated Illumination
Mission
Supervise Firing in Support of CAS/CIFS Operate a One Man FDC for the 60mm Mortar
Section
Tactically Employ a 60 mm Mortar Section/Platoon
Supervise Unit Individual Weapons Training Supervise Unit Crew-Served Weapon Training Supervise Unit Mortar Training
Prepare a Fire Support Plan for Platoon-Size Defensive Operations
COMBAT SKILLS TASKS
WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1)
Purpose: This weapons handling section prepares a Seabee to employ individual weapons safely and confidently and standardizes procedures used during training and combat to enhance safety and ensure consistency for loading, unloading, and employing individual small arms.
SAFETY RULES
These safety rules apply to all weapons at all times, and must never be violated. RULE # 1 Treat every weapon as if it were loaded.
RULE # 2 Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot. RULE # 3 Keep finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire. RULE # 4 Keep weapon on safe until you intend to fire.
WEAPONS CARRIES
Tactical Carry: Use when no immediate threat is present. Locate the buttstock of the weapon to the side of your body at approximately hip level with the muzzle angled up and in the direction of the enemy (Figure 1).
Alert: Use when enemy contact is likely. Place the buttstock of the weapon in the pocket of your shoulder with the muzzle angled down at approximately 45 degrees in the likely direction of the enemy (Figure 2).
Figure 2
Ready: Use when enemy contact is imminent. Place the buttstock of the weapon in the pocket of your shoulder with the muzzle pointed in the direction of likely enemy contact. A clear field of view is maintained over the weapon sights until the target has been identified (Figure 3).
1. Handle the M16A3 rifle.
CONDITION CODES
Condition 1 Magazine inserted, round in chamber, bolt forward, safety on and ejection port cover closed.
Condition 2 Not applicable to the M16A3.
Condition 3 Magazine inserted, chamber empty, bolt forward, safety on and ejection port cover closed.
Condition 4 Magazine removed, chamber empty, bolt forward, safety on and ejection port cover closed.
COMMANDS "UNLOAD" Place the M16A3 in condition 4. "LOAD" Place the M16A3 in condition 3. "MAKE READY" Place the M16A3 in condition 1.
"FIRE" Take the M16A3 off safe, engage targets. "UNLOAD,
SHOW CLEAR" Take the M16A3 from any condition to condition 4, pausing with the bolt locked to the rear and ejection port COVER open to allow for a secondary inspection of the chamber.
a. Execute "UNLOAD", ensuring clear and safe weapon.
1) Ensure weapon is on SAFE. If weapon will not go on SAFE, perform steps 2) through 5). 2) Rotate weapon with ejection port down.
3) Pull and lock the bolt to the rear.
4) Ensure the chamber is empty and no ammunition is present.
5) Release the charging handle and observe bolt going forward on an empty chamber. NOTE: Put the weapon on SAFE now if it would not go on SAFE earlier.
b. Execute LOAD, taking the weapon from condition 4 to condition 3. 1) Ensure the weapon is in condition 4.
2) Withdraw a magazine from the magazine pouch. 3) Ensure the magazine is filled.
4) Fully insert magazine in the magazine well.
5) Tap upward on bottom of magazine first, then tug downward on the magazine to ensure that it is held secure into the rifle by the magazine catch.
6) Close the magazine pouch. 7) Close the ejection port cover.
c. Execute MAKE-READY, taking the weapon from condition 3 to condition 1.
1) Pull the charging handle fully to the rear and release allowing the bolt to spring home. Push the forward assist to ensure the bolt is seated properly.
2) Check sights.
3) Close ejection port cover (if time and situation permit).
NOTE: To ensure that ammunition has been chambered pull the charging handle slightly to the rear and visually inspect the chamber. (You may tap the forward assist to ensure the bolt closes after inspecting the chamber.) CAUTION: Pulling the charging handle too far to the rear when inspecting the
chamber may cause a double feed or eject one round of ammunition. d. Execute FIRE.
1) Take weapon off safe, and place finger on trigger. 2) Engage target.
e. Execute UNLOAD, SHOW CLEAR, taking the weapon from any condition to condition 4. 1) Attempt to put weapon on SAFE.
2) Remove the magazine from weapon and retain it on your person. 3) Rotate weapon until ejection port is down.
4) Lock the bolt to the rear.
5) Ensure chamber is empty and no ammunition is present.
7) Release bolt catch and observe bolt going forward on an empty chamber. 8) Close ejection port cover.
9) Check sights.
10) Recover, inspect and insert any unspent ejected ammunition, that has not had an attempt at firing, into magazine (Omit this step at night).
11) Return magazine to magazine pouch and close pouch.
NOTE: Loaded magazines are down, empty ones are up. f. Execute "Immediate Action - Firing Stoppage"
Definition: Immediate action is an unhesitating response by an individual to a weapon firing stoppage without investigating the cause.
TAP: Slap the bottom of the magazine.
RACK: Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. BANG: Sight and fire.
WARNING: If your rifle stops firing with a live round in the chamber of a hot barrel remove the round quickly. However, if you cannot remove the round within 10 seconds, remove the magazine and wait 15 minutes with the muzzle pointed in a safe direction.
NOTE: DURING COMBAT, THE PACE OF THE BATTLE WILL DICTATE HOW LONG YOU WILL BE ABLE TO WAIT UNTIL ATTEMPTS ARE MADE TO CLEAR THE ROUND. g. Execute "Remedial Action".
NOTE: Remedial action is performed if immediate action fails to clear the stoppage. 1) If "POP" or reduced recoil is experienced during firing, immediately CEASE-FIRE.
Do not apply immediate action, complete the following steps: a) Place the selector lever on the SAFE position.
b) Remove the magazine. c) Lock the bolt to the rear.
d) Visually inspect and/or insert a cleaning rod into the bore to ensure there is no bullet lodged in the bore of the rifle.
CONDITION CODES Condition 1 Round in chamber, action closed, safety on. Condition 2 Not applicable to the M203.
Condition 3 Not applicable to the M203.
Condition 4 Chamber empty, action closed, safety on.
COMMANDS
"UNLOAD" Place the M203 in condition 4. "MAKE READY" Place the M203 in condition 1.
a. Execute "UNLOAD", ensuring clear and safe weapon. 1) Attempt to put the weapon on SAFE.
2) Depress the barrel latch and push the barrel assembly forward catching the round as it is extracted from the chamber (Figure 4).
3) Secure the round.
4) Inspect the chamber to ensure that no ammunition is present.
5) Pull the barrel assembly to the rear until the latch locks into position (Figure 5).
Figure 4 Figure 5
6) Put the weapon on SAFE.
2) Depress barrel latch and push barrel assembly all the way forward (Figure 6).
Figure 6 Figure 7
3) Insert round into chamber until fully seated (Figure 7).
4) Pull barrel assembly to the rear until the barrel latch locks into position (Figure 5). c. Execute "Immediate Action - Firing Stoppage".
Definition: Immediate action is an unhesitating response by an individual to a weapon firing stoppage without investigating the cause.
1) Take immediate action for a HANGFIRE.
Note: Hangfire is a delay in the propellant charge igniting.
Warning: Keep muzzle on target and clear all personnel from the area (at least 80 meters or 264 feet). Wait 30 seconds before removing round.
a) Unload the round and catch it, or unload close to ground for a short fall. b) Store the round at a safe distance away from serviceable ammunition until it is
determined whether the round or the weapon is defective. c) A dented primer is a hangfire. Handle accordingly.
2) Take immediate action for a MISFIRE.
Note: Misfire is a failure to fire. Handle the same way as a hangfire.
Warning: Keep muzzle on target and clear all personnel from the area (at least 80 meters or 264 feet). Wait 30 seconds before removing round.
a) If the primer is not dented, the firing mechanism is faulty. A dented primer is a hangfire. Handle accordingly.
1) Take remedial action.
2) Performing the test/inspections and corrective actions in the order listed.
PROBLEM CHECK FOR HOW TO FIX IT
Failure to fire. Too much oil or water in back of breech insert.
Dirt and or residue in firing pin hole.
Dirt in locator slot.
Faulty ammunition
With barrel installed, apply few drops of CLP through firing pin hole. Keep weapon pointed up 10-15 seconds. Cycle weapon and squeeze trigger to spread the oil (Figure 8).
Clean area around breech insert and firing pin hole using CLP. (Figure 9). Clean all dust and dirt from weapon using CLP and wiping rag.
Keep locator slot clean. Wipe inside of barrel with wiping rag soaked in CLP (Figure 10). Replace ammunition.
Failure to extract. Casing stuck in barrel. Remove casing by tapping with rifle cleaning rod (Figure 11). Failure to chamber. Faulty ammunition or dirty
chamber.
Replace ammunition or clean bore and chamber (Figure 12). Failure to lock. Dirty follower or receiver cavity. Return weapon to your unit
armorer.
3) If weapon still fails to fire after performing remedial action, turn weapon in to your unit armorer.
Figure 8 Figure 9
WEAPONS HANDLING, HANDGUNS (1-2)
Purpose: This weapons handling section prepares a Seabee to employ handguns safely and confidently and standardizes procedures used during training and combat to enhance safety and ensure consistency for loading, unloading, and employing handguns
These safety rules apply to all weapons at all times, and must never be violated. RULE # 1 Treat every weapon as if it were loaded.
RULE # 2 Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot. RULE # 3 Keep finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire. RULE # 4 Keep weapon on safe until you intend to fire.
WEAPONS CARRIES
Tactical Carry: To be used when enemy contact is likely. The arms are extended down at a 45-degree angle to the body while holding the pistol firmly with both hands. The
decocking/safety lever is in the safe position. The finger is straight along the receiver of the pistol (Figure 1).
Alert: Use when enemy contact is likely in a close quarters environment, and when rounding blind corners and room entries. The decocking/safety lever is in the safe position. The finger is straight along the receiver of the pistol (Figure 2).
Ready: To be used when enemy contact is imminent. The arms extend towards the target, the decocking/safety lever is placed in the fire position. Once the arms are fully extended and the weapon is just below eye level the Seabee is in the ready position (Figure 3).
1. Handle the M9 Pistol.
CONDITION CODES
Condition 1 Magazine inserted, round in chamber, slide forward, hammer down and decocking/safety lever on.
Condition 2 Not applicable to the M9.
Condition 3 Magazine inserted, chamber empty, slide forward, and decocking/safety lever on. Condition 4 Magazine removed, chamber empty, slide forward, and decocking/safety lever on.
COMMANDS UNLOAD Place the M9 pistol in condition 4. LOAD Place the M9 pistol in condition 3. MAKE READY Place the M9 pistol in condition 1.
FIRE Place the M9 pistol in condition 1 with the safety lever placed in the fire position and engage target.
UNLOAD,
SHOW CLEAR Take the M9 pistol from any condition to condition 4, pausing with the slide locked to the rear to allow for a secondary inspection of the chamber.
a. Execute "UNLOAD", ensure pistol is clear and safe. 1) Place the decocking/safety lever in the safe position.
2) Remove the magazine from the pistol and retain it on your person. 3) Pull the slide to the rear.
4) Ensure that the chamber is empty and no ammunition is present. 5) Release the slide, allowing it to go forward on an empty chamber. 6) Place the pistol in the holster.
2) Withdraw the magazine from the ammunition pocket. 3) Ensure that the magazine is filled.
4) Fully insert the magazine into the magazine well.
c. Execute MAKE READY, taking the M9 pistol from condition 3 to condition 1. - Pull the slide fully to the rear and release.
d. Execute FIRE
1) Take the pistol off safe, and place your finger on the trigger. 2) Engage target.
e. Execute UNLOAD, SHOW CLEAR, taking the M9 pistol from any condition to condition 4. 1) Place the decocking/safety lever in the safe position.
2) Remove the magazine from the pistol and retain it on your person. 3) Lock the slide to the rear.
4) Ensure that the chamber is empty and no ammunition is present.
5) Have a second party inspect the chamber to ensure that no ammunition is present. 6) Release the slide, allowing it to go forward on an empty chamber.
7) Place the pistol in the holster.
8) Recover, inspect, and insert any unspent, ejected ammunition that has not had an attempt at firing into the magazine (omit this step at night).
TASK: MAINTAIN THE M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE (1-3)
CONDITIONS: GIVEN AN M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE WITH MAGAZINE, AND A SMALL ARMS MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT CASE.
STANDARD: THE SEABEE MUST MAINTAIN THE M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE AS PER THE REFERENCES.
EVALUATION GUIDELINES TO BE USED DURING TRAINING:
Conditions: The Seabee is provided an M16A3 service rifle in a safe condition with a small arms maintenance equipment case.
Standard: The Seabee must disassemble the rifle. The Seabee must lay out the parts on a clean surface in the disassembled sequence and must reassemble it in reverse order. The Seabee will clean, inspect and lubricate thoroughly all parts of the rifle. After assembly the Seabee must engage the safety mechanism. The rifle must function properly.
Administrative Note: See: WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1)
PERFORMANCE STEPS:
1. Place the weapon in condition 4. (See: WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1).) 2. Disassemble the weapon.
a. Remove the sling.
NOTE: Do not remove the silver metal heatshield inside the handguard during maintenance.
c. Push in on the takedown pin (left to right) as far as it will go, allowing the upper receiver to pivot away from the lower receiver (Figure 2).
d. Push the receiver pivot pin (Figure 3)
Figure 2 Figure 3
e. Separate the upper and lower receivers (Figure 4).
f. Turn the upper receiver upside down to remove the charging handle. Pull back the charging handle and bolt carrier (Figure 5).
Figure 4 Figure 5
g. Remove the bolt carrier and bolt (Figure 6). h. Remove the charging handle (Figure 7).
i. Remove the firing pin retaining pin (Figure 8).
j. Drop the firing pin out of the rear of the bolt carrier (Figure 9).
Figure 8 Figure 9
k. Place the bolt assembly in the locked position (Figure 10). l. Remove the bolt cam pin (Figure 11).
Figure 10 Figure 11
m. Remove the bolt assembly from carrier (Figure 12). n. Use the firing pin to push out the extractor pin (Figure 13).
Figure 12 Figure 13
o. Remove the extractor and spring (Figure 14).
p. Press in buffer, depress the retainer, and release the buffer (Figure 15).
Figure 14 Figure 15
q. Remove the buffer and the action spring (Figure 16).
Figure 16 NOTE: No further disassembly allowed.
3. Perform detailed cleaning.
a. Clean the bore.
NOTE: The bore of the M16A3 has lands and grooves called rifling. Rifling makes the bullet spin very fast as it moves down the bore and down range. Because it twists so quickly, it is difficult to push a new, stiff bore brush through the bore. It is much easier to pull the bore brush through the bore. Also, because the brush will clean better if the bristles follow the grooves (called tracking), allow the bore brush to turn as you pull it through.
1) Swab out the bore with a patch moistened with current approved cleaning solvent (CLP - cleaner, lubricant, and preservative; LSA - weapons lubricating oil, semi fluid; and LAW - weapons lubricating oil arctic).
2) Attach three-rod sections and bore brush together, but leave each about two turns short of being tight.
NOTE: Always have the bore wet with cleaner before trying to pull a brush
through. When using a bore brush, don't reverse direction while in the bore. 3) Point the muzzle down. Hold the upper receiver in one hand while inserting the end of the
rod without the brush into the chamber. Let the rod fall straight through the bore (Figure 17).
4) Two to three inches will be sticking out of the muzzle at this point. Attach the handle section of the cleaning rod to the end of the rod sticking out of the muzzle (Figure 18).
Figure 17 Figure 18
6) Pull the brush through the bore and the muzzle. If you watch closely, you can see the rod twisting as you pull it.
7) After one pull, take off the handle section and repeat the process. After three or four pulls, you will see that the three-rod sections and the bore brush are screwing together. Loosen them up and repeat the process.
8) Punch the bore with a bore patch once in a while to help clean out the carbon fouling, dirt, and other debris which the brush has loosened. You can use the same technique as described above to save time. Just replace the bore brush with the rod tip (patch holder) and a wet patch. Drop it through. You won't need to attach the handle to pull only a patch through. If you leave the rods loose again, the patch will "track" in the rifling as before. b. Clean the upper receiver.
1) Clean the following with cleaner, lubricant and preservative (CLP): a) All areas of powder fouling, corrosion, dirt, and rust
b) Bore and chamber c) Locking lugs d) Gas tube
2) Swab out the chamber with a patch moistened with CLP. 3) Attach the handle and chamber brush to one-rod section.
4) Insert the chamber brush into chamber, and turn it in one direction only (Figure 19). CAUTION: Do not use wire brush or any type of abrasive material to clean
aluminum surfaces.
c. Clean the following parts of the bolt carrier group (Figure 20):
Figure 19 Figure 20
1) Outer and inner surfaces of bolt carrier 2) Carrier key
3) Firing pin recess and firing pin 4) Firing pin hole (use pipe cleaner)
5) Carbon deposits and dirt from locking lugs 6) Areas behind bolt ring and under lip of extractor c. Clean the lower receiver group (Figure 21).
Figure 21
1) Check all areas for powder fouling, corrosion, and dirt. 2) Wipe the dirt from the trigger mechanism.
3) Clean the buffer, action spring, and inside lower receiver extension. e. Clean the ejector.
1) Remove ejector from the bolt carrier. Hold it in your hands with the ejector down and the extractor up (Refer to figure 14).
2) Place a few drops of CLP around the ejector to form a puddle (Figure 22). 3) Place a fired or dummy case under the lip of the extractor.
Figure 22 Figure 23
NOTE: Because the ejector is spring-loaded, you will feel some resistance. b) Press on the case until it stops against bolt.
c) Ease off with your thumb slightly, and press down again. d) Repeat several times.
e) Replace the CLP frequently.
NOTE: Once the spring action of the ejector is smooth and strong, dry off any excess CLP.
4. Perform inspection.
a. Inspect the bolt for cracks or fractures, especially in the cam pinhole area; bolts that contain pits extending into the firing pin hole need replacement.
b. Inspect the firing pin to ensure that it is not bent, cracked, blunted, and has no sharp end. c. Inspect the firing pin retaining pin to ensure that it is not bent or badly worn.
d. Inspect the cam pin to ensure that it is not cracked, chipped, or missing.
e. Inspect the extractor for chipped or broken edges in the area of the lip that engages the cartridge rim. Check to ensure the rubber insert is inside the extractor spring (Figure 24).
Figure 24
NOTE: If parts are missing or defective, see your gunners mate.
5. Lubricate the weapon.
a. Use CLP as follows: 1) Lube Guide:
a) Under all but the coldest arctic conditions, LSA or CLP are the lubricants to use on your weapon.
b) Between 10°F (-12°C) and -10°F (-23°C) use CLP, LSA or LAW.
c) Below -10°F (-23°C) use only LAW. Remember to remove excessive oil from the bore before firing.
d) Lightly oil - A film of oil barely visible to the eye. e) CLP - Cleaner, lubricant and preservative. f) LSA - Weapons lubricating oil, semi fluid. g) LAW - Weapons lubricating oil, arctic. 2) Always shake the bottle well before use. 3) Place a few drops on a patch or rag.
NOTE: Do not use hot water or other solvents because it will wash away the Teflon lubricant that has been building up as a result of your use of CLP.
b. Lightly lube the inside of the upper receiver, bore and chamber outer surfaces of the barrel and front sight, and the surfaces under the handguards.
c. Depress the front sight detent and apply two or three drops of CLP. Depress several times to work lube into the spring (Figure 25).
d. Lubricate the bolt carrier group.
1) Generously lube the outside of the bolt and the bolt cam pin (Figure 26). Be sure to lube the cam pin area, bolt rings, and outside of the bolt body. Put a light coat on the extractor and pin.
Figure 25 Figure 26
2) Lubricate the carrier key (Figure 27).
3) Lightly lube the charging handle and the inner and outer surfaces of the bolt carrier. Generously lube the slide and cam pin area of the bolt carrier (Figure 28).
Figure 27 Figure 28
CAUTION: Use only a light coat of CLP on the firing pin and firing pin recess in the bolt.
1) Lightly lube the inside of the lower receiver extension, buffer, and action spring (Figure 29). 2) Generously lube takedown and pivot pins, detents, and moving parts inside the lower
receiver (Figure 30).
Figure 29 Figure 30
f. Lubricate the adjustable rear sight (Figure 31).
Figure 31
NOTE: Make a note of how far you move the sights so that they can be returned to their original position at the completion of this task.
1) Use one or two drops of CLP. Rotate these parts to ensure lubricant is spread evenly above and below them:
a) Elevation knob b) Elevation screw shaft
d) Detent holes
2) Lube elevation screw shaft also from inside the upper receiver as follows: a) Turn upper receiver upside down.
b) Remove charging handle.
c) Put two or three drops on bottom of elevation screw shaft and in elevation detent spring hole.
d) Rotate the elevation dial back and forth a few times while keeping the upper receiver upside down.
3) Reset sights to original setting.
6. Reassemble the M16A3.
a. Insert the action spring and buffer (Figure 32). b. Insert the extractor and spring
c. Push in the extractor pin, while maintaining downward pressure on the extractor (Figure 33).
Figure 32 Figure 33
NOTE: Ensure gas ring gaps are evenly space at 120 degrees. d. Slide the bolt into the bolt carrier (Figure 34).
e. Replace the bolt cam (Figure 35).
WARNING: Ensure that the cam pin is installed in the bolt group. Firing without the cam pin installed will explode the weapon.
f. Drop in and seat the firing pin (Figure 36). g. Pull out on the bolt (Figure 37).
Figure 36 Figure37
h. Replace the firing pin retaining pin (Figure 38).
i. Engage and then push the charging handle part way (Figure 39). j. Slide in the bolt group (Figure 40).
Figure 39 Figure 40
k. Push the charging handle and the bolt carrier group together (Figure 41). l. Join the upper and the lower receivers (Figure 42).
Figure 41 Figure 42
CAUTION: Selector lever must be on SAFE or SEMI before closing the upper receiver. n. Close the upper and the lower receiver groups. Push in on the takedown pin.
o. Place the rifle on the buttstock and press down on the slip ring with your hand (Figure 44). p. Install one handguard on top and the other on the bottom.
NOTE: The round handguards are identical (top or bottom). q. Snap on sling.
7. Perform a before operation check and a function check
a. Remove excess oil, see (Figure 45).
Figure 44 Figure 45
1) SAFE: Pull charging handle to the rear and release. Place the weapon on SAFE. Pull trigger. Hammer should not fall.
2) SEMI Place selector lever in SEMI. Pull trigger and hold to rear. Hammer should fall. Pull charging handle to rear and release. Release trigger and pull again. Hammer should fall.
3) AUTO Place selector lever on AUTO. Pull charging handle to rear and release. Pull trigger and hold to rear. Hammer should fall. Pull charging handle to rear three times and release. Release trigger and pull again. Hammer should fall.
d. Insert the magazine and check to ensure that it is secure. 8. Disassemble, clean, and reassemble the magazine.
a. Release the base catch (Figure 46), use any flat tip metal like screw driver. b. Remove the magazine base (Figure 47).
Figure 46 Figure 47
c. Jiggle the spring and the follower for removal (Figure 48).
NOTE: Do not remove follower from spring.
d. Wipe dirt from the tube, spring, and follower; then lightly lube the spring. e. Insert the follower and jiggle spring to install.
f. Slide the base under all four tabs until the base catches.
NOTE: Ensure that the printing is on the outside of the base during reassembly.
REFERENCES:
TASK: ZERO THE M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE (1-4)
CONDITIONS: GIVEN THE M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE WITH MAGAZINE, AMMUNITION, AND A TEST TARGET.
STANDARD: THE SEABEE MUST ZERO THE RIFLE AS PER THE REFERENCES. EVALUATION GUIDLINES TO BE USED DURING TRAINING:
Conditions: The Seabee is provided an M16A3 rifle, magazines, ammunition, data book, and a
25 meter zeroing target.
Standard: The Seabee must zero the rifle, fire the weapon, and determine the adjustments needed, and apply the corrections to his/her rifle.
Administrative Note: See : WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1)
PERFORMANCE STEPS:
1. Place the weapon in condition 4. (See : WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS
(1-1).)
2. Establish the initial sight setting on the windage indicator, the elevation knob, and the front sight post.
a. Depress the detent on the front sight and rotate the front sight either up or down until the base of the sight is flush with the surrounding housing (Figure 1).
b. Center the rear sight aperture by turning the windage knob left or right. This is called the initial sight setting (Figure 2).
c. Rotate the elevation knob in the down direction (counterclockwise). The elevation knob should stop three clicks past the 300-meter mark. The rear sight should be all the way down on the last whole "click" before it bottoms out. Once it bottoms out, rotate the rear sight elevation knob up (clockwise) four clicks. This places the elevation setting at 8/3-2, which is the initial sight setting for the rear sight (Figure 3).
Figure 3
NOTE: Large aperture marked 0-2 is used for target engagement during limited visibility or when a greater field of view is desired. Small aperture is used for zeroing and normal firing situations.
NOTE: If your range scale will not line up in the above manner, an armorer will be required to adjust the range scale for you.
3. Zero the rifle using the 25-meter zeroing procedures.
a. Perform the following steps and establish a zero at 25 meters.
1) Establish initial sight setting on the windage indicator, elevation knob, and the front sight post (as performed in paragraph 2).
2) Rotate the elevation knob "up" one click past the 300-meter mark. From this point on, the rear sight elevation knob should not be moved. Make all required elevation adjustments on the front sight post only.
NOTE: a) Use only authorized ammunition that is manufactured according to U.S. or NATO specifications.
WARNINGS: Do not fire if ammunition has the following: (1) Serious corrosion.
(2) Dented cartridges.
(3) Cartridges with loose bullets.
(4) Cartridges exposed to extreme heat (135°°°°F) until they have cooled. (5) Cartridges with the bullet pushed in (short rounds).
b) Keep the ammunition dry, clean, and free of dirt and debris. 5) Aim and fire a 3-shot group at the center of the target bull's-eye.
6) If your shot group is not in the center of the bull's-eye, use the squares on the target sheet to calculate the required "clicks" necessary to move your next shot group into the bull's-eye. The squares are numbered around the edges of the target to equal the number of "clicks" required to move the shot group to the bull's-eye (Figure 4).
7) Rotate the front sight post clockwise to raise your next 3-shot group. (One click will move the strike of the bullet one vertical square on the target sheet.)
8) Rotate the front sight post counterclockwise to lower your next shot group. (One click, equals one square.)
9) Make the changes in windage with the windage knob. (Three clicks will move the strike of the bullet one horizontal square on the target sheet.)
10) Turn the windage knob counterclockwise to move the shot group to the left. 11) Turn the windage knob clockwise to move the shot group to the right. 12) Aim and fire another 3-shot group.
13) Make all required elevation and windage adjustments.
14) Aim and fire a final 4-shot group at center of target bull's-eye to confirm the zero setting. 15) If your group is in the center of the target, rotate the elevation knob one click "down." This
calibrates your battle sight zero. (The range scale's 300-meter mark should now be aligned with the mark on the receiver.)
16) "UNLOAD," taking the weapon to condition 4.
TASK: ENGAGE TARGETS WITH THE M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE (1-5)
CONDITIONS: GIVEN A TACTICAL SCENARIO IN ANY COMBAT ENVIROMENT (DAY AND NIGHT), AN M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE, ALL INDIVIDUAL COMBAT EQUIPMENT (782 GEAR), FIELD PROTECTIVE MASK, AND AMMUNITION.
STANDARD: THE SEABEE MUST EFFECTIVELY ENGAGE TARGETS WITH THE M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE AS PER THE REFERENCES.
EVALUATION GUIDELINES TO BE USED DURING TRAINING:
Conditions: The Seabee is provided a tactical scenario in a combat environment (day and night), an M16A3 service rifle, all individual combat equipment (782 gear), a field protective mask, and ammunition.
Standard: The Seabee must handle the weapon safely at all times, select the correct ammunition, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, load, estimate range to target, respond to fire commands, and then effectively hit the targets at different ranges, day and night. The Seabee must don, clear, and check the field protective mask, and engage a target. The Seabee must also perform immediate action and remedial actions, then unload and ensure that the weapon is completely safe.
Administrative Notes: The marksmanship-training program includes preliminary training, and known and unknown distance firing. Marksmanship training also includes the field firing techniques of offense, defense, fire and movement, varied circumstances, and firing within an NBC environment. See: WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1).
Attachment: (A1) FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKSMANSHIP
PERFORMANCE STEPS:
1. Apply the basic marksmanship fundamentals. (The Seabee must demonstrate proficiency in the application of the fundamentals of marksmanship as outlined in Attachment (A1). These fundamentals are prerequisites to performing the task).
a. Proper aiming of the M16A3 service rifle. 1) Sight alignment
2) Stock weld 3) Eye relief 4) Sight picture b. Proper breath control. c. Proper trigger control.
1) Uninterrupted 2) Interrupted
d. Proper shooting positions. 1) Sitting
2) Kneeling 3) Prone 4) Standing
e. Compensate for the effects of weather. 1) Wind
2) Temperature 3) Precipitation 4) Light
2. Place the weapon in condition 4. (See: WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS
(1-1).)
3. Prepare the M16A3 service rifle for firing.
a. Ensure that the weapon is properly assembled and functioning for firing. (See TASK: MAINTAIN THE M16A3 SERVICE RIFLE (1-3).)
b. Ensure that you use the correct ammunition.
1) Use only authorized ammunition that is manufactured according to U.S. or NATO specifications.
WARNINGS: Do not fire if ammunition has the following: a) Serious corrosion
b) Dented cartridges
c) Cartridges with loose bullets
d) Cartridges exposed to extreme heat (135°F) until they have cooled e) Cartridges with the bullet pushed in (short rounds)
3) Execute "LOAD," taking the weapon from condition 4 to condition 3. (See: WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1).)
4) Execute "MAKE READY," taking the weapon from condition 3 to condition 1. (See: WEAPONS HANDLING SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1).)
4. Estimate the range to target.
a. Estimate the range to target by eye using the mental unit of measure method. 1) Visualize a 100-meter distance on the ground (Figure 1).
Figure 1
NOTES: Sloping ground changes the appearance of 100-meter lengths. Ground that slopes upward makes these distances look longer than 100 meters, and ground that slopes downward makes these distances look shorter than 100 meters. Thus, the tendency is to underestimate 100-meter lengths on upslopes and overestimate them on downslopes.
The accuracy of the 100-meter method depends on how much ground is visible. However, this method is most true at long ranges. If a target is at a range of 500 meters or more, and you can only see part of the ground between yourself and the target, it is hard to use this method with accuracy.
2) With this unit of measurement, mentally determine how many of these 100-meter units are between your position and the target.
NOTES: Mental estimates should be checked by pacing off distance. The average man takes about 130 steps per 100 meters.
3) For distances beyond 500 meters (Figure 2), perform the following: a) Pick a point halfway to the target.
b) Count the number of 100-meter lengths to the halfway point. c) Double that number to get the range to the target.
Figure 2
b. Estimate the range to target by eye using the appearance of object method.
NOTE: When there are hills, woods, or other obstacles between the observer and target, or where most of the ground is hidden from view, it is impractical to apply the mental unit of measure method to determine range. In such cases, another method, based on appearance of objects, may be used. Through practice the Seabee must learn how objects familiar to him appear at various known ranges.
1) Watch a man when he is standing 100 meters away.
2) Fix the appearance of his size and the details of his features and equipment firmly in your mind. Watch him in the kneeling position, then in the prone position.
3) Compare the appearance of a man at 100, 200, 300, and 500 meters. NOTES: A series of mental pictures is now established.
When time and conditions permit, accuracy can be improved by averaging a number of estimates by different Seabees to determine the range.
5. Engage the target using field-firing techniques.
a. Search for targets.
1) Perform a hasty search of the area.
2) Conduct a 30-second visual search of the terrain to check for enemy activity when you move into an area.
3) Perform a detailed search of the area using the 50-meter overlapping strip method (Figure 3).
Figure 3
4) Visually scan the area in an arc of 180-degrees over 50 meters of distance at a time, beginning with the terrain nearest your position at either flank.
5) Search each 50 meters of distance from flank to flank using a 10-meter overlap to ensure that all areas are surveyed.
b. Possible indicators of targets. 1) Sound
2) Terrain features that may offer cover and concealment for the enemy 3) Improper camouflage
4) Movement on the terrain
6) Shine of metal objects c. Techniques for target location.
1) Maintain surveillance over the area.
2) Continue to glance at various points, focusing on specific features (rocks, trees, trenches, etc), after completing the detailed search.
3) Repeat all steps in the detailed search periodically and anytime that you have been distracted from your area.
6. Perform the fundamentals of marksmanship.
a. Assume a firing position (Refer to performance step1.). b. Compensate for the effects of weather.
c. Obtain the proper sight alignment. d. Obtain the proper sight picture. e. Apply the proper trigger control.
7. Respond to the fire commands.
NOTE: A complete fire command consists of six elements, easily remembered by the memory aid ADDRAC: ALERT, DIRECTION, DESCRIPTION, RANGE, ASSIGNMENT, and CONTROL.
a. The squad leader issues the following fire commands and the Seabee reacts accordingly. 1) ALERT: "SQUAD," "FIRE TEAM," etc.
2) DIRECTION of target: "RIGHT FRONT," "LEFT FRONT," etc.
3) DESCRIPTION of target: "ROCK PILE IN DRAW," "TALL TREE AT EDGE OF HEDGEROW," "STONE HOUSE," "RIGHT OF STONE HOUSE, SMALL SHED," etc. 4) RANGE setting: "ONE-SEVEN-FIVE," "TWO-FIVE-ZERO," "FOUR-HUNDRED," etc. 5) ASSIGNMENT: "AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN; RAPID," "FIRST TEAM; ASSULT
RIFLEMAN; RAPID," etc.
EXAMPLE OF COMPLETE FIRE COMMAND: "SQUAD"
"RIGHT FRONT"
"TROOPS IN TRENCH LINE" "TWO-FIVE-ZERO"
"AUTOMATIC RIFLEMAN, SUSTAINED RATE, "FIRST TEAM, AT THE RAPID RATE," "ALL OTHERS, FIRE AND MANEUVER LEFT."
"COMMENCE FIRING"
8. Engage the target.
a. Identify the type of target and use the correct procedure for engaging that specified type. 1) Stationary targets
a) Stay concealed. b) Locate enemy. 2) Multiple targets
a) Stay concealed.
b) Locate all enemy positions.
c) Engage enemy position, which represents the greatest threat. d) Engage other targets in rapid succession.
NOTE: Consider speed but emphasize accuracy. 3) Moving targets
a) Concentrate on the location of the most prominent target. b) Note point of disappearance of target.
b. Select correct fire procedures according to the position of the target and terrain features.
9. Assume field firing positions.
a. (See TASK: ASSUME FIELD FIRING POSITIONS (1-15).)
10. Fire the M16A3 service rifle while wearing the field protective mask.
a. Don, clear, and check your mask (See TASK: DON THE MCU-2A/P PROTECTIVE MASK (1-34).)
NOTES: This movement ensures that your eyes are well above the rifle and assists you in obtaining the correct horizontal alignment on the target. Placing your chin on either side of the stock will cause the muzzle of the rifle to pull to the right or left.
Keep both eyes open at all times for better vision and depth perception.
c. With your eyes above the rifle, move your hand slightly forward just before aligning the rifle on the target, forcing the rifle muzzle to drop.
NOTE: You may find it difficult to align the sights of your rifle while wearing the mask. The thickness of the lens and the bulk of the filter make it hard to obtain a good stock weld. To overcome this difficulty, place the butt of the stock slightly down and outward in your shoulder.
CAUTION: Avoid extreme firing positions in an attempt to obtain normal sight posture. Such a firing position could result in breaking the mask's seal.
11. Fire the M16A3 service rifle at night.
a. Adjust the rear sight aperture (Figure 4).
Figure 4
1) Flip the rear sight aperture to expose the larger aperture marked "0-2."
2) Rotate the rear sight elevation knob down until the 3 is aligned with the mark on the receiver. You will automatically get a zero of 200 meters. Use the 0-2 aperture when shooting at night (e.g., in a city or in a dense jungle).
b. Assume a good firing position.
NOTE: The same principles descibed in this task can be applied in any firing position (i.e., sitting, kneeling, standing, or prone).
NOTE: Your head must be well above the rifle to observe your target and the path of your tracer, and to get proper line of sight and fire alignment.
d. When the target is illuminated, quickly acquire it in your sights.
e. Shift your entire body to align on target with the best natural point of aim possible.
NOTE: You may want to place your chin on or near the top of the rifle stock to facilitate a stock weld that aligns the center line of sight with the center line of the rifle. f. Depress the muzzle of your rifle and fire one tracer round of ammunition.
g. Lock your body and "FREEZE."
h. Observe the path of the tracer to impact.
i. Adjust your entire body position to compensate for any errors.
j. Fire additional rounds of ammunition while holding your corrected point of aim.
NOTE: Avoid the natural tendency to elevate the muzzle until the front sight aligns with the target. This common error results in high misses.
12. Perform immediate action. (See: WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1).) 13. Perform remedial action. (See: WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1).) 14. "UNLOAD, SHOW CLEAR". (See: WEAPONS HANDLING, SHOULDER FIRED WEAPONS (1-1).)
REFERENCES:
FMFM 0-8, Basic Marksmanship
Weapons Drill Guide Battle Drill Guide
FMFM 6-5, Marine Rifle Squad
FMFM 6-8, Supporting Arms Observer, Spotter, and Controller FM 21-75, Combat Skills of the Soldier
MCO 3574.2G, Marksmanship Training with Individual Small Arms
TO 14P4-15-1, Operation and Maintenance Instructions with Illustrated Parts Breakdown, Chemical
Biological Mask Type, MCU-2A/P
ATTACHMENT (A-1) FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKSMANSHIP (1-6) 1. Aiming
a. Sight Alignment
The fundamental element of sight alignment is the relationship between the front and rear sight and the aiming eye. This relationship is critical to the aiming process and must remain consistent from shot to shot. There are three factors involved in obtaining and maintaining sight alignment: stock weld, eye relief, and the relationship between the front and rear sight.
b. Sight Picture Sight picture is the placement of the tip of the front sight post in relation to the target while maintaining sight alignment. The tip of the front sight post is placed at the center of the target.
c. Stock Weld Stock weld is the exact placement of the cheek against the stock of the rifle. The head should be as erect as possible so Seabees look straight out the aiming eye and straight through the rear sight aperture.
1) Eye Relief Eye relief is the distance between the rear sight aperture and the aiming eye. Eye relief varies from one position to another and is controlled by stock weld. Normal eye relief is 2-6 inches from the rear sight aperture.
2) Relationship between the Front and Rear Sights
The most natural relationship between the front and rear sights is to center the tip of the front sight in the rear sight aperture. This is accomplished by looking through the rear sight aperture and focusing on the tip of the front sight. The rear sight aperture appears blurry.
2. Breathing –
a. Breath Control
Proper breath control is critical to the aiming process. Breathing causes the body to move. This movement transfers to the rifle, making it impossible to maintain proper sight picture. It is critical that Seabees interrupt their breathing at a point of natural respiratory pause before firing a shot. A respiratory cycle lasts 4 to 5 seconds. Inhaling and exhaling require about 2 seconds each. Between each respiratory cycle there is a natural pause of 2 to 3 seconds. The pause can be extended up to 15 seconds. During the pause, breathing muscles are relaxed and the sights settle at their natural point of aim. Seabees must fire the shot during the respiratory pause.
3. Trigger Control
NOTE: Trigger control is the skillful manipulation of the trigger that causes the rifle to fire without disturbing sight alignment or sight picture. Controlling the trigger is a mental process, while pulling the trigger is a mechanical process. The two techniques of trigger control are uninterrupted and interrupted.
a. Uninterrupted Trigger Control
Using the uninterrupted trigger control technique, the trigger is pulled to the rear in a single, smooth motion. It is critical that the initial amount of trigger pressure is applied rapidly (normally one half the amount of the total trigger weight). Without disturbing sight alignment, apply the remaining pressure at a slower rate until the shot is fired.
b. Interrupted Trigger Control
Using the interrupted trigger control technique, the application of trigger pressure is interrupted for a short time. This occurs if the sight picture cannot be maintained for the time required to fire the shot using uninterrupted trigger control. If an error in aiming is detected, the applied pressure is maintained while the rifle returns to the aiming point. The application of trigger pressure is resumed until the shot is fired.
4. Positions
NOTE: This is written for the right-handed shooter. LEFT handed personnel should reverse instructions as needed.
a. Prone Positions
There are two types of prone positions: straight-leg and cocked-leg. Both positions are steady, easy to assume, and present a low silhouette. These positions provide maximum body contact with the ground and maximum stability for firing. After assuming the prone position, Seabees place as much body weight as possible behind the weapon. The angle of the body should not exceed 10 to 20 degrees to the right or left of the line of fire. If this position is used correctly, the weapon's recoil is absorbed by the whole body and not just the shoulder.
Figure 1 a) Stand erect (Figure 1A).
b) Face the target at an angle of not more than 20 degrees to the right of the line of fire. c) Place your left hand under handguard.
d) Spread feet approximately shoulder width apart.
e) Lower into position by dropping to both knees (Figure 1B).
f) Position upper body on ground using your right arm to break fall (Figure 1C) while fully extending and inverting left elbow (Figure 1D).
g) Rotate your elbow into a position directly underneath the rifle.
NOTE: The key to the prone position is the full extension and bending of the arm at the elbow directly underneath the rifle.
h) Grasp rifle butt with your right hand and place into the right shoulder pocket (Figure 1E). i) Grasp pistol grip with your right hand.
l) Point feet outboard.
m) Move your left hand to a location under the handguard, which provides maximum bone support and stability for the weapon.
2) Perform the following steps to assume the cocked-leg prone position (Figure 2F).
Figure 2 a) Stand erect (Figure 2A).
b) Face the target at a 10 to 20 degree angle to the right of the line of fire. c) Place your left under the handguard.
d) Spread feet approximately shoulder width apart.
e) Lower into position by dropping to both knees (Figure 2B).
f) Position upper body on ground using your right arm to break the fall (Figure 2C) while fully extending and inverting left elbow (Figure 2D).
g) Rotate your elbow into a position directly underneath the rifle.
NOTE: The key to the prone position is the full extension and bending of the arm at the elbow directly underneath the rifle.
h) Draw your right knee up not to exceed 45 degrees.
i) Grasp rifle butt with your right hand and place into your right shoulder pocket (Figure 2E). j) Grasp pistol grip with your right hand.
k) Rotate your body to the right and lower your elbow to the ground. l) Place cheek firmly against stock to obtain a firm stock weld. m) Point your right foot outboard and the left inboard.
n) Move your hand to a location under the hand guard, which provides maximum bone support and stability for the weapon.
b. Sitting Positions
There are three types of sitting positions: crossed-ankle, crossed-leg, and open-leg. All positions are easy to assume, present a medium silhouette, provide some body contact with the ground, and form a stable firing position. These positions allow easy access to the sights for zeroing. After assuming the sitting position, be sure as much of the body weight as possible is behind the weapon.
1) The crossed-ankle sitting position provides a broad base of support and places most of the body's weight behind the weapon to allow quick shot recovery. Perform the following steps to assume the crossed-ankle position (Figure 3F).
Figure 3 a) Stand erect (Figure 3A).
d) Bend at knees and break fall with right hand (Figure 3B).
e) Push backward with feet to extend legs and place buttocks to ground (Figure 3C). f) Cross left ankle over right ankle.
g) Bend forward at waist.
h) Place left elbow on left leg below knee (Figure 3E).
i) Grasp rifle butt with right hand and place into right shoulder pocket. j) Grasp pistol grip with right hand.
k) Lower right elbow to inside of right knee.
l) Place cheek firmly against stock to obtain a firm stock weld.
m) Move left hand to a location under the handguard, which provides maximum bone support and stability for the weapon.
2) The crossed-leg sitting position provides a medium base of support and places some of the body's weight behind the weapon for quick shot recovery. Seabees may experience a strong pulse beat in this position due to restricted blood flow in the legs and abdomen. An increased pulse causes a vertical bouncing movement of the front sight. Unless a very consistent rhythm of shooting is established, shots may be strung high and low over the aiming point. Perform the following steps to assume the crossed-leg position (Figure 4G).
a) Stand erect (Figure 4A).
b) Face the target at a 45 to 60 degree angle to the right of the line of fire. c) Place left hand under handguard.
d) Cross left leg over right leg (Figure 4B).
e) Bend at knees while breaking fall with right hand (Figure 4C). f) Place buttocks on ground close to crossed legs (Figure 4D).
NOTE: Ensure that the lower portions of your legs are supported by your feet. g) Bend forward at waist.
h) Place left elbow on left leg at the bend of the knee (Figure 4E).
i) Grasp rifle butt with right hand and place into right shoulder pocket (Figure 4F). j) Grasp pistol grip with right hand.
k) Lower right elbow to inside of right knee.
l) Place cheek firmly against stock to obtain a firm stock weld.
m) Move left hand to a location under the handguard, which provides maximum bone support and stability for the weapon.
3) The open-leg sitting position provides a medium base of support, places very little of the body's weight behind the weapon, and provides minimal bone support. Perform the following steps to assume the open-leg position (Figure 5F).
Figure 5 a) Stand erect (Figure 5A).
b) Face the target at a 30 to 40 degree angle to the right of the line of fire. c) Place feet approximately shoulder width apart.
d) Place left hand under handguard.
e) Bend at the knees while breaking fall with right hand (Figure 5B). Push backward with feet to extend legs and place buttocks on ground (Figure 5C).
f) Place left elbow on left leg below knee.
g) Grasp rifle butt with right hand and place into right shoulder pocket. h) Grasp pistol grip with right hand.
i) Lower right elbow to inside of right knee (Figure 5E). j) Place cheek firmly against stock to obtain a firm stock weld.
k) Move left hand to a location under the handguard, which provides maximum bone support and stability for the weapon.
c. Kneeling Positions.
There are three types of kneeling positions: high-kneeling, medium-kneeling, low-kneeling. All positions are easy to assume, present a medium silhouette, provide limited body contact with the ground, and form a stable firing position. Kneeling positions provide maximum mobility for quick reaction. After assuming the kneeling position, place as much of your body weight as possible behind the weapon.
1) Perform the following steps to assume the high-kneeling position (Figure 6G).
Figure 6 a) Stand erect (Figure 6A).
b) Face approximately 45 degrees to the right of the line of fire. c) Place left hand under handguard.
d) Step forward with left foot toward target (Figure 6B). Feet should be approximately shoulder width apart.