1.0) INTRODUCTION
What is Statistics?
Statistics is the science that deals with the collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of information/data in order to make decisions.
Statistics is divided into 2 parts: 1. Descriptive statistics 2. Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics Process of data gathering, presentation and
summary
Concerns with making conclusions or
inferences from samples about the populations from which they have been drawn.
Example: A researcher collects on the amount students spent on food, leisure and academic requirements from their study loan. He then summarizes the data by finding the mean and standard deviation of the data. He also did some graphs and charts to present his findings.
Example:
A researcher did an analysis to find out if it is true students spend less than 10% of their study loan text books.
A ) Mean is the sum of the values, divided by the total number of values.
B ) Median is the most centrally located (middle) value.
M =
C ) Mode is the value that occurs most often in the data set. It is said to be the most typical case.
= L + C
Variance and Standard deviation
-Variance is the average of the squares of the distance each value from the mean. The symbol for the population variance is , “sigma square”. Whereas for sample variance is .
=
-Standard deviation measure the distance of each value from the mean. It is the square root of the variance. The symbol for the population variance is , “sigma” and s for sample standard
1.1) Variable
No. Name Last two digits of I.C number
l Ahmad Farriz Bin Shahidan 950107145031
2 Ainur Anisha Binti Amijan 950619145692
3 Edriz Syahzrel Bin Zimi Hakiem 950213035135
4 Farrah Nuramanina Binti Mohd Anuar 950830145452
5 Juliza Binti Abu Bakar 950921675010
6 Khairul Fahmie Bin Nazree 950324015815
7 Mah Muddin Bin Amin 950609126543
8 Mohamad Hazwan Bin Tohid 950909016071
9 Mohamad Syazwi Akram Bin Ab Razak 950203075571
10 Mohamad Zaid Bin Mohd Sani 950806016511
11 Mohammad Asnizam Bin Ramdani 950721015085
12 Mohammad Azwan Bin Arifin 950729015055
13 Mohammad Shahrul Fahmy Bin Mohd azmi 950914016869
14 Mohd Haziq Bin Mazlan 960121015751
15 Mohd Nur Hafiz Bin Mahadi 950501055173
16 Muhamad Aiman Afiq Bin Jamal 950831016169
17 Muhamad Khairul Fitri Bin Sarimin 910419015483 18 Muhamad Nazmi Bin Mohamad Norrizal 951208145107
19 Muhamad Taufiq Bin A. Jalil 891015235155
20 Muhammad Amzar Bin Othman 950201145003
21 Muhammad Hambali Bin Md. Muidnudin 950405015593 22 Muhammad Irfan Syafri Bin Saifullizan 950420105351
23 Muhammad Najwan Bin Rusli 951105015561
24 Muhammad Nur Aiman Bin Adnan 950805145813
26 Norliyana Afiqah Binti Lakman 950108015124
27 Norliza Binti Sutrisman 950921115670
28 Nur Akiela Fathonah Binti Mohd Salleh 950217115538
29 Nur Amalin Binti Hishamuddin 950831035570
30 Nur Anis Natasha Binti Che Rahim 950415145500
31 Nur Shairah Binti Mohd Noah 950921146074
32 Nur Syahira Binti Zakaria 951220115170
33 Nur Syuhadah Binti Mohd Ramli 950813055156
34 Nuratikah Binti Ahmad 950602015840
35 Nurazmina Zafira Binti Abd Aziz 950330015942
36 Nurul Fattiha Binti Ishak 950729065220
37 Nurul Hayati Binti Mat Rozi 951115145888
38 Nurul Nabiha Nadia Binti Abd. Aziz 950312015316 39 Siti Khadijah Binti Md. Ali Shifudin 951104015762
40 Siti Khalidah Binti Abd Aziz 950203025064
41 Siti Maziah Binti Mokhtar 951021016698
42 Siti Nadia Syuhada Binti Mohd Satti 950203115182 43 Siti Norazzah Azwa Binti Misman 950213106194
44 Syazwi Hakimi Bin Saaidin 950707086469
1.2) FILA Table.
Facts Ideas Learning issues Action
1) List of names of students in 2DAA_GA 2) I.C number of each students 1. 2. M = 3. = L + C 4. =
1) What is the class limit?
2) What is the class midpoint?
3) How to calculate the variables from the formulae given?
1) Internet 2) Statistics
module 3) Library books
1.3) Minutes of meeting
Minutes of meeting 1 DATE: 19 March 2015 TIME: 10p.m-12p.m PLACE : Taman Universiti ATTENDANCE: 1) Fattiha 2) Syuhadah 3) Farrah 4) Azzah ACTIVITIES
1) Discuss on the variables.
2) Divide the job scopes: Fattiha : Variables, minutes of meetings Syuhadah: FILA Table, solutions
Farrah: Result and discussion, references Azzah: Introduction, problem background
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Minutes of Meeting 2
DATE: 24 March 2015 TIME: 10p.m-12p.m PLACE : Taman Universiti
ATTENDANCE: 1) Fattiha 2) Syuhadah 3) Farrah 4) Azzah ACTIVITIES
1) Discuss on the problem arises.
2) Collect parts of the report from every member and combine them. 3) Preparation for the presentation.
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2.0) PROBLEM BACKGROUND
We have chosen the I.C number of each students of 2DAA as we choose to collect a numeric data for the tasks. A numerical data is also known as quantitative data which consists of numbers that can be used for calculations. A quantitative data can be divided by two parts, Continuous Data and Discrete Data. I.C number is considered as discrete data because the data is whole number. Based on the data that we have collected, all of I.C number of each students in the class appear to be in whole number.
3.0) Solution of variable Class Limit Lower Class Boundary Class Midpoint, Frequency, Cumulative Frequency, F 0-9 0 4.5 3 13.5 20.25 60.75 3 10-19 9.5 14.5 6 87.0 210.25 1261.5 9 20-29 19.5 24.5 2 49.0 600.25 1200.5 11 30-39 29.5 34.5 4 138.0 1190.25 4761.0 15 40-49 39.5 44.5 3 133.5 1980.25 5940.75 18 50-59 49.5 54.5 6 327.0 2970.25 17821.5 24 60-69 59.5 64.5 6 387.0 4160.25 24961.5 30 70-79 69.5 74.5 7 521.5 5550.25 38851.75 37 80-89 79.5 84.5 4 338.0 7140.25 28561.0 41 90-99 89.5 94.5 4 378.0 8930.25 35721.0 45 ∑ = 45 ∑ = 2372.5 =159141.25
Table 1.0 Frequency distribution of 46 students’ last two digits of I.C number in 2DAA_GA
a) Mean,
=
b) Median, M M =
= 49.5 + 10
=57.0
c) Mode, = L + C = 69.5 + 10 = 72.0 d) Standard Deviation, s =s = = 27.82
4.0) Result and discussion
The population that we used in this process of data gathering, presentation and summary is UTHM students. As for the sample for our research, we use the students in 2DAA_GA . The variable measures are the last two digits of IC number in 2DAA_GA. Our quantitative data is discrete data which it is a whole number.
After that we organize the data as our data is ungrouped data. The size of class is 9. After that, we build a table of frequency distribution with the size class of 5. So for our frequency, for class limit between 0-9 there is 3 frequency of students, 10-19 there is 6 frequency of students, 20-29 there is 2 frequency of students, 30-39 there is 4 frequency of students, 40-49 there is 3 frequency of students, 50-59 there is 6 frequency of students, 60-69 there is 6 frequency of students, 70-79 there is 7 frequency of students, 80-89 there is 4 frequency of students, 90-99 there is 4 frequency of students . For the sum of frequency, we got 45.
Firstly, we need to search for the class midpoint , xi for the class limit between , 0-9 , we calculate
like this , 0+9 and divide by 2 , so we get 4.5 . so for the other class limit , the value is , 14.5 , 24.5, 34.5 , 44.5, 54.5 , 64.5 , 74.5 , 84.5, 94.5 . So for the lower class boundary , how to calculate it , example for the class limit of 0-9 , the lower class boundary is 0 , but for the class limit of 10-19 , how to calculate it , 10 add with 9 and divide by 2 , so we get 9.5 . So for lower boundary of class limit , we get 0 , 9.5 , 19.5, 29.5, 39.5 , 49.5, 59.5 ,69.5 , 79.5 and 89.5.
For the cumulative frequency, we just add the frequency of class limit before and the class limit of the data that you calculate. For example, for cumulative frequency of class 0-9 , the cumulative
frequency is just 3 . Because, there is no value before 3 so we just add 3 plus 0 so we get 3 . For the next class limit, that is 10-19, the frequency that is 6 is added with frequency before that is 3 , so 6 plus 3 we got 9 .It is the same way to calculate the other cumulative frequency of class limit . So from the class limit 0 to 9 , 9 to 19 and after that , the value is 3,9,11,15,18,24,30,37,41 and 45 . To measure of central tendency that is mean, mode and median, we need to gather all the information.
In the nutshell , we get the class midpoint , it is 2372.5 . As we have shown, we the value of mean is 52.72 , median is 57.0 , mode is 72.0 . The variance is 774.04 and the standard deviation ,s is 27.82 . So mean for this case study of the last two digits of IC number in 2DAA_GA is 52.72≈52 which show for the girls and the median is 57.0 which is show the guy . So as the conclusion , we can conclude that the numbers of boys and the girls in the class is approximately .
5.0) References
Books
Nafisah@Kamariah Md. Kamaruddin el. Al. (2015). Statistics (DAS 20502) . Pusat Pengajian Diploma, UTHM Publisher .
6.0) Attachment
a) Probability and Statistics For Engineers And Scientist
