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CE6014: COMPUTER MEDIATED CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT 2012: USING A CLOUD-BASED DOCUMENT SHARING SYSTEM FOR THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SIMPLE BRIDGE STRUCTURE

STUDENT NAME: CHRISTOPHER PIRES STUDENT NUMBER: 101704770

Revision 0 December 5th 2012

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CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction

2.0 The proposed solution 3.0 Set- up

4.0 Communication 5.0 Scripts

6.0 Google Drive Apps 7.0 Storage Space 8.0 Security 9.0 Conclusions APPENDICES Appendix A: References 1

The proposed solution

3 5 6 8 9 10 12 12 15

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Executive Summary

Background

I have spent the best part of my working career as a designing and assessing bridge

projects and have used many fi share drawings and documents with used a cloud-based document sharing be interesting to see how it

Problem description

There are many stages in construction

structure from the Preliminary design stage to Planning to Final Design and Tender to Construction and Final Handover.

different stakeholders involved Each of these stakeholders

drawings, photographs, reports and Design Risk To manage the documents an

to share all the relevant documentation for each stage and document. The solution

documents depending on the permissions granted to the user by an Administrator.

Problem objectives

To simulate the role of a system Administrator

required for the construction of a simple precast concrete box bridge from preliminary design stage

Handover.

Proposed solution

The proposed solution was to use

to simulate the document management for the design and construction of a simple bridge structure.

By simulating the document viable file-sharing platform

Project keywords: Google Drive, Google Docs, Bridge Construction, File Sharing,

Access and Security

2

have spent the best part of my working career as a Civil Engineer assessing bridges. I have worked on both small scale a

projects and have used many file sharing platforms in the past such as Share and documents with Contractors, Suppliers and Clients based document sharing system for a work project so

how it would work for the construction of a bridge.

construction projects such as the construction of a bridge structure from the Preliminary design stage to Planning to Final Design and Tender to Construction and Final Handover. At each of these stages, there are a number of

involved such as the Client, the Designer and Each of these stakeholders requires access to different documents

eports and Design Risk Assessments.

To manage the documents an online storage space was required that

to share all the relevant documentation for each stage and to control access to each The solution had to be secure but had to allow for the editing of documents depending on the permissions granted to the user by an Administrator.

To simulate the role of a system Administrator for the management of documents required for the construction of a simple precast concrete box bridge from preliminary design stage to Design and Construction, right through to

s to use the cloud based file sharing service

the document management for the design and construction of a simple

By simulating the document management, the potential for use of Google Drive platform for a construction project was evaluated.

Google Drive, Google Docs, Bridge Construction, File Sharing, Civil Engineer inspecting, both small scale and large scale in the past such as SharePoint to and Clients. I had not yet so I thought it would construction of a bridge.

construction of a bridge structure from the Preliminary design stage to Planning to Final Design and Tender there are a number of and the Contractor.

and files such as

that could be used to control access to each llow for the editing of documents depending on the permissions granted to the user by an Administrator.

for the management of documents required for the construction of a simple precast concrete box bridge from right through to Final

cloud based file sharing service Google Drive the document management for the design and construction of a simple

potential for use of Google Drive as a .

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1.0 Introduction

Below is a word cloud of different elements and stakeholders related to document management of a bridge construction project

Figure 1: Word Cloud for the construction of a simple bridge created using Tagxedo.com

There are four main many stages in the structure, which are as follows:

1. Preliminary Design (& Planning) 2. Detailed Design (& Tender) 3. Construction

4. Final Handover

3

low is a word cloud of different elements and stakeholders related to a bridge construction project created using Tagxedo.com.

loud for the construction of a simple bridge created using Tagxedo.com

many stages in the design and construction of a bridge as follows:

Preliminary Design (& Planning) Detailed Design (& Tender)

low is a word cloud of different elements and stakeholders related to the created using Tagxedo.com.

loud for the construction of a simple bridge created

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For each of these stages there are a number of different stakeholders Table 1 below. Stage Preliminary Design Detailed Design Construction Final Handover Table 1: Stakeholders 4

For each of these stages there are a number of different stakeholders

Stakeholders Client Designer General Public Surveyors …. Client Designer Local Authorities Geotechnical Engineers …. Contractor Subcontractors Suppliers Designer Employers Rep PSCS …. PSDP PSCS Contractor Designer ….

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These stakeholders require access to certain documents at the different stages of the project such as Drawings, Reports, Photos and Design Risk Assessments demonstrated in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Stakeholder access to documents

Not all the stakeholders require access to all the documents, just those documents that are relevant to them at the

problem was to find an online storage space that

relevant documentation for each stage and be able to control access to each document for the different users.

The aim of this project was to use a

simulate the document management for the design and construction of a simple bridge structure. The solution had to be

documents depending on the p

2.0 The proposed solution

The proposed solution was to use a cloud based file sharing service, Google Drive to share the documents and to manage secure access to the documents for different stages of the Project.

5

These stakeholders require access to certain documents at the different stages of such as Drawings, Reports, Photos and Design Risk Assessments

Figure 2: Stakeholder access to documents

Not all the stakeholders require access to all the documents, just those documents that are relevant to them at the particular stage that they are involved

problem was to find an online storage space that could be used to share all the relevant documentation for each stage and be able to control access to each document for the different users.

s project was to use a cloud-based document sharing system to simulate the document management for the design and construction of a simple bridge structure. The solution had to be secure but also had to allow for the editing of documents depending on the permissions granted to the user by an Administrator.

The proposed solution

The proposed solution was to use a cloud based file sharing service, Google Drive to share the documents and to manage secure access to the documents for different These stakeholders require access to certain documents at the different stages of such as Drawings, Reports, Photos and Design Risk Assessments as

Not all the stakeholders require access to all the documents, just those documents r stage that they are involved. Hence, the be used to share all the relevant documentation for each stage and be able to control access to each

document sharing system to simulate the document management for the design and construction of a simple but also had to allow for the editing of ermissions granted to the user by an Administrator.

The proposed solution was to use a cloud based file sharing service, Google Drive to share the documents and to manage secure access to the documents for different

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Google Drive incorporating

(SaaS) and is part of bigger suite of Google services called Google Apps. Documents, spreadsheets, presentations can be created and

web interface, or sent via email.

PDF, XLS, Word, HTML and Jpeg which as required for a construction project.

3.0 Set- up

To simulate the document management a Google drive account was setup and folders created to house documents for the four main stages of the bridge construction (Preliminary & Planning, Design, Construction and Final

shown in Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1 Document setup in Google Drive

6

Google Drive incorporating Google Docs is an example of Software as a Service ) and is part of bigger suite of Google services called Google Apps.

, presentations can be created and imported through the rface, or sent via email. Google drive supports a variety of formats such as PDF, XLS, Word, HTML and Jpeg which as required for a construction project.

To simulate the document management a Google drive account was setup and house documents for the four main stages of the bridge construction (Preliminary & Planning, Design, Construction and Final

Figure 3.1 Document setup in Google Drive

s is an example of Software as a Service ) and is part of bigger suite of Google services called Google Apps.

imported through the Google drive supports a variety of formats such as PDF, XLS, Word, HTML and Jpeg which as required for a construction project.

To simulate the document management a Google drive account was setup and house documents for the four main stages of the bridge construction (Preliminary & Planning, Design, Construction and Final Handover) as

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Within each of the folders relevant documents such a and photos were uploaded

drawings in both PDF and DWG format, and calcualtions in XLS format were uploaded as shown below.

Figure 3.2 Design Document folder

Next permissions were setup for the different stakeholders accounts were also created)

available in Google Drive

possible to administrate which stakeholders were able to v

document. This ensured that the confidentiality of the documents was maintained and that only the designer or document manager could edit important documents.

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Within each of the folders relevant documents such as drawings, risk assessments and photos were uploaded for example in the Design Folder a BOQ in PDF, drawings in both PDF and DWG format, and calcualtions in XLS format were

.

Figure 3.2 Design Document folder

re setup for the different stakeholders (simulation stakeholder accounts were also created). This was achieved using the “Sharing Settings” option as shown in Figure 3.2 below. With this option it was possible to administrate which stakeholders were able to view, access or edit each . This ensured that the confidentiality of the documents was maintained and that only the designer or document manager could edit important documents.

s drawings, risk assessments for example in the Design Folder a BOQ in PDF, drawings in both PDF and DWG format, and calcualtions in XLS format were

(simulation stakeholder This was achieved using the “Sharing Settings” option . With this option it was iew, access or edit each . This ensured that the confidentiality of the documents was maintained and that only the designer or document manager could edit important documents.

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Figure 3.2 : Setting Permissions in Googl

4.0 Communication

As construction projects develop

schemes there are a number of iterations of the design such that there are many revisions to drawings. For example if the contractor arrives on site and finds that the geological conditions at the

assumed in the initial design of the bridge the design and drawings

of the construction of a bridge drawings.

To ensure this it must be

been updated. Within Google Drive there is an option

with shared documents by using the “Email collaborators” option as demonstrated below

relevant parties are a

superseded drawings can also folder.

Figure 4.1: Email Collaborator option for file sharing

8

: Setting Permissions in Google Drive

projects develop, particularly with Design and Build (D&B) schemes there are a number of iterations of the design such that there are many revisions to drawings. For example if the contractor arrives on site and finds that the geological conditions at the site of the bridge

d in the initial design of the bridge foundations, this would require that and drawings be revised. One of the most important requirements of the construction of a bridge is that the Contractor is working

To ensure this it must be possible to notify the Contractor if a drawing has Within Google Drive there is an option of sending a message with shared documents by using the “Email collaborators” option as demonstrated below in Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2. This ensures that all relevant parties are aware of any changes to the drawings or documents. The superseded drawings can also then moved to a “Superseded

: Email Collaborator option for file sharing

esign and Build (D&B) schemes there are a number of iterations of the design such that there are many revisions to drawings. For example if the contractor arrives on site and site of the bridge were not as this would require that One of the most important requirements that the Contractor is working off the latest

possible to notify the Contractor if a drawing has of sending a message with shared documents by using the “Email collaborators” option as . This ensures that all drawings or documents. The moved to a “Superseded Documents”

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Figure 4.2: Update Message send to the relevant collaborators 5.0 Scripts

To extend on the functionality of Google Drive, there is an option to develop scripts, which can be used as part of the document management. As part of this project I developed a simple “Hello World

tutorials as shown on F

This script creates a new Google Document called Hello World CE6014 and emails a link to the newly created document. Once opened the document displays the message “This document was created by my first Google Apps Script for my CE6014 project!”

Figure 5.1: Hello World Script using JavaScript

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Update Message send to the relevant collaborators

To extend on the functionality of Google Drive, there is an option to develop scripts, which can be used as part of the document management. As part of this project I developed a simple “Hello World” JavaScript using the available

as shown on Figure 5.1.

This script creates a new Google Document called Hello World CE6014 and emails a link to the newly created document. Once opened the document displays the message “This document was created by my first Google Apps Script for my CE6014 project!” as shown in Figure 5.1 below.

Hello World Script using JavaScript

Update Message send to the relevant collaborators

To extend on the functionality of Google Drive, there is an option to develop scripts, which can be used as part of the document management. As part of using the available This script creates a new Google Document called Hello World CE6014 and emails a link to the newly created document. Once opened the document displays the message “This document was created by my first Google Apps

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Figure 5.2: Document created as part of the Hello World Script

There are also varieties of readymade scripts to assist with document management in Google Drive, which can be downloaded

links:

• Libraries of Google Apps scripts can be found at https://developers.google.com/apps

• Case studies of scripts ca https://developers.google.com/apps

6.0 Google Drive Apps

Another option to extend on the functionality of Google Drive, is to use Google Drive apps which can be found at the Chrome Web Store.

10

Figure 5.2: Document created as part of the Hello World Script

There are also varieties of readymade scripts to assist with document management in Google Drive, which can be downloaded from the following

Libraries of Google Apps scripts can be found at https://developers.google.com/apps-script/notable-script

Case studies of scripts can be found at

https://developers.google.com/apps-script/case-studies

Google Drive Apps

Another option to extend on the functionality of Google Drive, is to use Google can be found at the Chrome Web Store.

There are also varieties of readymade scripts to assist with document from the following

Libraries of Google Apps scripts can be found at script-libraries.

n be found at

studies

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Some useful applications for the management of construction documents are described below:

AutoCAD WS:

this app you can view, edit, and share AutoCAD

in DWG format from Google Drive or a web browser

Drive. tore drawings and project files in an easy

DocuSign: Documents can be sent for signature direct from Google

Drive. For the construction of a bridge structure thi

signatures from the designer and Contactor for documents such as Design Certificates or Check Certificates.

Gannter: This is a

Google Drive allows you to open and edit MS Project fil construction or design projects

e.g. a programme for the

Lucidchart:

makes ease of drawing diagrams

collaboration and working with clients. 11

Some useful applications for the management of construction documents are

WS: With

this app you can view, edit, AutoCAD drawings in DWG format from Google

wser. The drawings can be stored in the cloud with Googl tore drawings and project files in an easy-to-access online workspace.

Documents can be sent for signature direct from Google For the construction of a bridge structure this is useful for getting signatures from the designer and Contactor for documents such as Design Certificates or Check Certificates.

This is a web-based project scheduling app that works with Google Drive allows you to open and edit MS Project files.

construction or design projects for creating and sharing project p for the construction of a bridge structure

: This is an HTML5-based visual collaboration tool that

drawing diagrams and charts. It is useful

collaboration and working with clients. It allows one to easily create Some useful applications for the management of construction documents are

cloud with Google access online workspace.

Documents can be sent for signature direct from Google s is useful for getting signatures from the designer and Contactor for documents such as Design

based project scheduling app that works with es. This is useful in project programmes

based visual collaboration tool that It is useful for team It allows one to easily create

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flowcharts, mockups, UML and mind maps and comes which a large library of templates. A possible use for this app would be for a Bridge designer to c flow charts for the design of a bridge or to create a construction sequence for the bridge.

Marqueed: This allows collaborators to d

drawings on the web.

Designer and Contractor or the Designer and Client.

7.0 Storage Space

One of the biggest problems with of document management with construction jobs is storage space for all the required drawings, photos and documents. For small scale jobs like the design and construction

allocated free storage allowance of 5Gb that comes with Google Drive should be more than sufficient.

scheme with multiple bridges particularly if photos and

memory will be required which may be purchased for a monthly rate Google as listed below

Depending on the scale, budget and duration of a project the economics of “renting” a cloud storage space would have to be carefully considered. One of the biggest questions would be how long the data nee

is responsible for the associated storage costs after the job has been completed.

8.0 Security

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charts, mockups, UML and mind maps and comes which a large library of templates. A possible use for this app would be for a Bridge designer to c flow charts for the design of a bridge or to create a construction sequence for

This allows collaborators to discuss and markup i

drawings on the web. This is useful for RFIs or collaborations between the Contractor or the Designer and Client.

One of the biggest problems with of document management with construction jobs is storage space for all the required drawings, photos and documents. For small scale jobs like the design and construction of a simple bridge the allocated free storage allowance of 5Gb that comes with Google Drive should be more than sufficient. However, for larger construction schemes like a road with multiple bridges, 5Gb storage would be devoured quite quickly particularly if photos and videos are being shared in the cloud. Hence, more memory will be required which may be purchased for a monthly rate

listed below (correct at time of writing).

Storage Monthly Rate

25 GB $2.49 100 GB $4.99 200 GB $9.99 400 GB $19.99 1 TB $49.99 2 TB $99.99 4 TB $199.99 8 TB $399.99 16 TB $799.99

Depending on the scale, budget and duration of a project the economics of cloud storage space would have to be carefully considered. One of the biggest questions would be how long the data needs to be stored and who is responsible for the associated storage costs after the job has been charts, mockups, UML and mind maps and comes which a large library of templates. A possible use for this app would be for a Bridge designer to create flow charts for the design of a bridge or to create a construction sequence for

markup images or This is useful for RFIs or collaborations between the

One of the biggest problems with of document management with construction jobs is storage space for all the required drawings, photos and documents. a simple bridge the allocated free storage allowance of 5Gb that comes with Google Drive should construction schemes like a road , 5Gb storage would be devoured quite quickly videos are being shared in the cloud. Hence, more memory will be required which may be purchased for a monthly rate from

Depending on the scale, budget and duration of a project the economics of cloud storage space would have to be carefully considered. One of ds to be stored and who is responsible for the associated storage costs after the job has been

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For Google Drive to be viable options for cloud storage of documents for a construction project it has to be secure.

categorised into: • privacy

• sensitive data access • data segregation • bug exploitation • recovery

• accountability • malicious insiders

• management console security • account control

• multi-tenancy issues.

Google promises that w

web, so no matter what happens to your devices,

safe. Solutions to various cloud security issues vary, from cryptography, standardisation of APIs

added security is available for Google Drive:

1. Two- Step Verification:

Google offers the option of t

Google Account including Google Drive. Once it is enabled and a second code, which Google sends to yo

message, is required to login

to hack the Google Drive account they would need both a password account holders mobile

Tutorial on how to setup two links:

13

For Google Drive to be viable options for cloud storage of documents for a construction project it has to be secure. The main security issues

sensitive data access data segregation bug exploitation

accountability malicious insiders

management console security account control

tenancy issues.

Google promises that with Google Drive, the data is always backed up on the web, so no matter what happens to your devices, the files

Solutions to various cloud security issues vary, from cryptography, standardisation of APIs and use of multiple cloud providers. T

y is available for Google Drive:

Step Verification:

Google offers the option of two-step verification. With this, you can secure any Google Account including Google Drive. Once it is enabled

code, which Google sends to your mobile phone via text message, is required to login. This added security ensures that for someone to hack the Google Drive account they would need both a password

account holders mobile phone.

how to setup two-step verification can be found at the following

For Google Drive to be viable options for cloud storage of documents for a

ecurity issues can be

s backed up on the stored there are

Solutions to various cloud security issues vary, from cryptography, se of multiple cloud providers. The following

step verification. With this, you can secure any both a password ur mobile phone via text This added security ensures that for someone to hack the Google Drive account they would need both a password AND the

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• http://support.google.com/accounts/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=180 744&topic=1099588&ctx=topic

• http://youtu.be/zMabEyrtPRg

2. Setup recovery on your Google Account

With Google setup recovery, it is possible to

options which will allow you to regain control of your Google Account you forget the password or the password has been maliciously changed options include adding a security question, use of

up an alternate email address.

3. File by File Sharing Options

Within Google Drive it is possible to set the sharing options of each file or folder using the “Sharing Settings” option. With this option it i

administrate who is able to view, access or edit each document

4. Revoke Access to Apps

As mentioned in section 6.0 above there are many apps available to compliment Google Drive. Some apps will require access to your Google Drive account. Using

possible to revoke acces in Figure 8.4 below.

Figure 8.4: Authorised Access to Google Accounts

14

http://support.google.com/accounts/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=180 744&topic=1099588&ctx=topic

http://youtu.be/zMabEyrtPRg

Setup recovery on your Google Account

With Google setup recovery, it is possible to setup account recovery h will allow you to regain control of your Google Account

you forget the password or the password has been maliciously changed include adding a security question, use of a mobile phone, and setting up an alternate email address.

y File Sharing Options

Within Google Drive it is possible to set the sharing options of each file or using the “Sharing Settings” option. With this option it i

able to view, access or edit each document

Revoke Access to Apps

As mentioned in section 6.0 above there are many apps available to compliment Google Drive. Some apps will require access to your Google Drive account. Using the Security section within a Google Account possible to revoke access to the apps at the click of a button

in Figure 8.4 below.

Figure 8.4: Authorised Access to Google Accounts

http://support.google.com/accounts/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=180

account recovery h will allow you to regain control of your Google Account should you forget the password or the password has been maliciously changed. The mobile phone, and setting

Within Google Drive it is possible to set the sharing options of each file or using the “Sharing Settings” option. With this option it is possible to

able to view, access or edit each document or folder.

As mentioned in section 6.0 above there are many apps available to compliment Google Drive. Some apps will require access to your Google the Security section within a Google Account it is s to the apps at the click of a button as demonstrated

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5. Backup Google Drive

As much as the previously mentioned security options can protect Drive data from external

errors such as accidental deletion. Although Google promises the data there is also the

Drive account content using

6. Encryption

Third Party encryption services such as BoxCryptor are compatible with Google Drive.

that’s optimized for cloud storage services ensures that all files and documents that if an account gets hacked or without the encryption password.

9.0 Conclusions

One of the main goals

sharing system for use in a construction project. was used to simulate

simple precast concrete box bridge from preliminary design stage right through to final handover.

In general, Google

project. Appropriate folders were construction documents

in file sharing options

be set for the documents so that controlled.

15

Backup Google Drive

As much as the previously mentioned security options can protect

external attacks, it is harder to protect the data from user errors such as accidental deletion. Although Google promises

also the added option of an independent backup of Google content using independent services such as Backupify.

yption services such as BoxCryptor are available and are compatible with Google Drive. BoxCryptor is a on-the-fly encryption service that’s optimized for cloud storage services just like Google Drive

ensures that all files and documents within Drive can be fully encrypted account gets hacked or they won’t be able to view the

encryption password.

One of the main goals of this project was to evaluate a cloud use in a construction project. To achieve this

was used to simulate the document management for the construction of a simple precast concrete box bridge from preliminary design stage right through to final handover.

Google Drive was found to be ideal for use in project. Appropriate folders were easily set up and relevant

documents were uploaded to these folders. Google Drives ptions made document administration easy. Permissions documents so that Stakeholders access to documents

As much as the previously mentioned security options can protect Google , it is harder to protect the data from user errors such as accidental deletion. Although Google promises to backup all independent backup of Google

ackupify.

available and are fully fly encryption service Google Drive. This service fully encrypted so the encrypted files

cloud-based document achieve this Google Drive he construction of a simple precast concrete box bridge from preliminary design stage right

or use in a construction relevant design and Google Drives’

built-Permissions could documents could be

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Drives collaboration options suit of file sharing between

and Application plug

for interaction between stakeholders such as drawings using Marqueed

Gannter.

The “Email collaborators” option ensure that all relevant parties or documents ensuring that construction of the b

The 5 GB storage space was found to be adequate for a small construction project like this however it is clear that

for a large scale project like

bridges. However, Google Drive is scalable and storage space could be built into

Drive security is excellent verification, file permissions Drive can be further ext software BoxCryptor I am certain that cloud

Drive will be used for construction projects

16

ves collaboration options suited the construction job as it allow

between the Designer and the Contractor. Google script options plug-ins would benefit a construction project

n between stakeholders such as document editing,

Marqueed and the ability to create project programmes using

he “Email collaborators” option within Drive meant that it

that all relevant parties were made aware of any changes to drawings ensuring that only current drawings were used in construction of the bridge.

storage space was found to be adequate for a small construction however it is clear that more storage space would be required project like the construction of a new road with multiple Google Drive is scalable and the expense of

ould be built into the construction costs.

excellent with built-in security options such as two , file permissions and a daily backup of all files. Security an be further extended using third party software such as

BoxCryptor and backup services such as Backupify.

cloud-based document sharing systems such as Google or construction projects now and in the future.

construction job as it allowed for ease Google script options in that they allow editing, mark-up of ability to create project programmes using

meant that it was possible to hanges to drawings current drawings were used in the

storage space was found to be adequate for a small construction orage space would be required construction of a new road with multiple the expense of “renting” extra

in security options such as two-step files. Security of Google such as encryption

.

document sharing systems such as Google future.

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Appendix A

References

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3044/30/32/DG-TO213-75 References: 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_service#Service_model s 2. https://support.goog 3 3. http://blog.backupify.com/2012/08/04/5 4. https://www.boxcryptor.com/ 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Drive

6. Sommerville, J., and Craig, N., (2006), Implementing IT in Construction, Taylor and Francis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_service#Service_model https://support.google.com/drive/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=237512 http://blog.backupify.com/2012/08/04/5-tips-to-secure-boxcryptor.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Drive

Sommerville, J., and Craig, N., (2006), Implementing IT in Construction, Taylor and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_service#Service_model

le.com/drive/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=237512

google-drive/

References

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