Name: ___________________________________ Date: ______________
____ 1. Those who criticize theories of age-linked adult developmental stages are most likely to emphasize the importance of ________ on adult development.
A) fluid intelligence B) genetic predispositions C) secondary sex characteristics D) formal operational thought
E) the social clock
____ 2. Formal operational thought is most similar to A) fluid intelligence.
B) generativity.
C) conventional morality. D) autonomy.
E) crystallized intelligence.
____ 3. Compared to 40 years ago, American men today are marrying A) at a younger age and American women are marrying at an older age. B) at an older age and American women are marrying at a younger age. C) at an older age and American women are marrying at an older age. D) at a younger age and American women are marrying at a younger age.
E) at about the same age as American women.
____ 4. There is very little relationship between the age of an adult and his or her A) fluid intelligence.
B) ability to recall meaningless information. C) level of life satisfaction.
D) susceptibility to accidental physical injury. E) susceptibility to colds and flu.
____ 5. Identical twins with similar values and preferences are not very strongly attracted to one another's fiancés. This fact has been used to suggest that romantic attraction is influenced by
A) fluid intelligence. B) the social clock.
C) secondary sex characteristics. D) chance encounters.
E) basic trust.
____ 6. The ratio of males to females first begins declining during A) adulthood.
B) infancy. C) childhood. D) adolescence.
E) prenatal development.
____ 7. Avoiding physical punishment is to ________ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ________ morality.
A) conventional; postconventional B) preconventional; postconventional C) postconventional; conventional D) conventional; preconventional
E) preconventional; conventional
____ 8. The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl. A) sexual intercourse
B) puberty C) the first kiss D) menarche
E) secure attachment
____ 9. The body structures that enable reproduction are the A) primary sex characteristics.
B) secondary sex characteristics. C) teratogens.
D) sex-linked genes. E) schemas.
____ 10. Puberty is most closely related to the onset of A) menopause.
B) menarche.
C) crystallized intelligence. D) conventional morality.
E) dementia.
____ 11. For Regis to think it's wrong to drive over the speed limit simply because he might get punished for doing so is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ stage of morality.
A) conventional B) postconventional C) preconventional D) preoperational
E) formal operational
____ 12. Erikson would have suggested that adolescents can most effectively develop a sense of identity by
A) seeking a lifelong romantic relationship.
B) severing the emotional ties between themselves and their childhood friends. C) investigating the personal suitability of various occupational and social roles. D) adopting whatever values and expectations their parents recommend.
E) resolving unconscious fixations developed in infancy.
____ 13. Killing one person in order to save five by throwing a switch that diverts a runaway trolley is judged as more morally acceptable than killing one person in order to save five by pushing a stranger directly into the path of the oncoming trolley. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect
A) fluid intelligence. B) gut-level intuitions. C) stranger anxiety. D) insecure attachments.
____ 14. Vincent's ability to reason hypothetically in his geometry class indicates that he is in the ________ stage of development.
A) concrete operational B) formal operational C) preconventional D) postconventional
E) preoperational
____ 15. Henry disapproves of stealing jelly beans from his sister's Easter basket because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does. Henry best represents a(n) ________ morality.
A) egocentric B) conventional C) preconventional D) concrete operational
E) postconventional
____ 16. Sierra, a 28-year-old heroin addict, is pregnant. Her baby will be born A) with schizophrenia.
B) a heroin addict. C) visually impaired. D) with Down syndrome.
E) hyperactive.
____ 17. A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n) A) assimilation.
B) attachment. C) temperament. D) schema.
E) neural network.
____ 18. The branch of psychology that systematically focuses on the physical, mental, and social changes that occur throughout the life cycle is called
A) clinical psychology. B) social psychology. C) personality psychology. D) developmental psychology.
____ 19. The acquisition of a sense of object permanence is most closely associated with the development of
A) conservation.
B) concrete operational intelligence. C) stranger anxiety.
D) self-awareness. E) egocentrism.
____ 20. A child's realization that others may have beliefs which the child knows to be false best illustrates that the child is not completely
A) assimilated. B) egocentric. C) imprinted. D) habituated.
E) accommodated.
____ 21. In order to test whether newborns can visually discriminate between various shapes and colors, psychologists have made use of the process of
A) conservation. B) attachment. C) habituation. D) accommodation.
E) imprinting.
____ 22. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall, narrow glass. Actually, both glasses contain the same amount of soda. This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of
A) conservation. B) egocentrism. C) assimilation. D) object permanence.
E) accommodation.
____ 23. A teratogen is a(n)
A) fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division.
B) unborn child with one or more physical defects or abnormalities. C) chromosomal abnormality.
D) substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child. E) zygote that fails to implant in the uterine wall after the conception stage.
____ 24. The heart begins to beat during the ________ period of prenatal development. A) embryonic
B) fetal C) zygotic D) ovular
E) conceptual.
____ 25. When Joan touched her infant's cheek, he turned his head toward the side that was touched and opened his mouth. Joan was eliciting the
A) startle reaction. B) rooting reflex. C) grasping reflex. D) attachment reflex.
E) attention reflex.
____ 26. If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n)
A) FAS.
B) form of DNA. C) depressant. D) teratogen.
E) neurotransmitter.
____ 27. Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most likely be
A) underweight. B) autistic. C) hyperactive. D) hearing impaired.
E) insecurely attached.
____ 28. Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called A) egocentrism.
B) assimilation. C) imprinting. D) attachment.
____ 29. Although Mr. Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel, his 5-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching. Before Mr. Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate, he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of
A) object permanence. B) habituation.
C) conservation. D) egocentrism.
E) accommodation.
____ 30. Identical twins typically begin walking on nearly the same day. This best illustrates the importance of _______ to motor skills.
A) responsive parenting B) maturation
C) accommodation D) secure attachment
E) habituation
____ 31. Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that
A) the trauma of birth interfered with the subsequent formation of memories. B) most brain cells do not yet exist at the time of birth.
C) experiences shortly after birth are a meaningless blur of darkness and light. D) she lacked language skills for organizing her early life experiences.
E) babies lack the hippocampus in the brain needed for memory development.
____ 32. Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to A) habituation.
B) stranger anxiety. C) object permanence. D) secure attachment.
E) egocentrism.
____ 33. Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child A) is like a blank slate at birth.
B) is not heavily influenced by maturation. C) develops through a series of stages.
D) is heavily dependent on the child's personality. E) develops due to psycho-social conflict resolution.
____ 34. Habituation refers to the
A) awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
B) decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed. C) adjustment of current schemas to make sense of new information.
D) interpretation of new information in terms of existing schemas.
E) biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience.
____ 35. Mrs. Pearson cut Judy's hot dog into eight pieces and Sylvia's into six pieces. Sylvia cried because she felt she wasn't getting as much hot dog as Judy. Piaget would say that Sylvia doesn't understand the principle of
A) object permanence. B) conservation. C) assimilation. D) egocentrism.
E) accommodation.
____ 36. The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of
A) assimilation. B) egocentrism. C) conservation. D) accommodation.
E) maturation.
____ 37. Young children typically try to stay very close to their parents when they are in an unfamiliar setting. This best illustrates the adaptive value of
A) habituation. B) conservation. C) the rooting reflex. D) attachment.
____ 38. Three-month-old Andrew was obviously startled by the first ring of the telephone, but with each subsequent ring he seemed to become less reactive. This best illustrates the process of
A) accommodation. B) conservation. C) imprinting. D) habituation.
E) attachment.
____ 39. Eighteen-month-old Justin follows his mother around the house, clinging tightly to her when he is frightened. This best illustrates
A) object permanence. B) attachment behavior. C) stranger anxiety. D) the rooting reflex.
E) habituation.
____ 40. Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n) ________ psychologist.
A) cognitive B) developmental C) biological D) psychodynamic
E) educational
____ 41. Female children are most likely to act like tomboys if they were exposed to excess ________ during their prenatal development.
A) DNA B) testosterone C) endorphins D) estrogen
____ 42. People living in a culture that promotes collectivism are more likely than those in individualist cultures to report experiencing
A) happiness. B) family loyalty. C) personal freedom. D) marital romance.
E) group harmony.
____ 43. Cultural diversity best illustrates our A) human temperaments.
B) gene complexes. C) gender identities. D) adaptive capacities.
E) individual temperaments.
____ 44. Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because
A) the twins may have been raised in completely different environments. B) genetic factors influence physical, not psychological, characteristics. C) any two strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarities.
D) many fraternal twins have been shown to be psychologically different from each other.
E) most twin studies have not been replicated or validated.
____ 45. Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called A) night terrors.
B) neuroadaptations. C) dissociations. D) hallucinations.
E) stressors.
____ 46. By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in
A) behavior genetics. B) emotion.
C) socialization. D) mental processes.
____ 47. The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called A) alpha waves.
B) circadian rhythms. C) sleep spindles. D) delta waves.
E) amplitude waves.
____ 48. Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of
A) neuroadaptation. B) animal magnetism. C) biological rhythms. D) narcolepsy.
E) REM sleep.
____ 49. Reuptake refers to the
A) movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap. B) release of hormones into the bloodstream.
C) inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane.
D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. E) the ending of the refractory period.
____ 50. The peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to
A) motor neurons. B) neurotransmitters. C) interneurons.
D) the sympathetic nervous system. E) the parasympathetic nervous system.
____ 51. The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the A) limbic system.
B) spinal cord. C) brainstem. D) cerebellum.
____ 52. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the A) thalamus.
B) cerebellum.
C) reticular formation. D) limbic system.
E) angular gyrus.
____ 53. Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self-esteem?
A) +0.60 B) +0.01 C) –0.10 D) –0.06 E) 0.00
____ 54. When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to A) understand the concept of the false consensus effect. B) mentally transform the data into a scatterplot. C) identify the value of the standard deviation. D) note the range and size of the scale values.
E) remember that correlation facilitates prediction.
____ 55. The most foolproof way of testing the true effectiveness of a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is by means of
A) survey research. B) case study research. C) naturalistic observation. D) correlational research.
____ 56. In order to study the effects of noise on worker productivity, researchers have one group of subjects work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. To ensure that any differences in the productivity of the two groups actually result from the different noise levels to which the groups are exposed, the researchers would use A) the case study.
B) correlational measurement. C) naturalistic observation. D) replication.
E) random assignment.
____ 57. The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by A) Wundt.
B) James. C) Descartes. D) Watson.
E) Freud.
____ 58. Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits?
A) evolutionary B) cognitive C) behavioral D) social-cultural
E) behavior genetics
____ 59. Which perspective is most directly concerned with assessing the relative contributions of heredity and experience to personality development?
A) cognitive B) behavioral C) psychodynamic D) neuroscience
____ 60. Dr. Kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcoholism among citizens of a small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalistic religious influences in that region. This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.
A) behavior genetics B) evolutionary C) psychodynamic D) neuroscience
Answer Key - c5 practice test
1. E 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. E 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. B 41. B
42. B 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. C 48. C 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. D 55. E 56. E 57. B 58. A 59. E 60. E
