Smart Grid, Smart City
Program Update
What is a Smart Grid
?
•
Smart grids combine advanced communication, sensing and metering technology with
the existing electricity network
•
Smart sensors and controls on the network provide real-time information to energy
distributors so they can more efficiently manage the network
•
Advanced smart meters connect homes and businesses to the smart grid, collecting
electricity usage data throughout the day and enabling new display technologies and
tariffs/incentives to empower customers and reduce peak demand
•
Smart grids allow greater numbers and types of renewable energy technologies and
energy storage to be connected to the electricity network
What is the
Smart Grid, Smart City
Project
?
Characteristics of Trial Locations:
•Customer demographics
•Climate
•Network topology
•Local involvement
• $100 million Australian Government Initiative – Dept. of Resources, Energy & Tourism (DRET)
• Developed by Australian Government and consortium led by Ausgrid
• Partners include IBM, GE Australia, CSIRO, Transgrid, Gridnet, City of Newcastle, City of Lake Macquarie, Hunter Water, Sydney Water, University of Newcastle, University of Sydney
• Gather and share information to inform the business case of smart grids in Australia
• Includes deployment of new, world-class technologies to:
– Increase reliability and affordability of energy supply
– Help households better understand and manage their electricity use, costs and greenhouse gas emissions
Aim & Trials
To produce robust data that can inform the business case and the
broader adoption of smart grid technologies throughout Australia
Aim:
Grid-side applications
Trial of information and control technologies that can help improve the
reliability and cost effectiveness of the electricity network
Customer-side applications
Trial of information and electricity management technologies as well as
the products (new prices and incentives) they support
Electric Vehicles
•
Fleet of 20 Mitsubishi i-MiEV Electric Vehicles (EV)•
4 seater, rear wheel drive, 47 kW power, 180 Nm torque•
Lithium-ion battery – 16 kWh capacity• Cost ~$4.30 to “fill” (Domestic All Time Tariff) • City driving range approx. 90 km
•
Based in Sydney and Newcastle areas. 3 vehicles on loan to Program partners•
8 x Fast-charge points (32A, 30 mins - 80%) & 50 x Standard-charge points (15A, 6 hrs - 100%) to be installed•
Gathering information on driving patterns andcharging behaviour to analyse and assess the impacts, if any, on current and future infrastructure operations
Electric Vehicles
>250,000 km travelled to date, 260 registered drivers, 11,515 trips, 44MWh of electricity used
34 / 50 Standard and 2 / 8 Fast charge points installed in trial area to date
Data collection continues using electronic logbook, vehicle telemetry and charge pointsAusgrid employee home charging trial:
•
2 groups of 12 employees over 12 months, (6 months each group)•
Install charging points and meters at homes•
Determine when / where EVs charged and power consumed, and how EV driving patterns differ from conventional vehicles in residential scenario15A / 240V Standard charge
point
32A / 500V Fast charge point
Electric Vehicles
Primary sources of data used in EV trial:
• Electronic Logbook
• Vehicle Telemetry Unit
Electric Vehicles
Data Point Electronic
Logbook Telemetry Unit Charge Point Vehicle ID (Rego)
Odometer (Start & End) Trip Time (Start & End)
Trip Duration
Battery SoC (Start & End)
A/C Status
Charge Time (Start & End) Trip Location (Start & End)
Trip Distance
Driving Conditions
No. Passengers
Driver Name
Velocity
Shift Lever Position
Brake / Turn / Headlamp Status
On Board Charger Status
Electric Vehicles
EV Charge Point site acquisition & installation findings:
• Some potential hosts considered charge points inconsistent with current business model
• Reluctance to designate car space for charge point at expense of tenant / employee parking
• Security concerns for EVs plugged-in in public accessible locations
• Extended acquisition timeframe due to processing of legal agreements
• Installation costs driven by distance of trenching and cabling required between charge point and distribution board, metering and grid connection
• Installation of isolation transformers
• Time for installation 1-7 days
Next steps:
• Data collection ongoing
• Completion of installation of charge point infrastructure
• Completion of Feeder Taxonomy study
• Research vendor to be selected
• Completion of Behaviour Model:
o Projection for uptake rate for EVs
Distributed Generation & Storage
Operate electricity generation and storage throughout the network in a co-ordinated way to create greater value
Includes distributed energy generation and storage devices: o Solar PV systems
o Natural gas fuel cells o Small wind turbines o Storage batteries
Key outcomes:
o Effects of increased penetration of distributed generation and storage on electricity network o Impacts of distributed generation and storage on managing peak demand
o Enhancing the value of distributed generation for consumers / networks through the smart grid o Distributed storage impacts on (capital) efficiency for network
o Distributed storage help to facilitate intermittent sources of energy o Community benefits from distributed generation and storage
Distributed Generation & Storage
Locations:
Gundy
Generation: Small wind turbines
Storage: High penetration of domestic batteries
Elermore Vale / South Wallsend
Generation: Gas fuel cells, Small wind turbines, Solar PV systems
Storage: Domestic batteries
Newington
Distributed Generation & Storage
Gundy – Upper Hunter Shire LGA
16 Rural customers with 31 meter points on spur line 5 kW Redflow R510 storage battery (x20)
• 2.4 kW, Skystream 3.7 small wind turbines located at end of feeder (x8)
Customer engagement commenced Dec 2011, all Redflow units installed and commissioned May 2012
Small wind turbines deployed with 200 m set-back, 4 properties hosting 2 turbines each
Installation and commissioning wind turbines completed by Jun 2012•
Solutions sought from 2 vendors for Micro-grid, neither considered viable for deployment. Safety concerns raised regarding fault detection. Study reviewing current and potential protection techniques now proposedUpper Gundy
Skystream 3.7
small wind turbine
Distributed Generation & Storage
Elermore Vale / South Wallsend – Newcastle LGA
Single 11 kV Feeder, approx. 1,200 households, substations with smart sensing and monitoring
1.5 kW CFCLBlueGEN gas fuel cell (x25) – www.cfcl.com.au
5 kW RedFlow R510 Zinc Bromine, storage battery (x40) – www.redflow.com
2.4 kW, Skystream 3.7 small wind turbines (x2)
www.skystream.com.au
Approx. 60 homes with existing solar PV systems
Recruitment, installation, and commissioning processcompleted for all fuel cells and storage batteries by Dec 2011 Small wind turbine site selection and community consultation
processes commenced
CFCL BlueGEN gas fuel cell
Redflow R510 storage battery
Distributed Generation & Storage
BlueGEN Gas Fuel Cell
RedFlow Storage Battery
No. Households Contacted 482 565
No. Households Volunteering 80 104
Overall Volunteer rate % 17% 18%
No. Devices Installed 25 40
Volunteer
Sign-up / Install rate % 31% 39%
Overall
Sign-up / Install rate % 5% 7%
Distributed Generation & Storage
Issues affecting BlueGEN site suitability
•No gas connection readily available / gas connection information unavailable
• Available locations potentially affected by noise
• Difficult site access
• Insufficient space, particularly in medium / high density housing
Issues affecting RedFlow site suitability
• Difficult site access for crane or lifting apparatus
• Available locations potentially affected by noise
• Requirement for adequate space in front of the cabinet for maintenance
• Insufficient space particularly in medium / high density housing
Overall installation relatively straight-forward, but very reliant on positive customer experience being maintained over multiple visits by various trades
Distributed Generation & Storage
Customer acquisition findings
• No gas connected / gas connection information unavailable
• “Warm-up” letter from Council confused some customers
• Volunteer rate increased from 2% (mail only) to 20% (mail + phone follow up)
• Door knocking helped but time consuming and expensive
• Initial site suitability assessments challenging
• Disappointment for volunteers with technically unsuitable sites
• Older customers more sceptical about new technologies, less likely to volunteer
• Proactive engaged volunteers promoted project to neighbours - “Word of mouth”
• Door knocking more successful later in customer acquisition process
• Economic benefits of each device offer influenced rate of acquisition i.e. BlueGen uptake higher than RedFlow
Distributed Generation & Storage
Newington, Sydney (former 2000 Olympic Village) – Auburn LGA
•
~1,100 households with pre-existing Solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems•
334 x 0.5 kW, 767 x 1 kW, 1 x 1.5 kW, 1 x 17.3 kW, 1 x 64 kW•
Total capacity ~ 1,000 kW•
Ausgrid Smart Home
Network re-configured to concentrate effects
Distribution centre sensing and monitoring in place
Owners of approx. 250 non-performing Solar PV systems offered free inspection and repair quote - telephone and mail campaignsGrid Applications
Main trial location - Nelson Bay area, Port Stephens LGA
•
Active voltage support & power factor correction (AVVC)•
Fault detection, isolation & restoration (FDIR)•
Substation & feeder monitoring (SFM)•
Wide-area measurement (WAM)Key outcomes:
o Improvements in system reliability (number and duration of supply interruptions) o Economic benefits, such as reduced operating costs
o Reductions in transmission losses and power quality benefits o Ability of electricity network to support more renewable energy
Active Voltage support & power factor Correction /
Co-ordinated Voltage Control (AVVC / CVC)
Context:
• Distributors required to keep voltage between 216-253 V, nominal 230 V. As more houses connect to power line, voltage at end furthest from sub-station lowers. Compensate for lowered voltage by keeping voltage at end nearest sub-station high as possible
• Solar PV systems contribute to increasing voltage on power lines and surrounding houses. Large installations / high penetration in the same area requires lowering of voltage at end nearest to sub-station to ensure appliances not exposed to potentially higher voltages
• May result in better power for customers and reduction in wasted power occurring under current scheme of keeping near sub-station end voltage as high as possible. Potential for increased asset lifetime may lead to reduced energy costs
Aim:
• To leverage Smart Grid platform to measure voltage delivery across the distribution network to enable more efficient management
Devices to be used:
o Controller to dynamically adjust voltage
o Capacitor banks and regulator along feeders to finely control voltage remotely o Sensors in street-side substations to monitor power at street level
o New controller in Newcastle control room to monitor / manage all new devices o Advanced smart meters installed in homes in trial area to measure power supply
How it works:
• The devices work together to monitor voltage levels on the network, carefully analyses them, then automatically engages most appropriate devices to maintain voltage at most suitable levels • Improved management of voltage protects sensitive electrical appliances and also reduces electricity lost through network occurring under current scheme of keeping near sub-station end voltage as high as possible
• Also shows how to prepare for greater numbers of electric vehicles, solar panels and other new technologies, to be connected to network safely and reliably
Active Voltage support & power factor Correction /
Co-ordinated Voltage Control (AVVC / CVC)
Fault Detection, Isolation & Restoration (FDIR)
Context:
• Electricity supplied via overhead power lines, can be up to 40 kilometres long. In blackout, emergency crews patrol power lines to find cause e.g. fallen tree branch / lightning strike. Takes time, especially through bushland
• Trialling new technology to prevent outages, and to help reduce their frequency, duration and No. of customers affected
Aims:
• Improve reliability of supply through advanced Distribution Management System
• Make use of better network data to determine probability of a fault occurring Devices to be used:
o Smart reclosers - automatically isolates fault when occurs on overhead network
o Load break switches - reconfigure overhead network to restore power to areas not directly affected o Advanced smart meters installed in homes to monitor trial performance
o IntelliRupters
How it works:
• Switches arranged on network so when fault detected and automatically isolated causing a blackout, information about blacked out area automatically / immediately communicated back to control room via our wireless and fibre-optic communications network
• Control room uses information to remotely isolate fault and when safe, redirect power as quickly as possible from other parts of network to maximum No. affected customers
• Emergency crews dispatched directly to fault site area without need to search, greatly reducing target area and search time
• Idea for future is sophisticated algorithm instantly diagnoses location of fault then automatically restores power to customers outside fault area in <10 seconds
• Main driver of trial to verify safety and efficiency of tool against current systems and processes • In future may be possible for whole process to occur within few seconds of outage being detected
Substation & Feeder Monitoring (SFM)
Aims: Testing new technology and processes to improve electricity substation and feeder lifetimes and maintenance processes, being:
• Identify overloaded substations and improve tracking of transformer life
• Real time dynamic cable rating on feeders to identify and track “hot spots”
• Real time visual inspection of critical assets
• Information collected fed into maintenance processes and improve prediction of maintenance requirements
• Identification and development of standard for weather monitoring systems
• Increased asset lifetime and increased asset utilisation may lead to reduced energy costs
Devices to be used:
o Transformer dissolved gas monitors o Distributed temperature sensors o Partial discharge monitors
o Oil cable pressure monitors o Weather monitors
o Distribution monitoring and control devices o Video monitoring
Current State of Distribution Monitoring
Earth Fault Indicator
• Mechanical flag drops with the presence of an earth fault
• Manually used to restore supply and manually reset
Maximum Demand Indicator
• Measures only single phase current to 20% accuracy
• On-site manual read every 6 months
Distribution Monitoring & Control Solution
Switch Actuator • Set up to add remote control capabilities in future Voltage Transducer • Remotely measures 3Ø voltage to 3% accuracy Optical Current Transducer • Remotely measures all currents to 3% accuracyRemote Telemetry Unit
• Various communications options incl. 3G & WiMAX to Enterprise Services Bus
Substation & Feeder Monitoring (SFM)
Benefits : Reduced operational costs (no need to send crews to read indicators) and reduced capital expenditure through improved replacement and expansion planning
Wide Area Measurement (WAM)
Context:
•Phasor measurement data historically used by transmission utilities to monitor state of power network
• High frequency measurement of voltage and current allows detection of disturbances in transmission network, and their impact to be measured and monitored
Aim:
•Test use of Phasor Measurements in a WAM system to better predict network system state and possibly prevent network scale blackouts
Devices to be used:
o Sites for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs):
6 Sub-transmission Substations on High Voltage Busbars
Up to 10 TransGrid Substations
PMUs connected to voltage transformers (all sites) and current transformers (selected sites)
o VPN network to enable data integration between TransGrid and Ausgrid
o Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) to consolidate data from PMUs and provide analysis platform
•
30,000 advanced smart meters for households:– 20,000 meter Network roll-out (No charge and No change to tariff)
Representation of wider Australian grid and demographics i.e. energy consumption, dwelling type, income, climate zone
– 10,000 meter Retail roll-out - Smart meter installed when opt-in to product / tariff offer
•
Feedback technologies: Web portals, In-Home Displays (IHD) and Home Area Networks (HAN)•
New tariffs and incentives for reducing energy use and peak demand o Information on ways to save energyo Real-time energy usage and associated Greenhouse gas emissions
Key outcomes:
o Take-up rates for feedback technologies and products
o Responses in terms of energy (Greenhouse gas) or demand reductions
o Measurement of network and customer benefits when take-up rate is significant o Customer interactions and experience (including perceptions)
Customer Applications – Smart Meter Rollout
Network rollout of Advanced Smart Meters – Hunter
Lake Macquarie •Arcadia Vale •Argenton •Balmoral •Belmont •Belmont North •Blackalls Park •Bolton Point •Bonnells Bay •Brightwaters •Buttaba •Cardiff •Cardiff South •Carey Bay •Caves Beach •Charlestown •Coal Point •Cooranbong •Morisset •Morisset Park •Pelican •Rathmines •Swansea •Swansea Heads •Tingira Heights •Toronto •Valentine •Wangi Wangi •Warners Bay •Whitebridge •Windale •Windermere Park •Yarrawonga Park •Croudace Bay •Dora Creek •Dudley •Edgeworth •Eleebana •Fassifern •Fennell Bay •Fishing Point •Floraville •Gateshead •Highfields •Jewells •Kahibah •Kilaben Bay •Killingworth •Kotara South •Macquarie Hills
Customer Applications – Smart Meter Rollout
Network rollout of Advanced Smart Meters – Hunter
•Maryland •Maryville •Mayfield •Mayfield West •Merewether •New Lambton
•New Lambton Heights
•Newcastle •North Lambton •Rankin Park •Shortland •Tarro •Wallsend •Warabrook •Waratah •Waratah West
Cessnock, Muswellbrook & Upper Hunter
• Aberdare • Abermain • Bellbird • Branxton • Cessnock • Congewai • Ellalong • Greta • Heddon Greta • Kurri Kurri • Muswellbrook • Paxton • Pelaw Main • Scone • Weston Newcastle •Adamstown •Adamstown Heights •Beresfield •Birmingham Gardens •Broadmeadow •Carrington •Cooks Hill •Elermore Vale •Fletcher •Georgetown •Hamilton •Hamilton East •Hamilton North •Islington •Jesmond •Kotara •Lambton
Customer Applications – Smart Meter Rollout
Network rollout of Advanced Smart Meters – Sydney
Sydney
•
Alexandria•
Chippendale•
Darlinghurst•
Erskineville•
Haymarket•
Redfern•
Rosebery•
Rushcutters Bay•
St Peters•
Surry Hills•
Sydney•
Ultimo•
Waterloo•
Zetland Ku-ring-gai•
East Killara•
East Lindfield•
Gordon•
Hornsby•
Killara•
Lindfield•
North Turramurra•
North Wahroonga Auburn•
Auburn•
Berala•
Homebush•
Lidcombe•
Newington•
Regents Park•
Silverwater•
Pymble•
Roseville•
St Ives•
St Ives Chase•
Turramurra•
Wahroonga•
West Pymble• Real time display of electricity usage and cost in 5 minute intervals
• Displays electricity use and estimated cost per hour
• Can be used to estimate running cost of individual appliances
• Obtains data directly from advanced smart meter
Customer Applications – Simple In-Home Display
Provides real-time information
about energy use and costs from
computer or smart phone
•
Detailed, real-time information on electricity use•
Estimate electricity costs•
Estimate Greenhouse gas emissions•
Comparison with similar households•
Interactive e.g. competitions•
Information can be monitored remotely• Smart Plugs installed between appliance and power point
• Allows customer to analyse electricity consumption at appliance level
• Provides ability to remotely turn appliances on/off via website / smart phone app
• Consumption information displayed on web portal
• Up to 10 household appliances supported
• Increase awareness of energy use and costs
• Provides greater transparency of energy use
Customer Applications - Home Area Network
Appliance sub-metering and control system with associated web portal which also
provides visibility on home and individual appliance current and historical electricity
use by day / month / year as well as real time power consumption
Customer Applications – Other devices
Demand Response Enabling Device (DRED)
• Enables SGSC / Retailers to cycle air conditioner
during peak load periods• Customers have ability to override DRED via
customer portal• Rebate to customer for DRED trial participation and
complianceCognitive Metering
• Using advanced software algorithms to interpret electrical characteristics
• Enables customers to monitor usage at appliance level without sub-metering
Water smart meter
• Working with Sydney Water to install smart water meters
• Connect via HAN to provide water usage data
Gas smart meter
Customer Applications – Products
Dynamic Peak Rebates
•
Customers that opt-in asked to reduce usage during peak events•
Greater reduction in usage during event = greater rebate provided•
Customers notified by SMS / e-mail between 48-24 hours prior to event•
Peak time 2-8 pm weekdays, event duration 4 hours•
Average rebate payment to customer per event: $20•
Rebates provided as credit to debit card or retail voucherLifestyle Audits
•
Objective to help reduce overall and peak consumption without adversely impacting lifestyle•
Free audit – 1-1½ hours•
Report provided with recommendations•
Regular follow-up and feedback conducted throughout trial•
Audit designed in conjunction with RMIT University (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology)Community Engagement
Community seminars
• Oct 2011: Water Efficiency Seminar
• Nov 2011: Solar PV Seminar
• Feb 2012: Distributed Generation & Storage Trial
• Mar 2012: Schools Program
• Apr 2012: Electric Car Trial
• Jun 2012: Benefits of Smart Grids
• Jul 2012: Household Technology Trial
• Aug 2012: Household Technology Trial Part 2
• Sep 2012: Sustainable House day – Newington Smart Home
Media releases
• Dec 2010: First look at Smart Grid, Smart City Centre
• May 2011: Households power grid, cut hot water bills with fuel cells
• Jun 2011: Newcastle homes invited to join mini power station trials
• Sep 2011: Smart Grid, Smart City Centre opens its doors
• Sep 2011: Electric car trial plugs in to test impact on grid
• Oct 2011: New technology trial to help reduce power bills
• Dec 2011: Scone homes invited to join energy trials
• Apr 2012: Homes to power rural street in Australian-first trial
• May 2012: Port Stephens smart grid trial
• Jul 2012: Upper Hunter technology trials to help reduce power bills
The Taylors
The new Smart Home family www.smarthomefamily.com.au
Event Sponsorship & Participation
• Nov 2011 & Sep 2012: Living Smart Festival Lake Macquarie
• Apr 2012: Smart Energy Expo Newcastle
• Nov 2011 & Aug 2012: Hunter Valley Electric Vehicle Festival eNewsletters • Dec 2010 • Nov 2011 • Mar 2012 • May 2012 • Sep 2012
Community Engagement
Smart Grid, Smart City Centre Tours & Meetings
•19 Honeysuckle Drive, Newcastle, Tue - Sun, 10 am - 4 pm, Ph: 02 4910 1844
• Community group meetings e.g. Together Today
• School and teacher visits e.g. ClimateCam for Schools representatives
• Daily visitors to SGSC Centre, walk-ins, appointments
• 50,000 Newcastle residence letterbox drop of SGSC Centre brochure Mar 2012
• Radio advertising
• Newcastle Airport promotion
• SGSC Centre available for “sustainability” themed, non-commercial meetings / events
