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Net Neutrality

Scott Jordan Department of Computer Science University of California, Irvine

Quality of Service (QoS)

more interactive less interactive telephone calls video conferencing Internet radio

Internet tv web browsing email

express mail priority mail first class mail bulk mail

better performance worse performance

(2)

Quality of Service (QoS):

Only two ways to provide QoS: (1) Reserve some bandwidth for selected streams,  and limit the traffic in this bandwidth segment.Example ‐ toll lane (when toll depends on  congestion to limit traffic)g ) (2) Give priority to some selected streams.Example ‐ priority mail Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 3

Basis for QoS

the application, e.g. Cox decides which 

applications get low priority 

pp

g

p

y

(in trial)

the service provider, e.g. Cox VoIP 

subscribers’ packets get high priority

the source and/or destination, e.g. Comcast 

terminates selected connections from own 

subscribers to non‐Comcast subscribers 

(not  anymore)

payment, e.g. ISP gives high priority to all of a 

subscriber’s VoIP packets if that option is 

purchased

(3)

The wrong way: QoS based directly on 

application

FCC R Verizon uses DPI &  assigns priority to all  AT&T uses DPI & assigns priority  to all VoIP packets Verizon AT&T FCC R G R G R G assigns priority to all  VoIP packets Cenic Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 5 UCI R R G R R Requires each ISP to do DPI (ugh). Not what diffServ envisioned.

The wrong way: QoS purchased from each 

ISP on a route

FCC R Verizon sells QoS to  AT&T sells QoS to UCI Verizon AT&T FCC R G R G R G R i     li i   id     UCI Cenic UCI R R G R R Requires an application provider to  contract with multiple ISPs (ugh). Not consistent with diffServ!

(4)

The right way: QoS purchased by 

subscriber and passed on via SLA

FCC R Verizon honors priority  AT&T honors priority if within  subscriber agreement Verizon AT&T FCC R G R G R G Subscriber marks packet priority, e.g. to VoIP Diff ti ti   t Di i i ti ! p y assigned by AT&T if part of   Service Level Agreement Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 7 Cenic UCI R R G R R Differentiation, not Discrimination! QoS available to all apps. QoS available end‐to‐end. This is the diffServ architecture!

The right way: QoS purchased by 

subscriber and passed on via SLA

FCC R Verizon AT&T FCC R G R G R G QoS offerings &  i Cenic UCI R R G R R ISP subscriber prices QoS selection

(5)

Pro Net Neutrality

Application Providers

e.g. Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Yahoo, …

want to be able to access QoS

worried that ISPs will only use QoS for themselves  worried that ISPs will offer exclusive QoS deals  worried that QoS will not be available end to end  worried that QoS will not be available end‐to‐end

are willing to pay for QoS

 but only to their own ISP  not to terminating ISP Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 9

Pro Net Neutrality

Public Interest Groups

e.g. Free Press, Public Knowledge, CDT, …

want a prohibition on blocking

want to be able to access QoS

 some used to be opposed to QoS  now want nondiscriminatory access to QoSy

mixed opinions about paying for QoS

 usually ok with consumers paying  usually not ok with application providers paying

(6)

Anti Net Neutrality

Internet Service Providers  e.g. AT&T, Verizon, Cox, Comcast, Time Warner  using QoS for their own services  aren’t yet thinking about selling QoS  aren’t yet thinking about end‐to‐end QoS  opposed to new law/regulation d ’      b  f d    ff  Q S  don’t want to be forced to offer QoS  want exemption for “specialized services”  want exemption for “wireless networks”  if offer QoS, don’t want regulation on exclusiveness or  price Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 11

FCC Open Internet Order

Scope

Transparency

Blocking

Discrimination

Wireless

Specialized Services

(7)

Broadband Internet Access 

Service

only applies to providers of mass‐market 

retail service to/from substantially all Internet 

endpoints

 thus may exclude campus networks  but may include the ISPs of universities Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 13

Transparency

requires disclosure by ISPs of

network management practices, performance,  terms of service  to consumers & to application & device providers

including congestion control, blocking, device 

attachment, pricing, privacy, security

, p

g, p

y,

y

not including detailed spam or security info

(8)

Blocking on Fixed Internet 

Access

prohibits blocking of lawful content, 

applications, or non‐harmful devices:

 blocking based on political speech  blocking based on source or destination  charging for delivery

except “reasonable network management”:

except  reasonable network management :

blocking for network security (e.g. DoS)anything controlled by the end‐user, including  spam & parental controls Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 15

Discrimination on Fixed 

Internet Access

prohibits unreasonable discrimination:

 application‐based congestion control or QoS, if  anti‐competitive  payment for QoS by remote application providers  QoS exclusively for an ISP’s own applications (but  see “specialized services” later …)

except “reasonable network management”:

except  reasonable network management :

 anything controlled by the end‐user, including  tiering, QoS, usage‐based pricing  application‐agnostic congestion control

(9)

Mobile Internet Access

prohibits

 blocking of lawful websites  blocking of competing voice/video applications

does not prohibit

blocking of other applicationsblocking of non‐harmful devicesblocking of non‐harmful devicesunreasonable discrimination Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 17

Specialized Services

What are they?

not “broadband Internet access service”including VoIP, video/IPmay include many other IP‐based services

Not regulated

 but will be “monitored”   but will be  monitored  …

(10)

Current Status

Courts

 FCC’s legal authority to be litigated

Congress

 attempts to blocking implementation  attempts to strengthen rules Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 19

Convergence

Telephone network Cell phone networks Internet Everything‐Over‐IP Internet Cable tv networks

(11)

Fixed versus mobile

Different expectations of blocking and 

discrimination

 on smart phone versus desktop computer?  on smart phone on 3G versus on Wi‐Fi? Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 21

Specialized Services

Netflix Hulu

Skype gaming Vonage

Video  conferencing

U‐verse  video

(12)

R AT&T assigns priority only to  specialized services 

End‐to‐end QoS

Verizon AT&T FCC R G R G R G Net Neutrality / Scott Jordan 23 Cenic UCI G R R G R R

A proposal …

If an ISP uses QoS for its own applications … … then it shall make QoS available without  unreasonable discrimination … … to subscribers (both residential and business) …  and to other ISPs … and to other ISPs.  Apply to both fixed & mobile  Don’t define “Specialized Services”

References

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