Reaction and Revolution Pre-Test
1. Restoring the royal dynasties to European thrones after the defeat of Napoleon was known at the Congress of Vienna as
a. Secularism b. Legitimacy c. Humanism d. Balance of Power
2. Which action did the Quadruple Alliance actually perform?
a. Developed the Holy Alliance to spread traditional values b. Crushed Polish rebels
c. Unified the former Confederation of the Rhine into the state of Germany d. Restored Louis XVIII to the French throne
3. The philosophy that inspired the territorial solutions of the Congress of Vienna was a. Balance of Power
b. Popular sovereignty c. Mercantilism d. Nationalism
4. The foreign minister and diplomat who was the most influential at the Congress of Vienna was a. Tsar Alexander I
b. The Marquis de Lafayette c. Klemons von Metternich d. Prince Talleyrand
5. What was the key idea of Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France?
a. Radical, intellectual change threatened traditional order
b. The best government would be one based on Enlightened popular sovereignty c. Socialism could only succeed if it was done gradually
6. The philosophy that argues the good of the community outweighs individual rights, and that previous governmental and social ideas were better than new theories, is
a. Classic liberalism b. Conservatism c. Socialism d. Radicalism
7. What resulted from the Congress of Vienna?
a. The elimination of nationalist desires throughout Europe b. A political system that avoided a Europe-wide war until 1914
c. An arrangement that guaranteed the continuation of conservative monarchies despite left- wing pressure
d. All of the above
8. The Peterloo Massacre was the event in which
a. Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated for the last time b. Protestors were attacked by the British military
c. Magyar nationalists attacked and killed several members of the Austrian monarchy d. Italian nationalists were mowed down by Austrian forces
9. Which territory did the Congress of Vienna divide into nine states that would be dominated by France and Austria?
a. Greece b. Belgium c. Poland d. Italy
10. What were the Burschenschaften?
a. Liberal Magyar nationalist forces
b. Liberal German nationalist student groups c. Conservative Prussian shock troops
d. The German states that refused to join the Confederation of the Rhine
11. Metternich convinced the Prussian king to issue the 1819 Karlsbad Decrees, which a. Ordered the military destruction of all nationalist organizations and forces b. Announced his intention to build a liberal, unified Empire of Germany c. Amounted to the seizure of Austria by Prussia
d. Censored the newspapers and universities
12. Czar Alexander I
a. Shifted from reformist to reactionary b. Created a liberal constitutional monarchy c. Supported de-christianization efforts in Russia
13. The Decembrist Revolt
a. Succeeded, creating a liberal constitutional monarchy b. Succeeded, creating a communist-inspired state
c. Failed, leading to the czar deciding to reform the monarchy d. Failed, leading to a police state under Nicholas I
14. The philosophy that individual freedom is the most important quality of a government is a. Classic liberalism
b. Nationalism c. Socialism d. Radicalism
15. Which philosophy, emphasizing laissez-faire but political rights, was most appealing to the industrial middle class?
a. Nationalism b. Classic liberalism c. Socialism
d. Radicalism
16. Which author argued in Essays on Population that population numbers must be limited for any progress to take place?
a. Adam Smith b. Joseph de Maistre c. John S. Mill d. Thomas Malthus
17. Which author argued in On the Subjection of Women that men and women are essentially the same intellectually and therefore should have the same rights?
a. Adam Smith b. Joseph de Maistre c. John S. Mill d. Thomas Malthus
18. Charles Fourier’s phalansteries, Henri de Saint-Simon, and Flora Tristan were all part of the political movement Karl Marx later titled
a. Communism b. Utopian socialism c. Radicalism d. Conservatism
19. What was a contribution of Robert Peel to Great Britain?
a. He created a special paid group to enforce laws, the police force
b. He created the London Mechanics’ Institute to teach lower class people applied sciences c. He was the author of the Poor Law of 1834
d. He created prisons with solitary confinement at night, to encourage criminals to reflect on their wrongdoing.
20. Western European monarchs supported one rebellion in the early 1800s. Which was it?
a. The Polish against the Russians b. The Magyars against the Austrians c. The Greeks against the Ottomans d. The Sharks against the Jets
21. Which group was most supportive of Louis-Philippe?
a. Bourgeoisie
b. Italian nationalists like the Carbonari c. Adolphe Thiers and the Party of Movement d. Industrial workers
22. If you wanted to have a meal celebrating a successful 1830 revolution, which of the following would you pick?
a. Polish sausage b. Swiss steak c. Irish stew d. Belgian waffle
23. Which political philosophy was the most significant in causing the 1830 revolutions?
a. Radicalism b. Socialism c. Nationalism d. Communism
24. Which is the most accurate description of the British 1832 Reform Bill?
a. Male dominance over women
b. Rich aristocratic dominance over middle classes c. Middle class advances but not lower classes
25. Which is the most accurate description of the British Poor Law of 1834?
a. The Tory Party found a way to feed and educate the desperately-needy poor of England b. The Whig Party found a way to feed and educate the desperately-needy poor of England c. The legislation created a state welfare system, but ensured that accepting it would be
unpleasant
d. The legislation created a police force to protect the wealthy from the urban poor, and the law had a provision that allowed lawbreakers to be exiled to Australia
26. The 1848 revolution in France
a. Failed to overthrow the “citizen-king” Louis-Philippe
b. Replaced Louis-Philippe with a legislature, which then became a monarchy c. Replaced Louis-Philippe with a legislature, which became a radical republic
27. Louis Blanc
a. Was an outspoken conservative critic of left-wing political thought b. Became the new leader of the Second Republic
c. Attempted to build a communist society but ultimately failed d. Frightened liberals with his socialist workshops
28. What region’s liberals failed in an attempt to unite its regions under a constitutional monarchy in 1848, due to the rejection by the proposed king?
a. Italy b. Poland c. Hungary d. Germany
29. The French and Austrian governments prevented the success of a. Mazzini’s Young Italy Risorgimento
b. The Frankfort Assembly’s Grossdeutsch c. The Frankfurt Assembly’s Kleindeutsch d. Kossuth’s Magyarization
30. Which book is seen by many historians as the beginning of the Romantic movement?
a. The Spanish work Don Quixote, by Miguel de Cervantes b. The British book Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens c. The French work Madame Bovary, by Gustave Flaubert
d. The German work The Sorrows of the Young Werther, by Johann von Goethe
31. All of the following were characteristics of Romanticism EXCEPT a. Respect bordering on worship of nature
b. Reverence for history that inspired nationalism c. Focus on feelings and self-sacrifice
d. Rejection of the supernatural and unfamiliar
32. Romantics favored
a. Poetry, as a rejection of Enlightened focus on logic and reason
b. Educational treatises, as an embracing of history and individual understanding c. Novels and plays, as a way to imagine alternate realities
33. “Turn where we may—within, around—the voice of great events is proclaiming to us, ‘Reform, that you may preserve.’ Now…while the crash of the proudest throne of the Continent is still resounding in our ears…Save property divided against itself...I pray to God that none of those who concur in rejecting this bill may ever remember their votes with unavailing regret, amidst…
the dissolution of social order.” Thomas Macauley would most likely have agreed with which of the following statements?
a. The government needs to act soon and stop labor unions b. The middle class is a danger to the aristocracy
c. Reforms will endanger the current government and landed elite d. Reforms are necessary to prevent revolution
34. The painting above by Friedrich emphasizes the Romantic themes of a. Nationalism and patriotism
b. Macabre reality
c. The beauty and/or power of nature d. The exotic
35. Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People demonstrates the Romantic qualities of a. Nationalism and patriotism
b. Macabre reality
c. The beauty and/or power of nature d. The exotic
36. Constable’s The Hay Wain demonstrates the Romantic qualities of a. Nationalism and patriotism
b. Macabre reality
c. The beauty and/or power of nature d. The exotic
