Chapter 3 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

(1)

Chapter 3

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. The fundamental units that make up all living things are called:

A.compartments B.cells

C.chromosomes D.coelom

2. Choose the statement(s) that describe the cell theory.

A.All living things are made of cells.

B.Cells come only from pre-existing cells.

C.Cells must be aggregated.

D.All living things are made of cells and cells come only from pre-existing cells.

E.All of the choices are correct.

3. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) concerning cell surface/volume ratios.

A.Surface area reflects ability to exchange materials.

B.Volume reflects metabolic needs.

C.As the volume increases/relative surface area decreases.

D.All of the choices are correct.

4. As cell size increases, which of the following increases at a greater rate:

A.surface area B.volume C.length

5. The reason that cells stay small is most accurately stated as:

A.cells influence nearby cells to divide

B.cells' surface areas must heed exchange requirements C.cells need to dissipate heat effectively

D.cells divide before mitosis occurs

(2)

6. The semi-fluid internal medium of a cell that dissolves molecules between the nucleus and cell membrane is called:

A.nucleolus B.cytoplasm C.nucleoplasm D.cytomatrix

7. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a:

A.plasma membrane B.Sanger enclosure C.cell membrane D.dialysis membrane

E.plasma membrane or cell membrane

8. Small membranous structures that occur within the cell and have various functions are referred to as:

A.matrices B.organelles C.cytoskeleton D.Golgi bodies

9. The network of interconnected filaments and microtubules within a cell is collectively called the:

A.nucleoli B.matrices C.organelles D.cytoskeleton E.Golgi bodies

10. The function of the plasma membrane is:

A.determines which substances enter and leave the cell

B.serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment

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11. Which structure contains the majority of genetic material within the cell?

A.nucleus B.nucleolus C.lysosome

D.plasma membrane

12. Which of the following serves as a packaging center for secretory products?

A.ribosome B.Golgi apparatus C.nucleolus D.centriole

13. Which of the following functions to produce ribosomes?

A.nucleolus B.nucleus

C.Golgi apparatus D.endoplasmic reticulum

14. Which of the following is the primary source of ATP production?

A.lysosome B.mitochondrion C.vacuole D.Golgi bodies

15. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion?

A.mitochondrion

B.lysosome

C.vacuole

D.centriole

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16. Uncoiled DNA found in the nucleoplasm is called:

A.RNA B.chromatin C.nucleolus D.chromosome E.centrosome

17. Accumulation of undigested substances in neurons causes Tay Sachs disease. The cellular abnormality is:

A.lack of Golgi apparatus B.excess mitochondria C.abnormal chloroplasts D.lack of a lysosomal enzyme E.misshapen endoplasmic reticulum

18. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the plasma membrane.

A.Hydrophilic ends face outwards toward water.

B.Hydrophobic ends inwards, toward themselves.

C.Proteins are embedded into the plasma membrane.

D.The phospholipid bilayer is a liquid at body temperature.

E.All of the choices are correct.

19. Hydrophilic means:

A.water-loving or seeking B.water-avoiding or hating C.saturated with water molecules

20. The ability of the plasma membrane to select which molecules will enter or exit the cell is referred to as:

A.differential selectiveness

B.metabolic diversity

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21. The process whereby small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is:

A.diffusion B.active transport C.endocytosis D.exocytosis

22. The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane is called:

A.denaturation B.osmosis C.dispersion D.dissociation

23. Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.

A.In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell.

B.In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell.

C.In an isotonic solution the number of particles is equal.

D.Lysis usually occurs when a cell is exposed to hypertonic solutions.

24. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the cell membrane.

A.Lipid molecules can diffuse through the membrane.

B.Gases can diffuse through the membrane.

C.Lysis refers to disrupted cell membranes.

D.Energy is not expended during diffusion.

E.All of the choices are correct.

25. A hypertonic solution contains:

A.equal amounts of solute and water

B.greater concentration of solute than the cytoplasm

C.lesser concentration of solute than the cytoplasm

D.no solutes

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26. A cell in a hypotonic solution:

A.loses water B.gains water

C.gains and loses the same amount of water 27. A cell in an isotonic solution:

A.loses water B.gains water

C.gains and loses the same amount of water

28. Particles, which dissolve within a solution, are called:

A.solute B.solvent C.saturant

29. Distilled water is 100% water with no solutes. A cell placed in distilled water will:

A.shrink

B.swell and burst C.stay the same

30. The process of forming an internal vesicle and releasing it from the cell is called:

A.endocytosis B.exocytosis

31. The central structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA is called:

A.nucleus B.nucleolus

C.nuclear envelope

D.nucleoplasm

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32. Choose the CORRECT statement.

A.Groups of ribosomes are called polymers.

B.Ribosomes can be found inside the nucleus.

C.Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.

D.Smooth ER is associated with ribosomes.

33. The complex system of membranous channels and saccules continuous with the plasma membrane is:

A.endoplasmic reticulum B.nucleolus

C.vesicles/vacuoles D.Golgi apparatus

34. Organelles responsible for chemical energy in the cell are:

A.centrioles B.mitochondria C.nucleus

D.endoplasmic reticulum

35. The fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called:

A.matrix B.cristae C.rugae D.effluvium

36. Basal bodies are associated with:

A.ribosomes B.mitochondria C.chromosomes D.cilia and flagella

37. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called:

A.respiration

B.photosynthesis

C.metabolism

D.reaction summary

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38. Enzymes:

A.give energy to metabolic reactions B.speed up metabolic reactions

C.act as a buffer in metabolic reactions D.destroy foreign bodies

39. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called:

A.reactants B.products C.metabolites D.enzymes

40. The substance that an enzyme works upon is called a:

A.substrate B.reactant C.active site D.coenzyme

41. The site upon the enzyme that interacts with the molecule it works upon is called:

A.substrate B.reactant C.active site D.coenzyme

42. Molecules that are organic and non-protein which assist the activity of an enzyme are called:

A.coenzymes

B.cozymes

C.enfactors

D.substrates

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43. Which of the following is required for active transport to occur?

A.a concentration gradient

B.a carrier and concentration gradient C.carrier and energy

D.vesicles

E.vesicle to membrane fusion

44. The process whereby cells completely break down glucose to CO2 and water for energy is:

A.glycolysis

B.oxidative phosphorylation C.cellular respiration

D.fermentation

45. Which of the following processes does not require oxygen?

A.glycolysis B.citric acid cycle

C.electron transport system

46. Which of the following characterizes the electron transport system?

A.2 free ATP, linear B.2 ATP after two turns C.Produces 32 ATP

47. Which of the following produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?

A.glycolysis B.citric acid cycle

C.electron transport system

48. The final acceptor molecule in the electron transport system is:

A.glucose B.water

C.carbon dioxide

D.oxygen

(10)

49. Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?

A.glycolysis B.citric acid cycle

C.electron transport system

50. Which of the following processes produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 after 2 turns?

A.glycolysis B.citric acid cycle

C.electron transport system

51. The anaerobic process where oxygen is not available to cells and lactic acid is formed is:

A.photosynthesis B.respiration C.fermentation D.oxidation

52. Cellular (aerobic) respiration is a process whereby cells:

A.use oxygen

B.produce carbon dioxide C.produce energy

D.form ATP

E.All of the choices are correct.

53. NAD is:

A.an enzyme

B.a co-enzyme

C.a form of energy

D.a metabolic poison

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54. In the evolution of eukaryotic cells, organelles such as mitochondria may have arisen from cells engulfing:

A.prokaryotic cells B.lysosomes

C.other eukaryotic cells D.abnormal chloroplasts E.free-living mitochondria 55. Fermentation requires:

A.oxygen B.sugar

C.H

2

O and salts D.carbon dioxide 56. In yeast fermentation:

A.oxygen is required

B.an energy source is not required

C.alcohol and carbon dioxide are given off D.All of the choices are correct.

57. Stem cells have been derived from:

A.blood cells B.neural cells C.umbilical cords

D.All of the choices are correct.

58. The folds in mitochondrial membranes are called:

A.matrix

B.cristae

C.rugae

D.cellulate

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Chapter 3 Key

1. The fundamental units that make up all living things are called:

a. compartments B cells

c. chromosomes d. coelom

Mader - 003 Chapter... #1

2. Choose the statement(s) that describe the cell theory.

a. All living things are made of cells.

b. Cells come only from pre-existing cells.

c. Cells must be aggregated.

D All living things are made of cells and cells come only from pre-existing cells.

e. All of the choices are correct.

3. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) concerning cell surface/volume ratios.

a. Surface area reflects ability to exchange materials.

b. Volume reflects metabolic needs.

c. As the volume increases/relative surface area decreases.

D All of the choices are correct.

4. As cell size increases, which of the following increases at a greater rate:

a. surface area

B volume

(13)

5. The reason that cells stay small is most accurately stated as:

a. cells influence nearby cells to divide

B cells' surface areas must heed exchange requirements c. cells need to dissipate heat effectively

d. cells divide before mitosis occurs

6. The semi-fluid internal medium of a cell that dissolves molecules between the nucleus and cell membrane is called:

a. nucleolus B cytoplasm c. nucleoplasm d. cytomatrix

7. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a:

a. plasma membrane b. Sanger enclosure c. cell membrane d. dialysis membrane

E plasma membrane or cell membrane

8. Small membranous structures that occur within the cell and have various functions are referred to as:

a. matrices B organelles c. cytoskeleton d. Golgi bodies

(14)

9. The network of interconnected filaments and microtubules within a cell is collectively called the:

a. nucleoli b. matrices c. organelles D cytoskeleton e. Golgi bodies

10. The function of the plasma membrane is:

a. determines which substances enter and leave the cell b. serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment

c. contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environment D All of the choices are correct.

11. Which structure contains the majority of genetic material within the cell?

A nucleus b. nucleolus c. lysosome

d. plasma membrane

12. Which of the following serves as a packaging center for secretory products?

a. ribosome B Golgi apparatus c. nucleolus d. centriole

13. Which of the following functions to produce ribosomes?

(15)

14. Which of the following is the primary source of ATP production?

a. lysosome B mitochondrion c. vacuole d. Golgi bodies

15. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion?

a. mitochondrion B lysosome c. vacuole d. centriole

16. Uncoiled DNA found in the nucleoplasm is called:

a. RNA B chromatin c. nucleolus d. chromosome e. centrosome

17. Accumulation of undigested substances in neurons causes Tay Sachs disease. The cellular abnormality is:

a. lack of Golgi apparatus b. excess mitochondria c. abnormal chloroplasts D lack of a lysosomal enzyme e. misshapen endoplasmic reticulum

(16)

18. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the plasma membrane.

a. Hydrophilic ends face outwards toward water.

b. Hydrophobic ends inwards, toward themselves.

c. Proteins are embedded into the plasma membrane.

d. The phospholipid bilayer is a liquid at body temperature.

E All of the choices are correct.

19. Hydrophilic means:

A water-loving or seeking b. water-avoiding or hating c. saturated with water molecules

20. The ability of the plasma membrane to select which molecules will enter or exit the cell is referred to as:

a. differential selectiveness b. metabolic diversity C selective permeability d. diffusion

21. The process whereby small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is:

A diffusion b. active transport c. endocytosis d. exocytosis

(17)

22. The diffusion of water across a permeable membrane is called:

a. denaturation B osmosis c. dispersion d. dissociation

23. Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.

a. In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell.

b. In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell.

C In an isotonic solution the number of particles is equal.

d. Lysis usually occurs when a cell is exposed to hypertonic solutions.

24. Choose the CORRECT statement concerning the cell membrane.

a. Lipid molecules can diffuse through the membrane.

b. Gases can diffuse through the membrane.

c. Lysis refers to disrupted cell membranes.

d. Energy is not expended during diffusion.

E All of the choices are correct.

25. A hypertonic solution contains:

a. equal amounts of solute and water

B greater concentration of solute than the cytoplasm c. lesser concentration of solute than the cytoplasm d. no solutes

26. A cell in a hypotonic solution:

a. loses water B gains water

c. gains and loses the same amount of water

(18)

27. A cell in an isotonic solution:

a. loses water b. gains water

C gains and loses the same amount of water

28. Particles, which dissolve within a solution, are called:

A solute b. solvent c. saturant

29. Distilled water is 100% water with no solutes. A cell placed in distilled water will:

a. shrink

B swell and burst c. stay the same

30. The process of forming an internal vesicle and releasing it from the cell is called:

a. endocytosis B exocytosis

31. The central structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA is called:

a. nucleus B nucleolus

c. nuclear envelope d. nucleoplasm

(19)

32. Choose the CORRECT statement.

a. Groups of ribosomes are called polymers.

b. Ribosomes can be found inside the nucleus.

C Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.

d. Smooth ER is associated with ribosomes.

33. The complex system of membranous channels and saccules continuous with the plasma membrane is:

A endoplasmic reticulum b. nucleolus

c. vesicles/vacuoles d. Golgi apparatus

34. Organelles responsible for chemical energy in the cell are:

a. centrioles B mitochondria c. nucleus

d. endoplasmic reticulum

35. The fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called:

A matrix b. cristae c. rugae d. effluvium

36. Basal bodies are associated with:

a. ribosomes b. mitochondria c. chromosomes D cilia and flagella

(20)

37. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called:

a. respiration b. photosynthesis C metabolism d. reaction summary

38. Enzymes:

a. give energy to metabolic reactions B speed up metabolic reactions

c. act as a buffer in metabolic reactions d. destroy foreign bodies

39. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions are called:

a. reactants b. products c. metabolites D enzymes

40. The substance that an enzyme works upon is called a:

A substrate b. reactant c. active site d. coenzyme

41. The site upon the enzyme that interacts with the molecule it works upon is called:

a. substrate

(21)

42. Molecules that are organic and non-protein which assist the activity of an enzyme are called:

A coenzymes b. cozymes c. enfactors d. substrates

43. Which of the following is required for active transport to occur?

a. a concentration gradient

b. a carrier and concentration gradient C carrier and energy

d. vesicles

e. vesicle to membrane fusion

44. The process whereby cells completely break down glucose to CO2 and water for energy is:

a. glycolysis

b. oxidative phosphorylation C cellular respiration

d. fermentation

45. Which of the following processes does not require oxygen?

A glycolysis b. citric acid cycle

c. electron transport system

46. Which of the following characterizes the electron transport system?

a. 2 free ATP, linear b. 2 ATP after two turns C Produces 32 ATP

(22)

47. Which of the following produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?

a. glycolysis B citric acid cycle

c. electron transport system

48. The final acceptor molecule in the electron transport system is:

a. glucose b. water

c. carbon dioxide D oxygen

49. Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm?

A glycolysis b. citric acid cycle

c. electron transport system

50. Which of the following processes produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 after 2 turns?

a. glycolysis B citric acid cycle

c. electron transport system

51. The anaerobic process where oxygen is not available to cells and lactic acid is formed is:

a. photosynthesis

b. respiration

C fermentation

d. oxidation

(23)

52. Cellular (aerobic) respiration is a process whereby cells:

a. use oxygen

b. produce carbon dioxide c. produce energy

d. form ATP

E All of the choices are correct.

53. NAD is:

a. an enzyme B a co-enzyme c. a form of energy d. a metabolic poison

54. In the evolution of eukaryotic cells, organelles such as mitochondria may have arisen from cells engulfing: