Scottish Qualifications Authority

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National Unit Specification General information

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6) Unit code: J5DE 46

Superclass: XH Publication date: May 2021

Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority

Version: 01

Unit purpose

This unit may form part of a National Qualification Group Award or may be offered on a free standing basis. This is a mainly theoretical unit designed to provide learners with knowledge and understanding of Engineering Thermodynamics. During the delivery of the unit leaners will learn about property changes and energy transfer processes in closed and open thermodynamic systems. They will also develop the knowledge and understanding to describe heat transfer processes and perform simple calculations involving such processes.

Leaners will also have an opportunity to investigate in some depth energy transfers in an open system such as an internal combustion engine or basic steam power cycle or

refrigerator, etc. This unit is suitable for leaners training to be marine, mechanical, or multi- disciplinary engineering technicians.

Outcomes

On successful completion of the unit the learner will be able to:

1 Describe and apply the effect of heat transfer in solids and liquids.

2 Describe isothermal, isometric and isobaric processes and apply the equations of perfect gases.

3 Describe the different state of fluids and determine the properties of vapours using thermodynamics tables.

Credit points and level

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National Unit Specification: General information (cont)

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6) Recommended entry to the unit

While entry to this unit is at the discretion of the centre; leaners would normally be expected to have attained a mathematics qualification or unit at SCQF level 5, eg one of the following:

1 National 5 Mathematics at grade C or above 2 Pass in National 5 Mathematics free-standing units 3 Maths at Sea online course

Additionally, leaners would also be expected to have a physical science qualification at SCQF level 5, eg one of the following:

1 National 5 Physics at grade C or above

2 National 5 Engineering Science at grade C or above 3 Pass in National 5 Physics free-standing units

4 Pass in National 5 Engineering Science free-standing units

Core Skills

This unit provides opportunities to develop aspects of Core Skills are highlighted in the support notes for this unit specification.

There is no automatic certification of Core Skills or Core Skill components in this unit.

Context for delivery

If this unit is delivered as part of a group award, it is recommended that it should be taught and assessed within the subject area of the group award to which it contributes.

Equality and inclusion

This unit specification has been designed to ensure that there are no unnecessary barriers to learning or assessment. The individual needs of learners should be taken into account when planning learning experiences, selecting assessment methods or considering alternative evidence.

Further advice can be found on our website www.sqa.org.uk/assessmentarrangements.

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National Unit Specification: Statement of standards

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6)

Acceptable performance in this unit will be the satisfactory achievement of the standards set out in this part of the unit specification. All sections of the statement of standards are

mandatory and cannot be altered without reference to SQA.

Outcome 1

Describe and apply the effect of heat transfer in solids and liquids.

Performance criteria

(a) Identify heat energy, latent heat energy, sensible heat energy, specific heat energy, rate of heat energy.

(b) Determine resultant temperature when heat exchanging takes place.

(c) Identify the effect of thermal expansion and contraction in maritime industry.

(d) Apply expansion and contraction equations which include coefficient of linear expansion and coefficient of cubical expansion.

(e) Identify the mechanisms of heat transfer and environmentally friendly insulation materials.

(f) Determine the rate of heat energy transferred through a single wall and a fluid.

Outcome 2

Describe isothermal, isometric and isobaric processes and apply the equations of perfect gases.

(a) Identify the different forms of energy: heat energy, work energy, internal energy, enthalpy and their specific forms.

(b) Apply gas law equation, general gas equation and Joule law.

(c) Identify and apply the non-flow energy equation.

(d) Describe P-V diagram, and determine work energy, heat energy of isothermal, isobaric and isometric processes.

(e) Determine specific work energy, specific heat energy of isothermal, isobaric and isometric processes.

(f) Identify and apply steady flow energy equation.

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National Unit Specification: Statement of standards (cont)

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6) Outcome 3

Describe the different state of fluids and determine the properties of vapours using thermodynamics tables.

♦ Describe temperature — heat energy graph of liquid water heated up until superheated vapour.

♦ Identify the difference between subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour.

♦ Determine the specific volume of subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour for water or refrigerants.

♦ Determine specific internal energy of subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour for water or refrigerants.

♦ Determine specific enthalpy of subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour for water or refrigerants.

♦ Identify environmentally friendly refrigerants.

Evidence requirements for this unit

Evidence is required to demonstrate that learners have achieved all outcomes and performance criteria.

Written and/or recorded oral evidence should be produced to demonstrate that a leaner has achieved all outcomes and performance criteria. Outcomes 1, 2, and 3 may be assessed on an individual basis, as a combination of outcomes, or as a single, holistic assessment

covering all three outcomes. The total time for assessment(s) of the three outcomes must not exceed two hours. Assessment(s) must be conducted under supervised, closed-book

conditions in which leaners may use reference materials in the form of a formula sheet and steam tables provided by the centre but are not allowed to bring their own notes, handouts, textbooks or other materials into the assessment. Learners should be permitted to use a scientific calculator but not a programmable.

Outcome 1

Evidence for the knowledge and or skills in this outcome will be provided on a sample basis.

Written and/or oral evidence based on a sample of four from six knowledge and/or skills items should be provided in any assessment of this outcome.

In order to ensure that the learners will not be able to foresee what items they will be

questioned on, a different sample of four out of six knowledge and/or skills items is required each time the outcome is assessed.

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National Unit Specification: Statement of standards (cont)

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6)

Where sampling takes place, a learner’s response can be judged to be satisfactory where evidence provided is sufficient to meet the requirements by showing that the learner is able to:

♦ Identify and determine latent heat energy, sensible heat energy, specific heat energy, rate of heat energy using correct thermodynamics equations and units.

♦ Determine correctly resultant temperature when a hot and a cold materials are mixed or in contact with each other without changing phases.

♦ Identify real life scenarios of thermal expansion and contraction in maritime industry.

♦ Determine linear expansion using coefficient of linear expansion and cubical expansion using coefficient of cubical expansion.

♦ Identify the three mechanisms of heat transfer with examples on board ships and identify examples of environmentally friendly insulating materials.

♦ Determine rate of heat energy transferred through a single wall and rate of heat energy transferred through a fluid using thermal resistance equations for solids and fluids with the correct units.

Outcome 2

Written and/or oral evidence based on a sample of four from six knowledge and/or skills items should be provided in any assessment of this outcome.

In order to ensure that the learners will not be able to foresee what items they will be

questioned on, a different sample of four out of six knowledge and/or skills items is required each time the outcome is assessed.

♦ Identify different forms of thermodynamics energy by solving problems involving two of the following: heat energy and specific heat energy; work energy and specific work energy; internal energy and specific internal energy; or enthalpy and specific enthalpy.

♦ Solve problems using the correct equations and units involving the general gas law, general gas equation and Joule law.

♦ Identify the terms of the Non-Flow Energy Equation (NFEE) with the correct units and solve problems involving the equation.

♦ Sketch P-V diagram and determine both work energy and heat energy for isothermal, isobaric and isometric processes with the correct units.

♦ Determine both specific work energy and specific heat energy for isothermal, isobaric and isometric processes with the correct units.

♦ Identify the terms of Steady Flow Energy Equation (SFEE) with the correct units and determine power or heat rate for boilers, compressors or turbines.

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National Unit Specification: Statement of standards (cont)

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6)

Outcome 3

Written and/or oral evidence based on a sample of four from five knowledge and/or skills items should be provided in any assessment of this outcome.

In order to ensure that the learners will not be able to foresee what items they will be questioned on, a different sample of three out of four knowledge and/or skills items is required each time the outcome is assessed.

♦ Sketch temperature — Heat energy graph of liquid water heated up to superheated vapour and name the different phases of water on the graph.

♦ Identify the five different states of fluids: subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour for water or refrigerants.

♦ Use thermodynamics tables or equations as appropriate to determine specific volume of:

subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour and superheated vapour for water or refrigerants.

♦ Use thermodynamics tables to determine specific internal energy of subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour for water or refrigerants.

♦ Use thermodynamics tables to determine specific enthalpy: of subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour for water or refrigerants.

♦ Identify examples of environmentally friendly refrigerants.

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National Unit Support Notes

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6)

Unit support notes are offered as guidance and are not mandatory.

While the exact time allocated to this unit is at the discretion of the centre, the notional design length is 40 hours.

Guidance on the content and context for this unit

This unit forms part of the National Qualification Group Award in Maritime and Shipping Operations at SCQF level 6, but may also be offered on a free standing basis. The aim of this unit is to provide leaners with knowledge and understanding of maritime

thermodynamics. On successful completion of the unit leaners will have learnt about:

1 Heat energy, thermal expansion and contraction, as well as heat transfer 2 Gas laws, no flow energy equation and steady flow energy equation 3 The five different states of subcooled liquids

In Outcome 1 leaners should learn about:

♦ Heat energy, latent heat energy, sensible heat energy, specific heat energy, rate of heat energy in systems on board ships for examples: boilers or engine room

♦ Resultant temperature in the cooler of hot oil and engine coolant or mixing different amounts of water at different temperatures

♦ Thermal expansion and contraction in machines and equipment on board ships

♦ Coefficient of linear expansion and coefficient of cubical expansion in machinery and equipment on board ship

♦ Mechanisms of heat transfer identifying real scenarios in maritime industries and renewable insulating materials

♦ Rate of heat energy transferred through a single wall through a boiler construction wall and a fluid through water in the boiler

♦ Different forms of energy: heat energy, work energy, internal energy, enthalpy and their specific forms

♦ General gas law, general gas equation, Joule law

♦ Non-flow energy equation

♦ P-V diagram, work energy, heat energy of isothermal, isobaric and isometric processes

♦ Specific work energy, specific heat energy of isothermal, isobaric and isometric

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National Unit Support Notes (cont)

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6)

♦ Temperature — heat energy graph of liquid water heated up to superheated vapour in a boiler

♦ Subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour of water heated up in a boiler or a refrigerant used in refrigeration cycles

♦ Specific volume of subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour of water when heated up in a boiler or a refrigerant used in

refrigeration cycles

♦ Specific internal energy of subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated vapour of water when heated up in a boiler or a refrigerant used in refrigeration cycles

♦ Specific enthalpy of subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, superheated of water when heated up in a boiler or a refrigerant used in refrigeration cycles

♦ Environmentally friendly refrigerants

Guidance on approaches to delivery of this unit

It is recommended that the unit is delivered in the same sequence the outcomes are

presented in the National Unit Specification: statement of standards section of the unit. The unit may be delivered by a suitable balance of lectures, tutorial work, computer simulation, practical laboratory work and industrial visits. The majority of the unit may be delivered in a classroom, but some aspects of the unit should be delivered in a suitable environment such as a thermodynamics laboratory. Such practical work would help leaners to set the theory learnt in the classroom into a practical context. In a similar way centres may use industrial visits to allow leaners to develop their knowledge and understanding of practical mechanical power plant and the way in which maritime thermodynamics theory applies to such plant.

Video/DVD materials of engineering plant in operation may be useful in illustrating theory in practice. The Internet contains a rich source of materials on basic engineering

thermodynamics. The unit should be fully supported with relevant printed learning materials and access to electronic and on-line materials as appropriate

Guidance on approaches to assessment of this unit

Centres are encouraged to use formative assessment as a means of reinforcing the presentation of thermodynamics theory and in developing the ability of the leaners to apply the theory in solving problems. Regardless of whether assessment is carried out on an individual basis, as a combination of outcomes or on a single, holistic basis any assessment paper(s) used may comprise a suitable balance of short answer, restricted response and structured questions.

Centres are reminded that prior verification of centre-devised assessments would help to ensure that the national standard is being met. Where learners experience a range of

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National Unit Support Notes (cont)

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6) Opportunities for e-assessment

E-assessment may be appropriate for some assessments in this unit. By e-assessment we mean assessment which is supported by Information and Communication Technology (ICT), such as e-testing or the use of e-portfolios or social software. Centres which wish to use e-assessment must ensure that the national standard is applied to all learner evidence and that conditions of assessment as specified in the evidence requirements are met, regardless of the mode of gathering evidence. The most up-to-date guidance on the use of

e-assessment to support SQA’s qualifications is available at www.sqa.org.uk/e-assessment.

Opportunities for developing Core and other essential skills

In all outcomes each of the assessment requires the learner to be able to solve problems.

This will give the learner the opportunity to develop the component ‘Using Number’ of the Core Skill Numeracy at SCQF level 5. The specific Core Skill elements that the learner will have to complete are Work Confidently to Solve a Numerical Problem, and Carry Out a Number of Sustained, Complex Calculations.

This unit has the Using Number component of Numeracy and the Critical Thinking

component of Problem Solving embedded in it. This means that when learners achieve the unit, their Core Skills profile will also be updated to show they have achieved Using Number at SCQF level 5 and Critical Thinking at SCQF level 4.

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History of changes to unit

Version Description of change Date

This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that no profit is derived from reproduction and that, if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged.

Additional copies of this unit specification can be purchased from the Scottish Qualifications Authority. Please contact the Business Development and Customer Support team, telephone 0303 333 0330.

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General information for learners

Unit title: Marine Thermodynamics: An Introduction (SCQF level 6)

This section will help you decide whether this is the unit for you by explaining what the unit is about, what you should know or be able to do before you start, what you will need to do during the unit and opportunities for further learning and employment.

This unit has been designed to allow you to develop knowledge, understanding and skills in marine thermodynamics concepts including:

♦ Heat energy, thermal expansion and contraction, and rate of heat energy transferred.

♦ Different forms of thermodynamics energy, pressure-volume diagrams for different processes, gas laws, non-flow energy equation, and steady flow energy equation.

♦ Different states of fluids: subcooled liquid, saturated liquid, wet vapour, dry saturated vapour, and superheated vapour. Using thermodynamics tables to determine these values.

It always enhances your learning when you can apply the theoretical knowledge to a practical marine engineering environment. It may be the case that during the unit you will have the opportunity to relate this theory to practice by use of computer simulation. The learner will also be able to apply the theories learnt to a practical situation when on board ship as part of their training programme.

By the end of this unit, you will be expected to sit an assessment(s) covering all the learning outcomes where you will be tested on the concepts you have learned. The total assessment time should last no more than two hours and will be conducted under closed-book conditions.

In order to be successful in this unit you will need to apply the engineering theories learned across the three learning outcomes to real engineering environments. You will be assessed on the level of your knowledge and understanding of engineering processes and your ability to perform sometimes complex calculations to a high degree of accuracy.

There are opportunities to develop the core skills which may be embedded.