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Application Layer -1- Network Tools

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Domain Name System (DNS)

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Internet’s telephone book: Address ↔ name

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Domain name space

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Names must be unique

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Complete control needed

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Internet domains

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Hierarchy of domain name servers

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13 logical root name servers

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Recursive resolution

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Domain name to IP address

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troll.trollnet.se

magi.magicnet.se

2. magicnet.se ?

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Domain name to IP address

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troll.trollnet.se

magi.magicnet.se

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DHCP operation

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DHCP states

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Debugging Tools

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Applications used for debugging

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Two examples

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Ping

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Ping

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Encapsulation

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ICMP message formats

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Error reporting

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Query messages

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Exercise: ICMP in action

Q: In what kind of network can a host never

receive a redirection message?

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Traceroute

2015-11-30 EITF25 – Internet: Technology and Applications 37

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Application layer paradigms

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Client-server paradigm

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WWW, Online games, Web TV, Facebook

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Peer-to-peer paradigm

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BitTorrent, Voddler, Skype

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Some applications use both paradigms

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Client-server paradigm

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

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Text-based protocol

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Two basic types of messages

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Requests and Responses

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Document retrieval

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HTTP request and response format

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HTTP methods in requests

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Example request and response

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Cookies

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References

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