Flow measurement using Wire-Mesh Sensor technique

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Flow measurement using

Wire-Mesh Sensor technique

Dr. Arto Ylönen / LUT

Nordic-Gen4 Seminar

September 4-5, 2014

Lappeenranta, Finland

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Introduction

− State-of-the-art Wire-Mesh Sensor was developed by Prasser et al. (1998)

− Wire-Mesh Sensor was commercialized by Teletronic Rossendorf GmbH

− The measurement technique is based on the measurement of conductivity

of fluid between the two layers of wires (transmitters and receivers)

− Technique can be applied to study single- and two-phase flows when

participating fluids have measurably different electrical conductivities

− Single-phase flow (Demineralized water vs. Tap water)

− Two-phase flow (Water vs. Gas)

− Quite recently, Wire-Mesh Sensor based on the measurement of

permeability of the fluid was developed to study non-conductive fluids

− Example: Oil-Gas two-phase flow

− Various Wire-Mesh Sensors have been designed and constructed over the

years to study different flows

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Wire-Mesh Sensor (WMS) technique

− Maximum measurement frequency (WMS200): 10 000 frames/s

− Maximum sensor size (WMS200): 128 × 128 wires

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Wire-Mesh Sensor (WMS) technique

− Conversion of raw measurement values:

− Dimensionless mixing scalar (Single-phase flow)

− Void fraction (Two-phase flow)

4-5.9.2014 Nordic-Gen4 Seminar, Lappeenranta 5

j i DMW j i W j i DMW k j i k j i

I

, , , , , , , , , ,





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%

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, , , , , , , ,



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j i Water k j i j i Water k j i

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Electrical conductivity Single-phase flow Dimensionless mixing scalar (Concentration) Mean Standard deviation Statistics Cross-correlation Frequency analysis etc. Two-phase flow Void fraction Bubble identification Velocity Volume Equivalent diameter Centre of mass Statistics etc.

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Applications of Wire-Mesh Sensor technique

− Wire-Mesh Sensor

− ”Vessel type” Wire-Mesh Sensor

− Liquid Film Sensor (LFS)

− ”Wall-type” Wire-Mesh Sensor

− Thermo-resistive Wire-Mesh Sensor (TMS)

− Wire-Mesh Sensor in a rod bundle

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Examples of different types of Wire-Mesh Sensors

4-5.9.2014 Nordic-Gen4 Seminar, Lappeenranta

− Wire-Mesh Sensor

− TOPFLOW (HZDR, Rossendorf, Germany)

− DN200 pipe

− Size 64 × 64 wires, 2500 frames/s

− Maximum pressure: 7 MPa

− Maximum temperature: 286°C

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Examples of different types of Wire-Mesh Sensors

− ”Vessel-type” Wire-Mesh Sensor

− ROCOM (HZDR, Rossendorf, Germany)

− 1:5 Model of PWR KONVOI

− Size 64 × 32 wires

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Examples of different types of Wire-Mesh Sensors

− Liquid Film Sensor (LFS)

− CALVIN (ETH Zurich, Switzerland)

− 16 × 64 measuring points, 10 000 frames/s

− PhD thesis, Manuel Damsohn, ETHZ, 2011

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Examples of different types of Wire-Mesh Sensors

− ”Wall-type” Wire-Mesh Sensor

− FLORIS test facility (Paul Scherrer Institut,

Villigen, Switzerland)

− Size 112 × 64 wires, 1250 frames/s

− PhD thesis, Davide Bertolotto, EPFL, 2011

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Examples of different types of Wire-Mesh Sensors

− Thermo-resistive Wire-Mesh Sensor (TMS)

− MiniPanda (ETH Zurich, Switzerland)

− 100 frames/s

− PhD thesis, Martin Ritterath, ETHZ, 2012

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Examples of different types of Wire-Mesh Sensors

− Wire-Mesh Sensor in a rod bundle

− SUBFLOW (Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen,

Switzerland)

− Two sensors, 64 × 64 wires, 2500 frames/s

− PhD thesis, Arto Ylönen, ETHZ, 2013

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Examples of WMS measurements in SUBFLOW

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Single/Two-phase flow in a rod bundle (SUBFLOW)

Single-phase flow (with a spacer) Two-phase flow (without a spacer)

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Examples of WMS measurements in HIPE

− Horizontal and Inclined Pipe flow Experiments (HIPE)

− Transparent 2.5 m long test section, ID 50 mm

− Instrumented with two 32 × 32 WMSs

− Special section with optical correction box (for

High-Speed Camera or PIV)

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Two-phase flow in a vertical pipe (HIPE)

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The effect of pipe inclination (HIPE)

0° (Vertical) 67.5° 90° (Horizontal)

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New developments

− Wire-Mesh Sensor for the study of axial flow behavior was designed in LUT,

and will be tested in HIPE test facility during this autumn

− The sensor has 16 × 128 in-flow measurement points and measures up to

10 000 frames/s

16 wires (45 mm)

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Summary

− Wire-Mesh Sensors have been applied to various flow studies and have

proved out to be useful tool for CFD code validation purposes

− High resolution data can provide new information on flow phenomena

− During the last couple of years, the technique has been successfully used

for the new applications such as gas mixing studies

− Further development of data analysis tools is essential to extract the

needed information from the WMS data

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Flow measurement using Wire-Mesh Sensor technique