Risk Assessment Data Directory. Report No. 434 A1 March Appendix 1

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Report No. 434 – A1

March 2010

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P

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Appendix I Data Presented in 1996 Datasheet:

ESD and Blowdown

Systems

This Appendix presents data previously given in the OGP (then E&P Forum) QRA

datasheet

ESD and Blowdown Systems

. The current data is copyright, as stated in

Section 2.1; the data previously presented is given in Table I.1 and Table I.2 for

reference but should be regarded as illustrative and checked against one of the

current sources listed in Table 2.1.

Table I.1 Illustrative Data for a Riser ESD Valves System

Item Description Failure rate (per

year) Pilot Valve Pilot Valve Pilot Valve PO Check Valve PO Check Valve PO Check Valve PO Check Valve PO Check Valve Check Valve ESD SOV ESD SOV ESD SOV ESD SOV ESDV ESDV Valve Actuator Actuator Actuator Ball Valve Ball Valve Valve Limit Switch Switch Switch Pilot Line Regulator Accumulator Accumulator Accumulator Annunciator Air Supply Air Supply Pump Filter Filter Filter Gauge Pipework All Failures Fail energised Fail de-energised Fail energised fixed Fail de-energised fixed Fail de-energised dynamic Blocked or pilot signal lost Internal leakage

Hydraulic; All failures All failures

Fail energised Fail de-energised Reset pin failure Fail to close position Fail to re-open Needle, Hydraulic Hydraulic, fail to close Hydraulic, fail to open

Hydraulic, all failures + incipient Fail to close

All failures

Hydraulic manually activated Failure, closed circuit

Level; all failures inc. incipient Press; all failures inc. incipient Failure

Spring induced failure Hydraulic Leaking

Hydraulic no operation/piston fail

Minor leakage

Microprocessor based; fail to alarm

Instrument air supply failure 3 × 50% Compressor system Hydraulic

Air Fluid

Blocked, (Pre filter low concentration level)

Pressure: Faulty indication Instrument Connection Leakage

0.018 0.012 0.006 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.00804 0.0107 0.0268 0.0115 0.0077 0.0038 1.15E-4 0.0219 0.00817 0.0119 not given 0.0278 0.00692 0.1458 0.00578 0.05589 0.0211 0.0021 0.0841 0.1139 0.0001 0.0230 0.0912 0.0120 0.0026 0.0860 0.6220 0.0296 0.0147 0.0105 0.0263 0.03416 0.1752 8.76E-5

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Appendix II Data Presented in 1996 Datasheet:

Active Fire Protection

Systems

This Appendix presents data previously given in the OGP (then E&P Forum) QRA

datasheet

Active Fire Protection Systems

. The current data is copyright, as stated in

Section 2.1Error! Reference source not found.; the data previously presented is

given in Table II.1 to Table II.9 for reference but should be regarded as illustrative and

checked against one of the current sources listed in Table 2.1.

Table II.1 Typical failure rates for fire protection systems

Equipment Type Failures (per 106 hrs)

Failures (per demand)

Firewater system 9.7 0.01

Water supply - diesel engine driven pumpset

0.025 Water supply - electric

motor driven pumpset

0.004

Deluge system 0.015

Sprinkler system 0.005

Foam mixing system 0.01

Foam supply system 0.02

Halon system 87.0 0.02

CO2 system 8.0 0.02

Table II.2 Failure rates for pumps (source 1, oil and gas industry)

Pump type Failures

per demand Failures per 106 hrs operating Failures per 106 hrs calendar Electric motor (offshore) 0.0033 4719 56 (process industry) 0.043

Diesel engine (offshore) 0.023 25808 185

(process industry) 0.019

Table II.3 Failure rates for pumps

Pump type Failure mode Failures

per 106 calendar hrs Failures per demand All 22 0.094 While running 1.9 0.019 Positive displacement Fail to start 1.9 Centrifugal All 99 0.033

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Table II.4 Failure rates for firewater distribution valves

Type Failures per

demand Failures per 106 operating hrs Air/hydraulic 0.0003 10 Motorised 0.001 10 Solenoid 0.001 10 Pressure regulating 50 Pressure relief 2.3

Table II.5 Failure rates for firewater distribution mains

Leaks per 106 hrs Equipment

type _Medium _Serious _Large

Fire main 0.04/m Joint (>2 in ND) 0.014 0.0015 Joint (<2 in ND) 0.0015 Valve (>2 in ND) 0.009 0.001 Valve (<2 in ND) 0.001 Pipe (>2 in ND) 0.0015/100 m 0.0002/100 m

Table II.6 Failure rates for sprinklers

Equipment type Failure per demand Failures per 106 hrs System 0.005 Control valve 0.001 10 Automatic head 0.001

Table II.7 Failure rates for deluge sets

Equipment type Failure per demand Failures per 106 hrs System 0.015 Butterfly valve 0.001 10 Swing type valve 0.001 10 Pneumatic valve 0.0099 21

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Table II.8 Failure rates for foam supply systems

Equipment type Failure per

demand

Failure per 106 hrs Foam compound supply

Centrifugal electric pump 0.007 200

Pelton wheel motor 0.007 200

Supply system 0.02

Foam compound proportioning negligible

In-line proportioner 0.005 negligible

Nozzle eductor 0.005 negligible

Metered proportioner 0.005 negligible

Pressure proportioning tank 0.005 negligible

Around-the-pump proportioner 0.005 negligible

Foam generation

Low expansion foam maker 0.005 negligible

High back-pressure foam maker 0.005 negligible

Table II.9 Failure rates for gaseous systems

Equipment type Failure per demand Failure per 106 hrs Halon System 0.0004* 0.02* 87 Discharge nozzle 0.27 CO2 System 8

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Appendix III Data Presented in 1996 Datasheet:

Fire and Gas

Detection

This Appendix presents data previously given in the OGP (then E&P Forum) QRA

datasheet

Fire and Gas Detection

. The current data is copyright, as stated in Section

2.1; the data previously presented is given in Table III.1 for reference but should be

regarded as illustrative and checked against one of the current sources listed in Table

2.1. Table III.1 Typical failure rates for fire and gas detection systems

Failure rate per 106 hrs Component _λ_crit per 106 hrs Cove-rage c _λ det λSO λFTO TIF (Test Independent Failures) Gas detector, conventional catalytic 5.5 50% 3.0 1.0 1.5 3 × 10-4 - 0.1 Gas detector, conventional IR 4.0 70% 2.9 0.1 1.0 3 × 10-4 to 0.1

Gas detector, beam 7 70% 5 1 1 3 × 10-4 to 0.1

Smoke detector 4.0 40% 1.5 2.0 0.5 10-3 to 0.05

Heat detector 2.5 40% 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.05 to 0.5

Flame detector 7.0 40% 2.5 3.0 1.5 3 × 10-4 to 0.5

ESD push button 1.0 20% 0.2 0.6 0.2 10-5

FGD node (single PLC system)

80.0 90% 72.0 6.0 2.0 5 × 10-5 to 5 × 10-4

Field bus coupler 0.2 90% 0.18 0.02 0.001 10-5

Field bus CPU/ Communications unit

0.2 90% 0.18 0.02 0.001 10-5

λcrit = Total critical failure rate of the component. Rate of failures that will cause either

trip or unavailability of safety function (unless detected and prevented from causing such failure).

λdet = Rate of critical failure which will be detected by automatic self-test or by control

room monitoring. The effect of these failures on the Spurious Trip Rate (STR) depends on the operational philosophy of the system.

c = det / crit = Coverage of the automatic self-test + control room operator.

λSO = Rate of Spurious Operation (SO) failures, undetectable by automatic self-test.

The rate of Spurious Operation (SO) failures of a component contributes to the STR of the system (independent of operation philosophy).

λFTO = Rate of failures causing Fail-To-Operate (FTO) failures, undetectable by

automatic self-test. The FTO failures contribute to the Critical Safety Unavailability (CSU) of the component/system.

TIF = Test Independent Failures. The probability that a component which has just been functionally tested will fail on demand (applies for FTO failures only). The TIF probability is the probability that a component which has just been tested will fail on demand. This will include failures caused by for example improper location or inadequate design (software error or inadequate detection principle). An imperfect functional testing procedure will also contribute. Finally, the

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possibility that the maintenance crew perform an erroneous functional test or fail to return the component to a working state (which is usually not detected before the next test) also contributes to the TIF probability.

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Appendix IV Data Presented in 1996 Datasheet:

Blowout Prevention

Equipment

This Appendix presents data previously given in the OGP (then E&P Forum) QRA

datasheet

Blowout Prevention Equipment

. The current data is copyright, as stated in

Section 2.1; the data previously presented is given in Table IV.1 to Table IV.5 for

reference but should be regarded as illustrative and checked against one of the

current sources listed in Table 2.1.

Table IV.1 Subsea BOP item specific average downtime

Average downtime (hrs)

BOP item No of

failures

Total down-time

(hrs) per BOP-day per rig-day

Flexible joints 0 - - -

Annular preventers 8 534.5 0.203 0.177

Ram preventers 4 146.5 0.056 0.048

Hydraulic connectors 6 111.5 0.042 0.037

Failsafe valves 2 67.0 0.025 0.022

Choke and kill lines 19 627.0 0.238 0.207

Hydraulic control system 28 521.5 0.198 0.173

Acoustic control system 7 134.0 0.051 0.044

Total 74 2142.0 0.813 0.708

Notes:

1.

BOP-days are all days from the time the BOP is first landed on the wellhead, until it is pulled the last time.

2.

Rig-days is the time from when the rig arrives on location and drops the anchors, until the last anchor is pulled prior to leaving the location.

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Table IV.2 Subsea BOP item specific failure rate with 90% confidence

limits

Failure rate per 106 hours BOP item Failure mode

Lower limit Estimate Upper limit Flexible joints 0.0 0.0 36.4

Failed to open fully 23.6 54.1 94.8

Hydraulic leakage 0.5 9.0 27.0

Unknown 0.5 9.0 27.0

Annular preventers

Total 35.9 72.1 118.5

Internal leakage (seal failures) 1.4 7.9 18.7

Internal leakage (seal and blade failure) 0.2 4.0 11.8

External leakage (door seal) 0.0 0.0 9.1

Failed to fully open 0.2 4.0 11.8

Ram type preventers

Total 5.4 15.8 30.6

External leakage 10.8 31.6 61.3

Failed to unlock 0.4 7.9 23.7

Hydraulic failure in locking device (minor) 0.4 7.9 23.7 Hydraulic connectors Total 20.7 47.4 83.1 Internal leakage 0.1 2.6 7.9 External leakage 0.0 0.0 6.1 Unknown leakage 0.1 2.6 7.9 Failsafe valves Total 0.9 5.3 12.5 Leakage to environment 85.6 134.4 192.1

Plugged line (ice) 0.4 7.9 23.7

Unknown 0.4 7.9 23.7

Total riser related failures 54.7 94.8 143.9

Total flexible jumper hose failures 20.7 47.4 83.1

Total BOP flexible hose failures 0.4 7.9 23.7

Choke and kill lines

Total choke kill line system 98.3 150.2 211.0

Spurious activation of BOP function 0.8 15.8 47.4

Loss of all functions one pod 41.3 94.8 166.2

Loss of several functions one pod 5.6 31.6 75.0

Loss of one function both pods 5.6 31.6 75.0

Loss of one function one pod 85.8 158.1 248.2

Loss of one topside panel 0.8 15.8 47.4

Loss of one function topside panel 0.8 15.8 47.4

Topside minor failures 5.6 31.6 75.0

Other 0.8 15.8 47.4 Unknown 5.6 31.6 75.0 Hydraulic control system Total 314.6 442.6 588.6

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Failure rate per 106 hours BOP item Failure mode

Lower limit

Estimate Upper limit

Failed to operate BOP 5.6 31.6 75.0

Spurious operation one BOP function 0.8 15.8 47.4 One subsea transponder failed to

function

0.8 15.8 47.4

Portable unit failed 0.8 15.8 47.4

Function failure LMRP function 0.8 15.8 47.4

Transducer arm failed 0.8 15.8 47.4

Acoustic control system

Total 51.9 110.6 187.2

Total subsea BOP system 955.4 1169.7 1402.5

Table IV.3 Detection of subsea BOP failures

Activity when failure detected BOP Item Total BOP on rig Run-ning BOP Installation test Regular tests/ drilling Flexible joints 0 - - - - Annular preventers 8 0 0 1 7 Ram preventers 4 1 0 3 0 Hydraulic connectors 6 3 0 1 2 Failsafe valves 2 1 0 1 0

Choke and kill lines 19 1 5 1 12

Hydraulic. Control system 28 4 3 9 12

Acoustic control system 7 0 1 5 1

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Table IV.4 Overview of surface BOP item specific number of failures and

down times

Number of failures

BOP item Pressure

class Days in servic e Install-ation Oper-ation Total Total down time (hrs) Averag e down time per day (hrs) Low pressure 473 1 5 6 6 0.013 High pressure 1891 6 9 15 50.5 0.027 Annular preventers Total 2364 7 14 21 56.5 0.024 Low pressure 473 1 0 1 0.5 0.001 High pressure 1891 1 7 8 62.5 0.033 Shear/blind rams Total 2364 2 7 9 63 0.027 Low pressure 401 0 0 0 - 0.000 High pressure 3782 2 1 3 10 0.003 Pipe rams Total 4183 2 1 3 10 0.002 Low pressure 473 7 1 8 13 0.027 High pressure 1891 7 12 19 66.5 0.035 Control system Total 2364 14 13 27 79.5 0.034 Low pressure 473 2 0 2 16.5 0.035 High pressure 1891 5 0 5 32.5 0.017 BOP to high pressure riser connection Total 2364 7 0 7 49 0.021 Low pressure 473 1 0 1 1 0.002 High pressure 1891 6 1 7 10.5 0.006 Riser conns. and wellhead connections Total 2364 7 1 8 11.5 0.005

Failsafe valves Total 5994 5 3 8 20 0.003

Low pressure 473 2 0 2 5 0.011 High pressure 1891 0 0 0 - 0.000 BOP stack clamps Total 2364 2 0 2 5 0.002 Low pressure 473 1 0 1 3.5 0.007 High pressure 1891 1 0 1 0 0.000 Choke/kill lines Total 2364 2 0 2 3.5 0.001 Low pressure 473 17 6 23 49 0.104 High pressure 1891 31 33 64 249 0.132 Total BOP system

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Table IV.5 Surface BOP item specific failure modes and frequencies with

90% confidence limits (all failures included)

BOP Item Failure mode

Failure rate per 10

6

_hours

Lower limit

Estimate Upper limit

Leakage in closed position 46.06 105.75 185.30

Annular preventers

Hydraulic leakage adapter ring (degraded)

0.90 17.63 52.80

External leakage 0.90 17.63 52.80

Premature partly closure shear ram 0.90 17.63 52.80 Shear/blind

rams

Unknown 0.90 17.63 52.80

Pipe rams

Failed to operate BOP 34.72 88.13 161.34

Failed to operate one BOP function 70.16 141.00 231.74 Failed to operate BOP from remote

panels

0.90 17.63 52.80

Spurious activation of BOP functions 0.90 17.63 52.80 Failed to operate rams from remote

panels

0.90 17.63 52.80

Failed to operate rams from remote panels 0.90 17.63 52.80 Hydraulic leakage 34.72 88.13 161.34 Unknown 14.41 52.88 110.97 Hydraulic control systems Incipient 6.26 35.25 83.61 BOP to high pressure riser connections External leakage 57.91 123.38 208.73 Riser & wellhead connections External leakage 70.16 141.00 231.74 External leakage 0.36 6.95 20.82

External hydraulic leakage 0.36 6.95 20.82

Failed to operate valve 0.36 6.95 20.82

Failsafe valves Unknown 0.36 6.95 20.82 BOP stack clamps External leakage 6.26 35.25 83.61 Choke/kill lines External leakage 6.26 35.25 83.61 Total BOP system 1273.39 1533.42 1813.47

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