Biology Study
Guide
– Zoology
– Hang on to this for the exam!!** = State stuff that will be on the test, exam and possibly the MME!! **B2.4B Describe how various organisms have developed different specializations to
accomplish a particular function and yet the end result is the same (e.g., excreting nitrogenous wastes in animals, obtaining oxygen for respiration).
**B3.5d Describe different reproductive strategies employed by various organisms and
explain their advantages and disadvantages.
**B2.3C Explain how stability is challenged by changing physical, chemical, and
environmental conditions as well as the presence of disease agents.
**B2.4C Explain how different organisms accomplish the same result using
different structural specializations (gills vs. lungs vs. membranes). (Digestive, structural, respiratory, reproductive and excretory)
PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS
1) What are the 3 general features of all animals?
2) What is the difference between a one-way and two-way digestive system? Give an example of an animal that exhibits each:
3) What is the difference between motile and sessile? Give an example of a sessile animal.
4) What is the difference between hermaphrodites and parthenogenesis?
5) Identify the kind of symmetry shown: Identify and describe each type
• Which kind of symmetry do most animals (INCLUDING HUMANS) have? _________________________
• How has the differing body plans evolved over time?
• Which one allows for the greatest amount of movement?
6) What does cephalization mean? How would you be able to identify whether an animal exhibits cephalization or not?
7) What does segmentation mean? Do you exhibit segmentation?
8) Color the 3 kinds of COELOMS labeled below then answer the questions about coeloms.
(Endoderm =Yellow Mesoderm = red Ectoderm = blue)
ACOELOMATE PSEUDOCOELOMATE COELOM
(NO space) “true coelom”
MATCH THE KIND OF COELOM ABOVE WITH ITS DESCRIPTION You can use them more than once
Use A for ACOELOM P for PSEUDOCOELOM C for TRUE COELOM
_____ Has a body cavity with mesoderm lining the body wall but not around the gut
_____ Has endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm, but no body cavity (space)
_____ Has a body cavity lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm
_____ type of coelom found in all animals higher than worms on the phylogenetic tree
9) What is the difference between an invertebrate and a vertebrate?
10) Complete the chart listing examples for each of the types of animals
Type Example(s)
Porifera Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes & Nematodes Annelida Mollusca Echinodermata Arthropoda Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
PART 2: PRESENTATIONS
Sponges & Cnidarians:
1) If sponges are sessile – how do they get food?
2) How are sponges different than all other animals?
3) How can sponges reproduce?
4) What type of symmetry do cnidarians have?
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) & Nematodes (Roundworms):
2) What type of digestive system do flatworms have?
3) How do some flatworms remove their wastes?
4) How do some flatworms reproduce? Is this sexual or asexual?
5) Roundworms have what kind of digestive system?
6) How do a lot of flatworms and roundworms survive?
Mollusks & Annelids:
1) What type of symmetry, body cavity and digestive system do mollusks and annelids have?
2) How do mollusks get food?
3) How do they reproduce?
4) What type of circulatory system do they have? What does this mean?
5) What type of respiratory structures do they have?
6) What do they use to excrete wastes?
7) What type of circulatory system do segmented worms have? What does that mean?
Echinoderms:
1) What does “echinoderm” mean and what type of symmetry do they have?
2) What do echinoderms use to move, exchange gases and excrete wastes?
Arthropods: Crustaceans, Arachnids, & Insects
2) What are the advantages & disadvantages of having an exoskeleton?
3) What kinds of respiratory structures do arthropods have?
4) How do they excrete wastes?
Fish & Amphibians:
1) How do fish exchange gases?
2) How many chambers are fish hearts?
3) What do amphibians need for reproduction and why?
4) What does ectotherm mean?
5) How many chambers do amphibian hearts have? Why is this an advantage over fish?
6) How do amphibians breathe?
Reptiles & Birds:
1) Why do reptiles have dry, scaly skin?
2) What is an amniotic egg and why is it an important adaptation for the reptiles and birds?
3) What improvements do the reptile hearts have over fish and amphibian hearts and why do they need this?
4) What are features that distinguish birds from other animals?
5) Why do birds need strong circulatory and respiratory systems? How do they accomplish this?
Mammals:
2) Describe the mammalian heart and its advantages
3) How do mammals reproduce? Explain the 3 different types of young-bearing / what animals do each type:
In conclusion – think about all of the changes and improvements that occurred throughout the phyla/ classes of animals as they were presented
→
(from Sponges Mammals). For example, think about the development of the following:
• Symmetry –
• Heart
structure-• Reproduction & egg
development-• Kidney
development-• Digestive
systems-Labs:
1) Dissection Labs: For the following organs be able to ID structures on the organisms themselves (to help you study for the lab portion – check out online dissection sites and videos to review) and give functions (as asked as part of your lab questions)
