217
Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil Irrigated
by Sewage Sludge and Industrial Effluent (Case Study:
Agh ghallah Industrial Estate
Ali Zafarzadeh1,Mohammadhadi Mehdinejad2, Nazak Amanidaz3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
2Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
3 MSc in Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
(Received July 28, 2014 ; Accepted February 4, 2015)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Industrial effluent and sewage sludge are used as fertilizer since
they contain high levels of nutrient. The main pollutant in industrial effluent is heavy metals. In this study an assessment was made on the impact of industrial wastewater effluent and sewage sludge on accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soil at Agh ghallah industrial Estate.
Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytic study, 72 samples (sewage sludge, effluent
and soil) were collected from the Industrial state. All sampling and tests were performed according to standard methods and concentration of heavy metals was determined using polarography method. To analyze the data, SPSS was used and 95% confidence intervals (P<0.05) were applied.
Results: The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu. Pb and Zn in sewage sludge were 0.53, 15.9, 1.44
and 692.7 mg/kg dw, respectively which were found to be lower than EPA standard. The concentrations of investigated heavy metals were within normal range in wastewater effluent that was discharged into surface water. The mean concentrations of metals in soil irrigated by wastewater were higher than those of the control soil. In a 10-year period, the concentration of lead and zinc increased 130 and 4 fold and cadmium and copper concentrations increased less than two-fold. There was a significant correlation between Zn and Pb in soil, sewage sludge and control soil (P<0.05). However, the concentration of Cd and Cu were not affected (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: The concentrations of heavy metal were found lower than the maximum allowable
level. Therefore, in this area, wastewater and sewage sludge could be used to irrigate agricultural lands and greenspaces in shortage of water, however, environmental regulations should be taken into account.
Keywords: Sludge, industrial effluent, heavy metals
هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ 121 ﻦﻤﻬﺑ لﺎﺳ 1393 ) 226 -217 (
ﻊﻤﺠﺗ
ناﺰﻴﻣ
ﺰﻠﻓ
تا
ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ
كﺎﺧ
ﻲﻋارز
ﺎﺑ
دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ
ﻦﺠﻟ
و
بﺎﺴﭘ
كﺮﻬﺷ
ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ
قآ
ﻼﻗ
هدازﺮﻔﻇﻲﻠﻋ 1 داﮋﻧيﺪﻬﻣيدﺎﻫﺪﻤﺤﻣ 2 زادﻲﻧﺎﻣاكزﺎﻧ 3
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ فﺪﻫو : ﻦﺠﻟ بﺎﺴﭘو بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺑﻲ ﻪ ﻞﻴﻟد اراد ندﻮﺑ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ يدﺎﻳز زا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ،ﻲﺋاﺬﻏ ﺑ ﻪ ناﻮﻨﻋ دﻮـﻛ درﻮـﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا راﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﮔ ﻧ ﺪ . هﺪﻨﻳﻻآﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓ بﺎﺴﭘوﻦﺠﻟردهﺪﺷﺖﻓﺎﻳﻲﻠﺻايﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻيﺎـﻫ . فﺪـﻫ زا مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻦـﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻌﻓدﻦﺠﻟﺮﺛا ﻲ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏﺮﺑﻼﻗقآﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻكﺮﻬﺷبﻼﺿﺎﻓﻪﻧﺎﺧﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗبﺎﺴﭘو ﻲﻣكﺎﺧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . شوروداﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ : ارد ﻳ ﻦ ﺻﻮﺗﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻴ ﻔ ﻲ -ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴﻠ ﻲ ، داﺪﻌﺗ 72 ﻦـﺠﻟوكﺎـﺧ،بﺎـﺴﭘﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻖـﺒﻃ شور ،دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳايﺎـﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺪﺷﻢﻀﻫويروآ . ﺖﻈﻠﻏﺲﭙﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧرد ﺪـﺷراﺪـﻘﻣﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗفاﺮﮔورﻻﻮـﭘﺎـﺑﺎﻫ . هدادﻪـﻴﻠﻛ ﺢﻄـﺳﺎـﺑﺎـﻫ نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا 95 ﺪﺻرد درﻮﻣ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ و ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : ﺎﺘﻧ ﺞﻳ ﻣﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ Cd ، Cu ، Pb و Zn ) mg/kd dw ( ﺑﻲﻌﻓدﻦﺠﻟرد ﻪ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ 53 / 0 ، 9 / 15 ، 44 / 1 و 7 / 692 ﻢﻛو زﺎﺠﻣﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣزاﺮﺗ EPA ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ . نآﺖﻈﻠﻏ بآﻪـﺑﻪـﻴﻠﺨﺗﺖﻬﺟﻲﺟوﺮﺧبﺎﺴﭘردﺎﻫ ﺎـﺒﻟﺎﻏﻲﺤﻄـﺳيﺎـﻫ ً رد ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳاةدوﺪﺤﻣ . ﺶﻴﺑبﺎﺴﭘﺎﺑهﺪﺷيرﺎﻴﺑآكﺎﺧردتاﺰﻠﻓﻦﻳاﺖﻈﻠﻏﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷكﺎﺧزاﺮﺗ ـﺑهدﻮـﺑ ﻪ يرﻮـﻃ زاﺶﻴﺑﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑيوروبﺮﺳﺖﻈﻠﻏﻪﻛ 130 و 4 ﻢﻛﺲﻣومﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛوﺮﺑاﺮﺑ زاﺮﺗ 2 اﺮﺑ هرودﻚﻳردﺮﺑ 10 ﻪﺘـﺷادﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﻧا . ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآنﻮﻣزآ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ Zn و Pb ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧرد نﺎـﻨﻴﻤﻃاﺎﺑﺪﻫﺎﺷكﺎﺧوﻦﺠﻟ،كﺎﺧيﺎﻫ 95 ﺪـﺻرد ﻲﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧاياراد ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑيراد ) 05 / 0 < p .( ﺖﻈﻠﻏﺮﺑﺎﻣا Cd و Cu ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺒﻧراﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ) 05 / 0 > p .( جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا : ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ا ﻨﻳ درﻮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏﻪﻜ ﻢﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻣزﺎﺠﻣﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣزاﺮﺗ ﻲـﻌﻓدﻦـﺠﻟوبﺎﺴﭘزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻣزرد دﻮﺒﻤﻛﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑﺰﺒﺳيﺎﻀﻓويزروﺎﺸﻛيﺎﻫ ﺎﻋرﺎﺑﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣﻦﻳاردبآ ﺖﻳ زﻂﺑاﻮﺿ ﺖﺴﻳ ﺤﻣ ﻲﻄﻴ نﺎﻜﻣا ﺬﭘ ﺮﻳ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . يﺪﻴﻠﻛيﺎﻫهژاو : ﻦﺠﻟ ، ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻبﺎﺴﭘ ، ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻦﻴﮕﻨــﺳتاﺰـﻠﻓﻲﮔدﻮــﻟآﻲﻠـﺻاﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻲﻣﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣوزﺎﺳنﺎﺴﻧا ﺷﺎﺑ ﻨ ﺪ . ﻲـﺳﺎﺳازاﻲـﻜﻳ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﺎﺑطﺎﺒﺗراردﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ، نآنﺪﺷهﺰﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣمﺪﻋ ﺎﻫ ﺑرد ـ ﻲﻣنﺪ ﺷﺎﺑ ـ ﺪ . رد ﻗاو ـ ﻠﻓﻊ ـ ﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰ ـ زاﺲﭘﻦ دورو ﺖﻓﺎﺑردﻪﻜﻠﺑهﺪﺸﻧﻊﻓدنﺪﺑﻪﺑ ،تﻼـﻀﻋ،ﻲﺑﺮﭼﻞﺜﻣﻲﻳﺎﻫ ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا ﺐـﺟﻮﻣﺮﻣاﻦﻴﻤﻫﻪﻛهدﺮﻛبﻮﺳرﻞﺻﺎﻔﻣوﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑزوﺮﺑ ﻲﻣنﺪﺑرديدﺪﻌﺘﻣضراﻮﻋوﺎﻫ دﻮﺷ ) 1 ( . هوﻼﻋ ﻘﺗراوﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟنوﺰﻓازورﺪﺷﺮﻨﻳاﺮﺑ ـ ﺢﻄﺳيﺎ لﻮﺌﺴﻣﻒﻟﻮﻣ : هدازﺮﻔﻇﻲﻠﻋ -نﺎﮔﺮﮔ : ﻼﻛﺖﺼﺷهدﺎﺟياﺪﺘﺑا ، ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻓﻲﻟﺎﻋشزﻮﻣآﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ، ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد E-mail: alizafarzadeh@yahoo.com 1 . رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ، ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣهوﺮﮔ ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ، نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ، ناﺮﻳا 2 . ،رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣهوﺮﮔ ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ، نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻳا،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ، 3 . ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﺪﺷرا ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ مﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ، ناﺮﻳا،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 5 / 5 / 1393 تﺎﺣﻼﺻاﺖﻬﺟعﺎﺟراﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 23 / 10 / 1393 ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 15 / 11 / 1393
رﺎﻜﻤﻫوهدازﺮﻔﻇﻲﻠﻋ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرود مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ، 121 ، ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 1393 219 ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻠﻣاﻮــﻋيژﻮــﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗلﺎــﻘﺘﻧاوﻊﻳﺎﻨــﺻﻪﻌــﺳﻮﺗوﻲﮔﺪــﻧز ردبﻼــﺿﺎﻓﺪــﻴﻟﻮﺗوبآفﺮــﺼﻣﺶﻳاﺰــﻓاﻪــﻛﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫ وتﺎﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺖـﺳاهﺪـﺷﺚﻋﺎﺑارﺖﺴﻳزﻂﻴﺤﻣ هدﺮﻛدﺎﺠﻳاﻲﻠﻜﺸﻣنﺎﻨﭼهزوﺮﻣاو ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳﻪﻛﺪﻧا يراﺬﮔ هدﻮﻤﻧيرﺎﺒﺟاارﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻊﻓدوﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗﺖﻬﺟ ﺖﺳا ) 3،2 ( . ﺖـﺳردﺎﻧﻊـﻓدزاﻲـﺷﺎﻧﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣﺖﺴﻳزبﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧتاﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ حﺮﻃياﺮﺟاهزوﺮﻣاﻪﻛﺖﺳايﺪﺣردﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻبﻼﺿﺎﻓ يﺎﻫ كﺮﻬﺷويﺮﻬﺷﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣردبﻼﺿﺎﻓ يﺮـﻣاﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻيﺎـﻫ ﻲﻣﻲﻘﻠﺗيدﺎﻴﻨﺑويروﺮﺿ ددﺮـﮔ ) 4 ( . وكﺎـﺧﻲﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣرديزروﺎﺸﻛتﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣردﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻢﻬﻣزاﻲﻜﻳﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣﺖﺴﻳزﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣﻦﻳﺮﺗ ،نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻲﻣﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗارنﺎﺴﻧاوتﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺣ ﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧ ) 5 ( . ﻪـﺑورﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﻪﺑﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋﻲﮔدﻮﻟآﺮﺿﺎﺣلﺎﺣرد ونﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔردتاﺰﻠﻓﻦﻳاﻊﻤﺠﺗنآلﺎﺒﻧدﻪﺑوهدﻮﺑﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺐﻴـﺳآﺮـﺑهوﻼﻋتﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺣ ﻦـﻳاﺖﻣﻼـﺳﺮـﺑيﺪـﺟيﺎـﻫ فﺮﺼﻣتادﻮﺟﻮﻣ هدرواﺮﻓ نآيﺎﻫ ﺮﺑﺎﻫ يا فﺮﺼﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ نﺎﺴﻧاﻲﻨﻌﻳﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ار هﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﺖـﺳاهدﺮﻛﺰﻴﻣآ ) 6 ( . بﺬـﺟ نآدورووهﺎﻴﮔﻂﺳﻮﺗﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏهﺮﻴﺠﻧزﻪﺑﺎﻫ يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑﺚﻋﺎﺑﺖﺳاﻦﻜﻤﻣناﻮﻴﺣونﺎﺴﻧا يدﺪـﻌﺘﻣيﺎـﻫ نآرد دﻮـﺷﺎﻫ . لﺎـﺜﻣياﺮـﺑ ﻲـﻣ ناﻮـﺗ يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑزوﺮـﺑ يﺎـﻫ ارﺞﻧﺮـﺑهﺎـﻴﮔردمﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛدﺎﻳزفﺮﺼﻣزاﻲﺷﺎﻧيدﺪﻌﺘﻣ رﻮﺸﻛرد دﺮﺑمﺎﻧﻦﭘاژ ) 7 .( بﺮﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻤﺳهدﺎﻣ ﻲ ﻪـﻛﺖـﺳا ناﻮﺨﺘﺳارد ﻣﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻲ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ . ﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣردبﺮﺳ ﻢﺴﻴ ﺴﻠﻛ ﻢﻴ ﻪـﺑ ﻘﺘﺴﻣرﻮﻃ ﻢﻴ ﺮﻃزاو ﻖﻳ ﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣردلﻼﺘﺧا ﻢـﺴﻴ و ﻦﻴﻣﺎـﺘﻳ D اﺖﻤﺣاﺰﻣ دﺎﺠﻳ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ ) 8 ( . لﻼﺘﺧا يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ رﺎﺘﻓرو ي رد ماﺪﻧاﻪﺑﻪﻣﺪﺻ،نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ وﺐـﻠﻗوﻪﻴﻠﻛ،ﺪﺒﻛيﺎﻫ لﻼﺘـﺧا رد ﺖﺳابﺮﺳﻪﺑﻲﮔدﻮﻟآيﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘزاﻲﻨﻤﻳاﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ) 9 ( . راﺪــﻘﻣﻪــﺑمﻮﻴﻣدﺎــﻛ 2 / 0 ﻲــﻠﻴﻣ ردمﺮﮔﻮــﻠﻴﻛﺮــﺑمﺮــﮔ راﺪﻘﻣﻪﺑيورﺰﻴﻧوﻦﻴﻣزﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ 200 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛﺮﺑمﺮﮔ ﻲـﻣﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳتاﺰﻠﻓءﺰﺟتﺎﺑﻮﺳروكﺎﺧرد ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ ) 10 ( . ﺚﻋﺎﺑمﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ﺐﻴﺳآ يﺎﻫ ويﻮﻳرويﺪﺒﻛ ونﻮﺧرﺎـﺸﻓ زا ،ﻪﻴﻠﻛندﺎﺘﻓارﺎﻛ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻨﺟﺺﻘﻧ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺶﻬﺟوﻲﻳاز ﻲـﻳاز ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) 11 ( . ردمﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛﻦﻳاﺮﺑهوﻼﻋ تاﺰﻠﻓبوذﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺖﺧﻮﺳقاﺮﺘﺣا،ﻲﻨﻫآﺮﻴﻏ وﻲﻠﻴﺴﻓيﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﺑزنﺪﻧازﻮﺳ يﺎـﻫ ﻲﻣﺖﺴﻳزﻂﻴﺤﻣدراويﺮﻬﺷ دﻮﺷ ) 10 ( ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻردو ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻﻪﻠﻤﺟزا بآ،ﺎﻀﻓاﻮﻫ،تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا،ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ،يرﺎـﻛ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ،يزﺎـﺳ يﺮﻃﺎـﺑ ،يزﺎـﺳژﺎﻴﻟآ،يزﺎـﺳ ويزﺮـﮕﻧر ﺖﺧﺎﺳ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛآر ﻪﺘﺴﻫ دراددﺮﺑرﺎﻛيا ) 13،12 ( . ﺲﻧاژآ ﻦﻴﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ) IARC ( ناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑارمﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ، ﻚﻴﻧژﻮﻨﻴﺳرﺎﻛﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋﺰـﻠﻓﻦـﻳاوﺖﺳاهدﻮﻤﻧﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ردﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳرﺎﻧ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ) 14 ( . كﺎـﺧ ﻪـﺑﺎـﻫ هوﺮـﮔرﻮﻀﺣودﺎﻳزهﮋﻳوﺢﻄﺳﻞﻴﻟد ،ﻲﺤﻄـﺳﻞـﻣﺎﻋيﺎـﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓبﺬﺟرديﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ) 15 ( . رﻮـﻃﻪـﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺎﺑﻲﻠﻛ PH ، ،ﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﻲﻳﺎﻳﻮﭘﺶﻫﺎﻛﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ كﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺟ نﻮﻳبﺬ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻣدﺎﻳزيﺰﻠﻓ دﻮﺷ ) 16 (. نارﺎﻜﻤﻫونﺎﻴﺑاﺮﺗ ﻪـﻛ يورﺮـﺑ يرﺎـﻴﺑآتﺎﺠﻳﺰﺒـﺳ بﻼﺿﺎﻓﺎﺑهﺪﺷ ناﺮﻬﺗيﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ،ﺪﻧدادمﺎﺠﻧا زﺎـﺠﻣﺪﺣزاﺶﻴﺑكﺎﺧوتﺎﺠﻳﺰﺒﺳردارتاﺰﻠﻓﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺪﻧدادﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ) 17 ( . ﻢﻫ ردﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ Burchett و ﺪـﻧدادمﺎـﺠﻧاﻚﻳﮋﻠﺑرﻮﺸﻛردنارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ، ﺪـﻧدﻮﻤﻧمﻼـﻋا ﻪﻛ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ﻮ م رد تﺎﺠﻳﺰﺒﺳ و كﺎﺧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ترﻮـﺻ ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ) 18 ( . اﺮﺑ ي ﭘ يﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴ ﺑبﺬﺟزا ﺶﻴ ﻤـﺳتاﺰـﻠﻓﺪـﺣزا ﻲ ﮔﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺎﻴ ادوروو ﻦﻳ ﺠﻧزﻪﺑتاﺰﻠﻓ هﺮﻴ اﺬﻏ ﻲﻳ ونﺎـﺴﻧا ﺧﺮﺑ،ماد ﻲ ﻧاﻮﻗﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛزا ﻲﻨﻴ اﺮـﺑ ي ﻦـﺠﻟندﺮـﻛﻪﻓﺎـﺿا ﻣزﻪﺑبﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﻦﻴ ﺎﻫ ي زروﺎﺸﻛ ي هدﺮﻛﻊﺿو ﺪﻧا ) 2 ( . اﺮـﺑ ي ـﺤﻣﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣنﺎﻣزﺎﺳ،لﺎﺜﻣ ﻂﻴ ز ﺖـﺴﻳ ﺮﻣآ ﺎـﻜﻳ زﺎﺠﻣﺪـﺣ ﻣدﺎﻛ ،مﻮﻴ ،بﺮﺳ يور ﻪـﺑﻪﻛبﻼﺿﺎﻓﻦﺠﻟردارﺲﻣو ﻣزرددﻮﻛناﻮﻨﻋ ﻦﻴ ﺎﻫ ي زروﺎﺸﻛ ي ﻣفﺮﺼﻣ ﻲ ،دﻮـﺷ ﻪـﺑ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐــﻴ 85 ، 840 ، 750 ، 4300 ﻣ ﻲــﻠﻴ ﻛردمﺮــﮔ مﺮﮔﻮــﻠﻴ ﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﻴ ﺖـﺳاهدﺮﻛ ) 2 ( . ﺘﻌﻨـﺻكﺮﻬـﺷ ﻲ لﺎـﺣردﻼـﻗقآ ارادﺮﺿﺎﺣ ي 120 ﻞﻣﺎﺷلﺎﻌﻓﺪﺣاو : ﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ي ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣزرد ،يﺰـﻠﻓ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏيﺎﻫ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷ ﻮﻠـﺳ ،يﺰﻟ قﺮـﺑ و ،ﻚــﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻲﻧﺎــﻛ يﺎــﻫ ﺮــﻴﻏ يﺰــﻠﻓ رد ﻪــﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺪــﻴﻟﻮﺗ و هﺮﻬﺑ يرادﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ ﻪـﻛ بﻼـﺿﺎﻓ نآ ﺎـﻫ درﻮـﻣ ﻪﻴﻔـﺼﺗ ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ راﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ دﺮﻴﮔ . ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛﻦـﻳا نﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻈﻧزاﻼﻗقآ ﻦﻴ زروﺎﺸﻛبآ ي ﻀﻣرد ﻪﻐﻴ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ و زا ﻓﺮﻃ ﻲ ﻞﻴﻟدﻪﺑ ﻪﻛﻦﻳا بآ يﺎﻫ ز ﺮﻳ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ا ﻦﻳ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ
اراد ي ﺖﻳاﺪﻫ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا (EC) ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻻﺎﺑ ياﺮـﺑ ﺑآ يرﺎـﻴ وهدﻮﺒﻧﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻜﻫز و ﻊﻓد ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ . اﺬـﻟ رد ﻦﻴـﻤﻫ ﺎﺘﺳار ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا بﺎﺴﭘ و ﻦـﺠﻟ ﻲـﻌﻓد رد ﻦﻴﻣز يﺎﻫ ،يزروﺎﺸﻛ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ فﺪﻫﺎﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮـﺛا ﻌﻓدﻦﺠﻟ ﻲ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻكﺮﻬﺷبﻼﺿﺎﻓﻪﻧﺎﺧﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗبﺎﺴﭘو ﺮﺑﻼﻗقآ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ ) ور،بﺮـﺳ ،ي ﻣدﺎـﻛ ﻮﻴ وم ﺲـﻣ ( كﺎــﺧ ﺎﻘﻣو ﻪــﺴﻳ رﻮــﺸﻛدﻮــﺟﻮﻣدراﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳاﺎـﺑنآ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا .
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شور
ﺎﻫ
عﻮﻧزاﺮﺿﺎﺣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ -ﻲـﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖـﺳاهدﻮـﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖـﻬﺟ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿو ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ تاﺰـﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳ رد ،بﺎـﺴﭘﺎـﺑهﺪـﺷيرﺎـﻴﺑآكﺎـﺧ ﻲـﻌﻓدﻦـﺠﻟ و بﺎـﺴﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗﻲﺟوﺮﺧ ﻼـﻗقآﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻكﺮﻬﺷبﻼﺿﺎﻓ -داﺪﻌﺗنﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ 72 تﺪـﻣﻲـﻃردﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ 7 هﺎـﻣ رد ﻪﻠـﺻﺎﻓ ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا ﺎﺗ نﺎﺑآ لﺎﺳ 90 ﻊﻤﺟ يروآ و رد هﺎﮕـﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ﺪﺷ . ﻞــﺤﻣزاكﺎــﺧﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧﺖــﺷادﺮﺑ ــﺑﻲﺑﺎــﺨﺘﻧايﺎــﻫ ﻪ ﻖﻤﻋزاﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗترﻮﺻ 0 ﺎﺗ 20 ﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻲ ﺮـﺘﻣ درﻮـﻣﻦﻴـﻣز ﺑﺮﻈﻧ ﻪ دوﺪـﺣنزوﻪـﺑﻲـﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗترﻮﺻ 2 ﺎـﺗ 3 مﺮﮔﻮـﻠﻴﻛ ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧا ﻢـﻫو ردسﺮـﭘﺮـﺘﻠﻴﻓﻞـﺤﻣزاﺰـﻴﻧﻦـﺠﻟﻦﻴـﻨﭼ ﻪــﺴﻴﻛ ﻊــﻤﺟصﻮــﺼﺨﻣﻲﻜﻴﺘــﺳﻼﭘيﺎــﻫ ﻪــﺑويروآ ﺪﺷﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣهﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎـﻫ ي كﺎـﺧ ﺪﻫﺎـﺷ زا ـﻣز ﻴ ﻦ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﺮ روﺎﺠﻣ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪـﻛ نﻮﻨﻛﺎـﺗ زروﺎـﺸﻛ ي و ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي هﺪﺸﻧ ،ﺖﺳا زا ﻖـﻤﻋ 10 ﺎـﺗ 20 ﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻲ ﺮـﺘﻣ ي ـﻣز ﻴ ﻦ ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ . ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚـﺸﺧزاﺲـﭘﻦـﺠﻟوكﺎـﺧيﺎـﻫ رﻮـﻓرددازآياﻮﻫردنﺪﺷ ) memmert ( يﺎـﻣدﺎـﺑ 100 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد ﺎـﺑوﺪﺷهدادراﺮﻗﺖﻋﺎﺳﻚﻳتﺪﻣﻪﺑداﺮﮔ ﺪﺣردبﺎﻴﺳآ 200 بﺎﻴﺳآﺶﻣ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ . ،ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﻦﻳازاﺲﭘ راﺪﻘﻣ 1 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧزامﺮﮔ ﻚـﻳﺮﺘﻴﻧﺪﻴـﺳاﺎﺑﻦﺠﻟوكﺎﺧيﺎﻫ 65 ﺪﺻرد كﺮﻣ دوﺪﺣيﺎﻣدرد 100 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳﻪﺟرد داﺮـﮔ ندوﺰﻓاﺎﺑوﻢﻀﻫ ﺪﻨﭼ ﮓـﻧﺮﻴﺑ،نژورﺪـﻴﻫﺪﻴﺴﻛاﺮﭘهﺮﻄﻗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧندﻮﻤﻧفﺎﺻزاﺲﭘ ﻦـﻤﺗاوﺮـﺘﻠﻴﻓﻂـﺳﻮﺗﺎﻫ هرﺎﻤﺷ 41 نآنﺪﻧﺎﺳرﻢﺠﺣﻪﺑو ﺮـﻄﻘﻣبآﺎﺑﺎﻫ ، رﺎـﺑود ﺮﻴﻄﻘﺗ و ﺪﻧﺪـﺷﺰﻴﻟﺎـﻧآوﺖﺋاﺮﻗهدﺎﻣآ ) 20،19 ( . ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎـﻫ ﻧتﺪـﻣلﻮﻃردﺰﻴﻧبﺎﺴﭘ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤ ﻲـﻠﭘفوﺮـﻇرديرادﺮـﺑ ﻊﻤﺟصﻮﺼﺨﻣﻲﻨﻠﻴﺗا راﺮـﻗﺰﻴﻟﺎـﻧآدرﻮـﻣوﻢﻀﻫ،يروآ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﻊﻤﺟﻞﺣاﺮﻣﻪﻴﻠﻛ هدﺎـﻣآ،يروآ وﻢـﻀﻫ،يزﺎـﺳ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ شورﻖـﺒﻃﺎـﻫ وبآﺰﻴﻟﺎـﻧآدراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳايﺎـﻫ بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ) 19 ( لﺪـﻣفاﺮـﮔورﻼﭘهﺎﮕﺘـﺳدﻞﻤﻌﻟارﻮﺘـﺳدو 797 ﻮـﺳموﺮﺘﻣ ﺋ ﺪـﺷمﺎـﺠﻧايﺮﺘﻣﺎـﺘﻟوشورﻪـﺑﺲﻴ . ﺮـﺳ هدادمﺎﺠﻧا مﺮـﻧزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎـﺑﺎﻫ راﺰـﻓا SPSS هرﺎﻤـﺷ 18 و نﻮﻣزآ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺎـﺑﻪـﻓﺮﻃﻚـﻳ ﺢﻄـﺳ نﺎـﻨﻴﻤﻃا 95 ﺪﺻرد و Tukey ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗدرﻮﻣ .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ هﺪﺷﺖﺷادﺮﺑ زا ﻌﻓدﻦﺠﻟ ﻲ ﻔـﺼﺗ ﻴ ﻪ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ كﺮﻬﺷ ﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲ قآ ﻣراﺪـﻘﻣﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﻼﻗ ـﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ Cd ، Cu ، Pb و Zn ﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ ﻴ ﺐ ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ 53 / 0 ، 9 / 15 ، 44 / 1 و 7 / 692 ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ هدﻮـﺑﻦـﺠﻟﻚـﺸﺧنزومﺮﮔﻮـﻠﻴﻛﺮـﺑمﺮـﮔ ﺖﺳا ) لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 رادﻮﻤﻧو هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 .( ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ Cd ، Cu ، Pb و Zn ﻣﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻴﻠ ﻲ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻛ ﻴ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ﻚﺸﺧنزو ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪــﺑبﺎــﺴﭘﻪــﻴﻠﺨﺗﻞــﺤﻣكﺎــﺧردﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ 26 / 0 ، 4 / 16 ، 8 / 11 و 97 / 199 ﺪﺷﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﻳدﺎـﻘﻣزاﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑﻪـﻛ نآ ﺪﻫﺎـﺷكﺎـﺧردﺎﻫ ) ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪـﺑ 14 / 0 ، 1 / 10 ، 09 / 0 و 3 / 43 ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻛ ﻴ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻚﺸﺧنزو ( ﻪـﺑيوروبﺮـﺳدرﻮـﻣردﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﻦـﻳاﻪـﻛﺖـﺳاهدﻮﺑ زاﺶﻴﺑﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 130 و 4 ﻢـﻛﺲﻣومﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛوﺮﺑاﺮﺑ زاﺮـﺗ 2 هرودﻚــﻳردﺪﻫﺎــﺷكﺎــﺧﻪــﺑﺖﺒــﺴﻧﺮــﺑاﺮﺑ 10 ﻪﻟﺎــﺳ ﻪﺘﺷادﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺪﻧا ) هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 1 (. لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 : يرﺎـﻴﺑآكﺎـﺧ،ﻦﺠﻟردﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻣﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑﺪﻫﺎﺷكﺎﺧ،بﺎﺴﭘﺎﺑهﺪﺷ ﻴﻠ ﻲ ﻛﺮﺑمﺮﮔ ﻴ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ﻚﺸﺧنزو Cu فاﺮﺤﻧا رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ -ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ Pb فاﺮﺤﻧا رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ -ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ Cd فاﺮﺤﻧا رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ -ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ Zn فاﺮﺤﻧا رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ± ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ -ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ ناﻮﻨﻋ 17.7 ± 15.9 1.44±1.49 0.53±0.22 693±517 ﻦﺠﻟ 2.3 -66.3 5.1 -0.17 0.85 -0.12 2016 -220 5.7 ± 16.4 11.8±4.7 0.26±0.27 192±92.4 كﺎﺧ 8.9 -29.1 18.9 -4 1.1 -0.01 341.8 -72.7 4.45 ± 10 8.8±2.4 0.14±0.1 84.6±38 ﺪﻫﺎﺷكﺎﺧ 4.6 -14.7 11.9 -6.2 0.29 -0.07 131.5 -45.8رﺎﻜﻤﻫوهدازﺮﻔﻇﻲﻠﻋ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرود مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ، 121 ، ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 1393 221 ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ هرﺎﻤﺷلوﺪﺟ 2 دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا EPA دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳاوﻦﻴﭼ، ﺖﻈﻠﻏصﻮﺼﺧردارناﺮﻳاﻲﻠﻣ ،ﻦﺠﻟردﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓ ﺪﻫدﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧﻲﺤﻄﺳيﺎﻬﺑآوكﺎﺧ . لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 2 : دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓ ﻴ ﻦ رد ،ﻦﺠﻟ كﺎﺧ ، بآ ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ و زروﺎﺸﻛ ي ﻣﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻴﻠ ﻲ مﺮﮔ ﻛﺮﺑ ﻴ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ﻚﺸﺧنزو ناﻮﻨﻋ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻦﺠﻟ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻠﻣ ﻲ اﻳ ناﺮ ) 30 ( EPA ) 21 ( ﭼ ﻴ ﻦ ) 26 ( كﺎﺧ ) 29 ( ﻠﺨﺗ ﻴ ﻪ ﻪﺑ بآ ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ فرﺎﺼﻣ زروﺎﺸﻛ ي و ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي Cd 39 20 0.1 < 1 / 0 05 / 0 Cu 1500 500 5.6 -5 1 2 / 0 Pb 300 13.4 -2 1 1 Zn 2800 1000 780 -60 2 2 ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 3 ﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏراﺪﻘﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑﻲﺟوﺮﺧبﺎﺴﭘويدوروبﻼﺿﺎﻓرد ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺑﻴ ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ Zn ، Cu ، Pb و Cd ﻣﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ دﺮ . لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 3 : ،يدوروبﻼﺿﺎﻓردﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑﻲﺟوﺮﺧبﺎﺴﭘ ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ مﺮﮔ رد ﻟﻴ ﺮﺘ ناﻮﻨﻋ دوروبﻼﺿﺎﻓ ي ﺟوﺮﺧبﺎﺴﭘ ﻲ Cd 003 / 0 001 / 0 Cu 7 / 0 6 / 0 Pb 15 / 0 11 / 0 Zn 4 / 2 03 / 1
رادﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﻤــﺷ 1 : يﺎــﻫﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧردﻦﻴﮕﻨــﺳتاﺰــﻠﻓﺖــﻈﻠﻏﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ ﺪﻫﺎﺷكﺎﺧوبﺎﺴﭘﺎﺑهﺪﺷيرﺎﻴﺑآكﺎﺧ،ﻦﺠﻟ،بﺎﺴﭘ،بﻼﺿﺎﻓ
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ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ هداد يﺎﻫ لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 1 رادﻮﻤﻧو هرﺎﻤـﺷ 1 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻦﺠﻟ ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ كﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ قآ ﻼﻗ ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ زا ﺮﻳدﺎـﻘﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ﻊـﺿو هﺪﺷ EPA ) ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ زﺎﺠﻣ ( هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا ) 21 ( و اﺬﻟ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ا ﻪﻛﻦﻳ ﻌﻓدﻦﺠﻟوبﺎﺴﭘزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺮﺛاﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺎـﻀﻓرد ي ﻣزوﺰﺒﺳ ﻦﻴ يﺎﻫ زروﺎﺸﻛ ي ﻔﺼﺗفاﺮﻃا ﻪﻴ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ،ﻪـﻧﺎﺧ ﮕﻨـﺳتاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴ اﺰـﻓا ﺶﻳ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺪـﺣﻪـﺑزﻮـﻨﻫﺎـﻣاﺖـﺳا ي ﺳﺮﻧ هﺪﻴ ورﺮﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳا ي زروﺎﺸﻛتﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ي ﺪﺷﺎﺑراﺬﮔﺮﺛا . اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﻦﻳ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ بﺎﺴﭘ و ﻦﺠﻟ ياﺮﺑ ﻣز ﻦﻴ يﺎﻫ زروﺎﺸﻛ ي ا ﻦﻳ اﺮـﺷﺖﺤﺗوﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﻳ هﺪـﺷلﺮـﺘﻨﻛ و رد ﻗﺮﺗترﻮﺻ ﻖﻴ ﺎﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﻳ ،بآﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ياﺮﺑ هرود ﺎﻫ ي ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﮔو نﺎﻫﺎﻴ ﺖـﺳاﻦﻜﻤﻣﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ياﺮـﺑ ﺐـﻟﺎﻏ فرﺎـﺼﻣ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ،يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﮋﻳوﻪﺑ يﺎﻀﻓ ،ﺰﺒﺳ ﻞـﮕﻨﺟ ﺎـﻫ و ﻊـﺗاﺮﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ لﻮﺒﻗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . راﺪﻘﻣ يور رد ﻦﺠﻟ ﻲﻌﻓد ﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ بﺮﺳ و ،مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ زا ﺪـﺣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ﺮﺗ هدﻮﺑ و ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺳر ﻲﺘﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ رد صﻮـﺼﺧ ﻪـﻴﻠﺨﺗ ﻦﺠﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻣز يﺎﻫ يزروﺎﺸﻛ رد هرود ﺎﻫ ي تﺪﻣهﺎﺗﻮﻛ زا ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺳ ﺰﻠﻓ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ هﺪﺷ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يا ﻪﻛ يﺮﻈﻧ و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ) 22 ( و Wolejko و نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ) 23 ( ﺮــﺑ يور تاﺮــﺛا ﻦــﺠﻟ رد ﻊــﻤﺠﺗ تاﺰــﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ رد كﺎﺧ و نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﺪﻧداد ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﻳا ﺮـﻣا ار ﻻﺎﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻲـﻟآ رد ،بﺎـﺴﭘ ﻦـﺠﻟ و ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ pH كﺎﺧ ﺮﻛذ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ . هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا pH ،كﺎـﺧ ﺖﻴﻟﻼﺣ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ رد كﺎﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ و ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰــﻓا ﺖــﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ بﺬــﺟ نآ ﺎــﻫ رد كﺎــﺧ وهﺪــﺷ ًﺎــﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺲﻜﻠﭙﻤﻛ ﺎـﺑ داﻮـﻣ ﻲـﻟآ ،لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﻊـﻤﺠﺗ نآ ﺎﻫ رد ﻪﻳﻻ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓ كﺎﺧ ﻲـﻣ دﻮـﺷ ) 23 ، 24 ( . ﺎـﻣا رد ﻦﻳا ،طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ود ﺐﻠﻄﻣ يروﺮﺿ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ : لوا ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ يﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺘﺷاد و ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻦﻳا رد راﺪــﻘﻣ و تﺎــﻌﻓد دﺮﺑرﺎــﻛ ﻦــﻳا ﻦــﺠﻟ رد ﻚــﻳ كﺎــﺧ ،ﺺﺨﺸﻣ رد ﺮﻫ ،ﺖﺑﻮﻧ رد لﻮﻃ لﺎﺳ و رد ﻲﻃ لﺎـﺳ يﺎـﻫ ،ﻲﻟاﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﺖـﻗد ﺶﻴـﺑ يﺮـﺗ ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﻳآ و راﺪـﻘﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻦﺠﻟ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻚﻳ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻢـﻬﻣ رد ،ﻲـﺣاﺮﻃ و ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﺎـﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ زا ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ تﺎـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ،كﺎـﺧ ًﺎﻤﺘﺣ رد ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ دﻮﺷ ) 25 ، 26 ( . ﻪﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺮـﮕﻳد كﻼـﻣ ،توﺎﻀﻗ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ يور ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ تاﺰـﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳ رد كﺎــﺧ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﺎــﺗ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ نآ ﺎــﻫ رد ﻦــﺠﻟ . ﺐــﻠﻄﻣ مود رد يﺎﺘـــﺳار تﺎـــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ مﺎـــﺠﻧا هﺪـــﺷ رد درﻮـــﻣ ﻊـــﺿو يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا EPA ياﺮﺑ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﻪـﺑ دراﻮﻣ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ توﺎﻔﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻤﻴـﺷ كﺎـﺧ و ،ﻦـﺠﻟ تاﺮﺛا داﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣ و ﻲﻟآ ﺮﺑ يور ﺮﻴﻏ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻪﮕﻧ ﻦﺘـﺷاد تاﺰﻠﻓ ،ﻲﻤﺳ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ضﺮﻓ ندﺮﻛ تاﺮﺛا ﻲﺘﻇﺎـﻔﺣ ﻦـﺠﻟ ﺎـﺑ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ،نﺎـﻣز ﻢـﻛ ندﻮـﺑ ﺮﻳدﺎـﻘﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻴـﺴﻛا ﺰـﻨﮕﻨﻣ رد ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺎﻫكﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ تاﺮـﺛا ﻲﻤـﺳ و ... ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ راﺮﻗ ﻲـﻣ دﺮـﻴﮔ ) 25 ، 27 ( . ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ تاﺮـﺛا ﻲﻧﻻﻮــﻃ تﺪــﻣ دﺮﺑرﺎــﻛ ﻦــﺠﻟ يوﺎــﺣ تاﺰــﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨــﺳ رد يراﺬﮔرﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ EPA زﻮـﻨﻫ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﺳا و تاﺮﺛا ﻲﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ مزﻻ ار دراﺪﻧ و ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻪـﻛ ﻦـﻳا رد دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ نآ ﺎﻫ رد كﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ يزروﺎﺸﻛ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ طﺎﻴﺘﺣا دﻮـﺷ ﺎﺗ زا ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ بآ يﺎﻫ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ و ،ﻲﻨﻴﻣزﺮﻳز كﺎـﺧ ﺎـﻫ و نﺎــﻫﺎﻴﮔ و راﺮــﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮــﮔ رد هﺮــﻴﺠﻧز ﻲﻳاﺬــﻏ و رد ﻪــﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ تﺎﻧاﻮﻴﺣ و نﺎﺴﻧا ﺎـﻫ بﺎـﻨﺘﺟا ددﺮـﮔ ) 28 ، 29 ( . ﺎـﻣا فﺮﺼﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻦﺠﻟ ﺎﻫ ياﺮـﺑ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ يﺎـﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﺶﻴـﭘ ﻪـﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﺠﻟ ﻊﻧﺎﻣﻼﺑ ﺖﺳا . ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻚﻳ ﻪــﻓﺮﻃ و Tukey ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ Zn و Pb رد ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎــﻫ كﺎﺧ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ،بﺎﺴﭘ ﻦﺠﻟ ﻲﻌﻓد و كﺎﺧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺎـﺑ نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا 95 ﺪﺻرد ياراد فﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد هدﻮـﺑ ﺖـﺳا
رﺎﻜﻤﻫوهدازﺮﻔﻇﻲﻠﻋ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧادﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرود مرﺎﻬﭼوﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرﺎﻤﺷ، 121 ، ﻦﻤﻬﺑ 1393 223 ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ) 05 / 0 < p ( . ﻪﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ،ﺮﮕﻳد يرﺎﻴﺑآ كﺎـﺧ ﺎـﺑ بﺎـﺴﭘ و ﻦــﺠﻟ ﻲــﻌﻓد ﺮــﺑ يور ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ Zn و Pb زا ﺮــﻈﻧ يرﺎــﻣآ راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا و ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦـﻳا ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ رد كﺎﺧ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ بﺎـﺴﭘ هﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺳا ﺎـﻣا ﺮـﺑ يور ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ Cd و Cu رد كﺎــﺧ يرﺎــﻴﺑآ هﺪــﺷ ﺎــﺑ بﺎــﺴﭘ و طﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﺠﻟ ﺎﺑ كﺎﺧ يزروﺎﺸﻛ ﺮﻈﻧزا يرﺎـﻣآ راﺬـﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ هدﻮﺒﻧ ﺖﺳا ) 05 / 0 > p (. ﻪـﺑ ترﺎـﺒﻋ ﺮـﮕﻳد يرﺎـﻴﺑآ كﺎـﺧ يزروﺎﺸﻛ ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ راد ﻦﻳا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ هﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﺳا . هدادﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي لوﺪﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ 3 ﻲﻣ دﻮﻤﻧرﺎﻬﻇاناﻮﺗ ﺖﻈﻠﻏﻪﻛ Zn ، Cd و Pb بﺎﺴﭘرد ﺟوﺮﺧ ﻲ ًﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ رد ﺎﻓﺮـﺻوﺖـﺳاهدﻮـﺑدراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳاةدوﺪـﺤﻣ ً ﺖﻈﻠﻏ Cu بﺎﺴﭘرد ﺟوﺮﺧ ﻲ زروﺎـﺸﻛفرﺎﺼﻣﺖﻬﺟ ي ﺑآو ــﻴ رﺎ ي ، ــﺑ ﻴ ﺶ ــﻠﻣدراﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳاﺪــﺣزا ﻲ رﻮــﺸﻛ ) 6 / 0 ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ مﺮﮔ رد ﻟﻴ ﺮﺘ ( ﻠﺨﺗﺖـﻬﺟنآﺖـﻈﻠﻏﺎـﻣاهدﻮـﺑ ـﻴ ﻪ ﻪـﺑ بآ ﺎــﻫ ي ﺤﻄــﺳ ﻲ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ــﻣ ﻲ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ) 1 ﻣﻴ ــﻠ ﻲ مﺮــﮔ رد ﻟﻴ ﺮﺘ ( ) 30 ، 31 ( . ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺢﻄﺳ تاﺰـﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳ كﺎـﺧ رد ﺮـﺛا دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ،بﻼﺿﺎﻓ pH ، ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ لدﺎﺒﺗ ،ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺗﺎـﻛ داﻮـﻣ ،ﻲـﻟآ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﻮﭘ و كﺮﺤﺗ ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻲﻧﺪـﻌﻣ كﺎـﺧ ار ًاﺪﻳﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺤﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ راﺮﻗ ﻲـﻣ ﺪـﻫد ) 32 ( . ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ ﺎـﺑ بﻼـﺿﺎﻓ يور ﻊﻤﺠﺗ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ ،كﺎﺧ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ يدﺪـﻌﺘﻣ نﻮﭼ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳ دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ رد ،بﻼـﺿﺎﻓ لﻮـﻃ تﺪﻣ ،يرﺎﻴﺑآ pH ، ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ لدﺎﺒﺗ ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺗﺎﻛ كﺎﺧ دراد ) 5 .( رد ﻊﻗاو 5 ﺎﺗ 10 لﺎﺳ ﺖﻗو مزﻻ ﺖـﺳا ﺎـﺗ ﺢﻄـﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ كﺎﺧ يرﺎﻴﺑآ هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﻪـﺑ ﺶﻴـﺑ زا ﺪﺣ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺳﺮﺑ ) 33 ( . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ Rattan و نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺎـﺑ بﻼـﺿﺎﻓ ﻪـﺑ تﺪـﻣ 5 لﺎـﺳ ﻂـﻘﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻫآ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ رد ،كﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 10 لﺎـﺳ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ ،يور ،ﻦﻫآ ﻞﻜﻴﻧ و بﺮـﺳ و ﻪـﺑ تﺪـﻣ 20 لﺎﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ ،ﻦﻫآ ،يور ،ﺲﻣ ،ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ﻞـﻜﻴﻧ و بﺮﺳ كﺎﺧ ار ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد ) 34 ( . ﻦـــﻳا ﺞﻳﺎـــﺘﻧ ﺎـــﺑ تﺎـــﺷراﺰﮔ Streck و نارﺎـــﻜﻤﻫ و Mc Bride ﺖـﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣنارﺎـﻜﻤﻫو دراد ) 35 ، 36 ( . ﻢـﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ Keller و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ شراﺰﮔ ﻪﻛﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ندوﺰﻓا ﻦﺠﻟ ﻪﺑ ،كﺎﺧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ ،مﻮﻴﻣدﺎـﻛ ،بﺮـﺳ يور و ﺲﻣ رد كﺎﺧ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ) 37 ( . رد ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يا ﻪــﻛ نﺎﻴﻧﺎﺒــﺷ ﻲــﻨﺟوﺮﺑ و نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ﺮــﺑ يور ﺮﺛا بﺎـﺴﭘ و ﻦـﺠﻟ بﻼـﺿﺎﻓ ﻪـﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ ﻲـﻠﭘ ﻞـﻳﺮﻛا ناﺮﻳا ﺮﺑ يور ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ رد ،ﻦـﻤﭼ نﻮـﻤﻴﻣ و ﻞـﻔﻧﺮﻗ مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﺪـﻧداد داﺪـﻌﺗوعﺎـﻔﺗرا،ﺪـﺷرﻪـﻛﺪـﻧدﻮﻤﻧمﻼـﻋا ذآﻞﮔردﻪﭽﻠﮔ ﻦﻳ ﻣ نﻮـﻤﻴ اﺰـﻓا ﺶﻳ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖـﺳا . هوﻼـﻋ اﺮﺑ ،ﻦﻳ اﺰـﻓاﺚـﻋﺎﺑبﻼﺿﺎﻓﻦﺠﻟ ﺶﻳ ﻣ ناﺰـﻴ ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻞـﻴ رد ﮔ نﺎــﻫﺎﻴ ﺖــﺳاهﺪــﺷ ) 38 ( . ﻢــﻫ ــﻨﭼ ﻦﻴ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد ا ي ﻪــﻛ Behbahaninia نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫو رد صﻮــﺼﺧ ﺮﻴﺛﺎــﺗ ﻦــﺠﻟ بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﺮﺑ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ رد كﺎﺧ و بآ ﻫ يﺎ ﻲﻨﻴﻣزﺮﻳز مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﺪﻧداد ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﺳد ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ مﻼﻋاو ﺪـﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻦﺠﻟ و بﺎﺴﭘ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ تﻼـﻏ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ ﺎﻣا بآ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﻣزﺮﻳز ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ درﻮـﻣ ﺶﻳﺎـﭘ راﺮـﻗ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ) 39 ( . ﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳتاﺰـﻠﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد Cd ، Pb ، Cu و Zn كﺮﻬﺷبﻼﺿﺎﻓﻪﻧﺎﺧﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗﻲﺟوﺮﺧبﺎﺴﭘرد ﻢﻛﻼﻗقآﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺪﺣزاﺮﺗ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا EPA وﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا اﺮﺑنآدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ي زروﺎﺸﻛفرﺎﺼﻣ ي ﺎﻀﻓو ي ﺰﺒﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻛﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﻴﻔﻴ كﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻋر ﺖﻳ زﻂﺑاﻮﺿ ﺖـﺴﻳ ﺤﻣ ﻲـﻄﻴ ﺑآتﺎﻌﻓدو يرﺎﻴ ياﺮﺑ هرود ا ي ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . بﺎﺴﭘردﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻢﻛﻲﺟوﺮﺧ ﺖﻈﻠﻏزاﺮﺗ نآﻪﻤﻫﺖﻈﻠﻏوﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑيدوروبﻼﺿﺎﻓردنﺎﻧآ ﺎـﻫ ﺰﺟﻪﺑ Cu ﻢﻛ زاﺮﺗ ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑرﻮﺸﻛﻲﺟوﺮﺧدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا . ﻲﻣنﺎﻳﺎﭘرد ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧناﻮﺗ دﺮﻛيﺮﻴﮔ زاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎـﺑﻪـﻛ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳ ﺤﺻ ﺢﻴ ﺒﻄﺗ ﻖﻴ ﺻﻮﺼﺧ تﺎﻴ ﻓ ﻲﻜﻳﺰﻴ -ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻲﺟوﺮﺧ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ﻲـﻠﻣ و ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲـﻠﻠﻤﻟا و رد ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو يﺎﻫ ،بآ ،كﺎـﺧ هﺎـﻴﮔ و ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻞﺤﻣ ، ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺑآناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ يرﺎﻴ ﻣز ﻦﻴ يﺎﻫ زروﺎﺸﻛ ي و ﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ي وﺰﺒﺳ ﺖﺤﺗ اﺮﺷ ﻂﻳ ترﻮـﺻردوهﺪـﺷلﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﺎﻨﺻنﺪﺷﻪﻓﺎﺿامﺪﻋ ﻲﻌﻳ اراد ي بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﺎـﻫ ي ﻪـﺑهدﻮـﻟآ ﮕﻨﺳتاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴ ﻌﻓدﻦﺠﻟزا ﻲ ﻧ ﺰﻴ ـﻣ ﻲ اﺮـﺷﺖـﺤﺗناﻮـﺗ ﻂﻳ اﺮﺑوصﺎﺧ ي ﮔ نﺎـﻫﺎﻴ ةﺪـﻨﻫددﻮـﺒﻬﺑناﻮـﻨﻋﻪـﺑﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ﺪﺷدﻮﺒﻤﻛﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ،كﺎﺧ ﺪﻳ داﻮﻣﺮﻘﻓونﺎﺘﺳاردبآ ﺬﻐﻣ ي هﺮﻬﺑدرﻮﻣ،كﺎﺧرد رادﺮﺑ ي راﺮﻗ داد .
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
ﻲـﺸﻫوﮋﭘحﺮﻃﻦﻳا ﻪـﺑ هرﺎﻤـﺷ 1515 ويرﺎـﻜﻤﻫﺎـﺑ مﻮـﻠﻋهﺎﮕـﺸﻧاديروﺎﻨﻓوتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣﻲﻟﺎﻣﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ
ﻦﻳﺪـﺑﻪﻛﺪﻴﺳرمﺎﺠﻧاﻪﺑنﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ وﺮﻜـﺸﺗﻪﻠﻴـﺳو ﻲﻣﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ ددﺮﮔ .
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