AN OVERVIEW ON PHASED
ARRAY TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
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Company Introduction
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Brief Overview – PA Method/Technology.
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Why should you embrace this innovation?
Oceaneering’s number one
ethic is the safety, health and
well being of it’s employees,
contractors, customers and
the public.Safety will never
be compromised.
United Kingdom
Middle East
Asia
Batam, Singapore
Kuala Lumpur, Perth
Africa
Americas
Dubai
OCEANEERING - GLOBAL
OCEANEERING - GLOBAL
UNBROKEN CONTINUOUS STERLING SERVICE TO
PTMI SINCE 1993
SERVICE RANGE
SERVICE RANGE
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ADVANCED AND CONVENTIONAL NDT
- Phased Array – TOFD - AUT
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INDEPENDENT TRAINING SCHOOL
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VENDOR & PROCUREMENT INSPECTION
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MATERIALS ENGINEERING & TESTING
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ROPE ACCESS
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OFFSHORE & ONSHORE PIPELINES
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Automated Phased Array Ultrasonic Systems
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Experienced in offshore and onshore, Sub-sea and difficult terrain
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Aberdeen, Indonesia and Abu Dhabi support facilities
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Large pool of permanent inspection personnel
PORTABLE and or SEMI AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC & TOFD INSPECTION
USING HAND HELD SCANNERS & PHASED ARRAY PROBES
WHY IS IT DIFFERENT FOM CONVENTIONAL UT –Encoding & recording
capability.
Another way to do UT No magic, only physics!
ADVANTAGES - PA facilitates speedier inspections, interpretation aids and
smaller scanning devices thus increasing the application.
PORTABLE PHASED ARRAY
PORTABLE PHASED ARRAY
35 40 45 55 65
Delays
SOUND PROPAGATION
SOUND PROPAGATION
Multiple Crystals
Allows for larger inspection area and
increased probability of detection
Beam Steering
Allows for optimal detection / sizing for
traditional and complex geometries.
Full Coverage / Focusing
Phased
Array
Image
X-Ray
Image
Porosity
Radiography Phased Array technique
Inclusion
Radiography Phased Array technique
Incomplete Root Penetration
TOFD technique
Radiography Phased Array technique
KEY OBJECTIVE
The integration of RT activities with the production needs would require careful planning and
the use of new technologies to ensure minimal disruption at an affordable price. The NDT
Scope especially RT needs to be completed in a manner that minimizes downtime of other
trades and completed in a timely manner to ensure that crucial production and welder
control information are relevant and that the production process in respect of hydro-test,
painting, site erection and commissioning are not impeded. In this instance we have the
added concerns of the proximity of existing plants and the potential impact on the nucleonic
alarms
CHOICE OF TECHNIQUE
RT – Conventional
RT – SCAR
PA/TOFD
PRODUCTIVITY-COST EFFICIENCY
INTEGRATION-SAFETY
INSPECTION TECHNIQUE COMPARISON
INSPECTION TECHNIQUE COMPARISON
Method Pipe Crew Size Scan / shot time Set-up time Welds per hourPRODUCTIVITY Interruption Production HazardsSafety InspectionRecord of Auditable Results
RT
2” Sch 40 2 man 5 min. 5 minutes per/weld 6 to 10 100% 100% YES YES
12” Sch 80 2 man 30 min 5 minutes per/weld 2 100% 100% YES YES
24”
Standard 2 man 60 min 5 minutes per/weld 1.5 100% 100% YES YES
Manual
UT
2” Sch 40 1 man 10 min. 5 minute per/weld NA 0% 0% NO NO
12” Sch 80 1 man 30 min 5 minute per/weld 2 0% 0% NO NO
24”
Standard 1 man 60 min 5 minute per/weld 1.5 0% 0% NO NO
PA
AUT
2” Sch 40 2 man 30 sec 3 minute per/weld 10 to 20 0% 0% YES YES
12” Sch 80 2 man 1 min 3 minute per/weld 10 to 12 0% 0% YES YES
24”
Standard 2 man 3 min
3 minute
per/weld 10 to 12 0% 0% YES YES
Amounts are based on averages, results will vary.
2. RT: Assumes required exposures with 20 curie source.
3. Manual UT: Assumes minimum scanning requirements as per ASME. 4. Set up time is based on typical accessibility and work plan.
RADIOGRAPHY vs PHASED ARRAY
RADIOGRAPHY vs PHASED ARRAY
RADIOGRAPHY
• Radiation Source requires large area of clearance.
• Results take time to filter through the system , films to be processed ,
interpretation and reports
• One Dimensional view
• Productivity in the region of 20 welds per RT crew per 10 hour shift in a fabrication shop environment
• Productivity in the region of 10 welds per shift in situ i.e platform field
welds
• Re-location of spools for RT
PHASED ARRAY
• Work does not require any personnel clearance
• Three dimensional Images
• Hard Copy digital record
• Automated systems
• Immediate results in most cases
• Inspection can take place along side welders , no need for re-location of spools
• Immediate repairs can be carried out if needed
• Productivity in the region of 75 welds per PA crew per 10 hour shift in a fabrication shop environment.
• Productivity of 30 welds per PA crew per 10 hour shift in situ
• YES , WITHOUT A DOUBT • RT PLACES A CEILNG ON YARD PRODUCTIVITY • INTEGRATING RT WITH EXISTING TRADES IS A MAJOR CHALLENGE • RT RESULTS IN DELAYS WHICH PARLAYS INTO FINANCIAL LOSSES
• YOU CAN CREATE THE MOST EFFICIENT PROCESSESS HOWEVER YOUR OVERALL CAPABILITY AND OUTPUT WILL BE IMPEDED BY RT
• THERE IS NO SAFE LEVEL OF RADIATION BUT DUE TO LITTLE ALTERNATIVES WE ACCEPT “ AS LOW AS REASONABLY POSSIBLE” ALARP • RT RESULTS IN BACKLOGS, MULTIPLE HANDLING OF ITEMS,CO-ORDINATION & DELAYS
• RT RESULTS TAKE ON AVERAGE 24-36 hours TO CONFIRM
DOES THIS METHOD ADDRESS
A NEED IN YOUR
ENVIRONMENT?
DOES THIS METHOD ADDRESS
A NEED IN YOUR
ENVIRONMENT?
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CODES
AWS D1.1 ASME B31.3 ASME VIII ASME B31.1•
MATERIALS RANGE
Carbon Steels Stainless Steels Titanium Inconel
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THICKNESS RANGE
>6MM
>3.5MM TO 6MM
WITH ADDITIONAL
VALIDATION AND CLIENT
APPROVAL
• CONFIGURATIONS
All welds with access to one side as a minimum can be inspected with PA ,
including nozzles , nodes , circumferential welds and Longitudinal welds
• LIMITATIONS
Pre-engineering required Planning is a requisite Will not cover complete
scope of welds
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY
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THE SIMPLE ANSWER IS NO
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THE PARAMETRES AND TECHNOLOGY
RELATED TO RT IS SIMILAR TO THE
EDISONS BULB, NOTHING MUCH HAS
CHANGED
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ASIDE OF SEMI AUTO UT THERE IS NO
OTHER TECHNOLOGY ON THE HORIZON
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ITS EITHER RT OR PA –UT
ARE THERE ANY COMPETING
TECHNOLOGIES OR OTHER
OPTIONS
ARE THERE ANY COMPETING
TECHNOLOGIES OR OTHER
• RESISTANCE TO CHANGE Internal & External factors
• START UP COSTS All new and emerging technologies require high capital investment thus discouraging adoption
• PRICE AS PERCEIVED Direct price higher as generally we disregard the intangible costs. Radiography overall is a very expensive option.
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR
IMPEDIMENTS THAT WE FACE IN
INTRODUCING THIS TECHNOLOGY
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR
IMPEDIMENTS THAT WE FACE IN
INTRODUCING THIS TECHNOLOGY
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RT HAS BEEN ADOPTED AS
THE PRIMARY METHOD DUE
TO COMPETENCY
ASSURANCE ISSUES WITH
MANUAL ULTRASONICS.
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MANUAL UT
Lack of hardcopy and
completely relies on the skill,
competency, experience and
integrity of the individual and
highly influenced by the
environment and location and
other external issues
PHASED ARRAY –UT
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Validated Techniques for all
operators to work to.
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Recordable System which
provides a digital hard
copy , with encoded scans
providing an accurate
reference point.
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All key processes are
automated
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Automated reporting
system available
HOW DO WE ADDRESS THE
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INITIALLY
MARGINALLY
HIGHER DIRECT
COSTS BUT
OVERALL PA MUCH
CHEAPER
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EFFECTIVELY ONE
OFF START UP
COSTS
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HUGE
PRODUCTIVITY
GAINS
WHAT ARE THE COMMERCIAL
IMPLICATIONS?
WHAT ARE THE COMMERCIAL
IMPLICATIONS?
Price dependant on
volume and duration of
project.
PA IS SUBSTANTIALLY
CHEAPER THAN RT
TECHNICAL
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Pre Planning
Mandatory
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Pre Engineering
Required
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Training and
Certification of
Personnel
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Streamlining the
process
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Gaining Client
Approval
OPERATIONAL
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Integration into the piping
workshop process
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Expediting NDE Requests
, PA will be carried out
much earlier in the
process than
Radiography
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Determining NDE method
for all welds on each
spool and control
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Co-Operation of All
personnel
WHAT ARE THE TECHNICAL &
OPERATIONAL IMPLICATIONS ?
OPERATIONAL IMPLICATIONS ?
WHAT ARE THE TECHNICAL &
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Validation to date shows a slight decrease in repair rates
due to the ability to size in more dimensions .
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Where radiography utilizes length only for accept or
rejection , PA-UT utilizes Length and height
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Fully encoded scanning ensures accurate defect
information is available including depth , length and
circumferential location
DEFECT DETECTION AND
REPAIR RATES
DEFECT DETECTION AND
REPAIR RATES
CODES
CODES
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ASME CC 2235 (CIT) allows use of UT
instead of RT for wall thickness > 12.7mm
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Code case 181 allows use of UT instead of
RT for all thickness ranges
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TOFD, PA and TOFD/PE techniques
allowed
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Performance Demonstration req
uired
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KEY DELIVERY COMPONENTS
60m per
Day
with 2
ops.
SCANNERS
SCANNERS
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Oceaneering has developed its own range
of scanning devices to allow rapid high
quality scans on all diameter pipes and
plate welds.
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The results of phased array encoded
inspections are very reliant on the
scanners utilized and Oceaneering has
invested heavily to ensure the very best of
equipment is available.
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Link scanners in Use
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Special scanners designed and
manufactured
VALIDATION
VALIDATION
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Validation is required by ASME and
Oceaneering manufactures in house code
case compliant validation welds
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TRAINING FACILITY
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TRAINING FACILITY
36
INTERNAL TRAINING
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