Manual Siae Alc Plus

(1)

AL

PDH Radio systems

Compact version

Compact plus version

User manual

MN.00142.E - 009

Volume 1/1

(2)

The information contained in this handbook is subject to change without notice.

Property of Siae Microelettronica S.p.A. All rights reserved according to the law and according to the inter-national regulations. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from Siae Microelettronica S.p.A.

Unless otherwise specified, reference to a Company, name, data and address produced on the screen dis-played is purely indicative aiming at illustrating the use of the product.

MS-DOS®, MS Windows® are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation

HP®, HP OpenView NNM and HP–UX are Hewlett Packard Company registered trademarks. UNIX is a UNIX System Laboratories registered trademark.

Oracle® is a Oracle Corporation registered trademark.

Linux term is a trademark registered by Linus Torvalds, the original author of the Linux operating system. Linux is freely distributed according the GNU General Public License (GPL).

(3)

Components

Section 1. USER GUIDE

7

1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ... 7

2 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND SAFETY RULES ... 8

2.1 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK ... 8

2.1.1 Artificial respiration ... 8

2.1.2 Treatment of burns ... 8

2.2 SAFETY RULES ...10

3 PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL ...11

3.1 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL ...11

3.2 AUDIENCE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ...11

3.3 STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL ...11

Section 2. DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECIFICATION

13

4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...13

5 SYSTEM PRESENTATION ...15

5.1 RADIO SYSTEM OVERVIEW ...15

5.1.1 General ...15

5.2 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ...15

5.3 APPLICATIONS ...15 5.4 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ...16 5.4.1 IDU...16 5.4.2 ODU...16 5.5 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS...17 5.5.1 Management ports ...17 5.5.2 Protocols ...17

6 EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS...21

(4)

7 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDOOR UNIT ...29

7.1 GENERAL...29

7.2 TRAFFIC INTERFACE ...29

7.2.1 2 Mbit/s Interface ...29

7.2.2 Ethernet interface (optional)...30

7.3 SERVICE CHANNEL INTERFACE...30

7.3.1 V.28 low speed synchronous/asynchronous data ...30

7.3.2 Alarm interface...30

7.3.3 64 kbit/s contra–directional interface V.11 (optional) ...30

7.3.4 Network Management Interface ...31

7.4 MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR ...31

7.5 CABLE INTERFACE ...32

7.6 AVAILABLE LOOPS ...32

8 DESCRIPTION OF THE INDOOR UNIT – PDH INTERFACES ...33

8.1 1+0/1+1 IDU...33 8.1.1 Line interface ...33 8.1.2 Radio interface ...34 8.1.3 Equipment controller ...35 8.2 IDU LOOPS ...36 8.2.1 Tributary loop...36

8.2.2 Baseband unit loop ...36

8.2.3 IDU loop ...37

9 DESCRIPTION OF THE INDOOR UNIT – ETHERNET INTERFACES ...45

9.1 TREATMENT OF ETHERNET SIGNALS ...45

9.1.1 2 Mbit/s tributaries...46

9.1.2 Electrical Ethernet interface...46

9.1.3 Front panel LEDs of Ethernet ports ...46

9.1.4 Bridge/switch function ...46

9.1.5 Ethernet Full Duplex function...47

9.1.6 Link Loss Forwarding ...48

9.1.7 MDI/MDIX cross–over...48

9.1.8 VLAN functionality...48

9.1.9 Switch organized by port ...48

9.1.10 Switch organized by VLAN ID ...49

9.1.11 Layer 2, Priority function, QoS, 802.1p ...50

10 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OUTDOOR UNIT ...54

10.1 GENERAL...54

10.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION...54

11 DESCRIPTION OF THE OUTDOOR UNIT ...56

11.1 GENERAL...56 11.2 TRANSMIT SECTION...56 11.3 RECEIVE SECTION ...57 11.4 CABLE INTERFACE ...57 11.5 ATPC OPERATION ...57 11.6 1+1 Tx SYSTEM ...58 11.7 POWER SUPPLY ...58

(5)

12.1 GENERAL...63

12.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ...63

12.3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ...63

Section 3. INSTALLATION

67

13 INSTALLATION AND PROCEDURES FOR ENSURING ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ...67 13.1 GENERAL...67 13.2 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION...67 13.2.1 IDU installation...67 13.3 ELECTRICAL WIRING...68 13.4 GROUNDING CONNECTION ...69

14 ALC USER CONNECTIONS ...70

14.1 CONNECTOR USE FOR 1+0/1+1 ALC VERSION ...70

14.2 STANDARD VERSION CONNECTORS ...71

15 ALC PLUS USER CONNECTIONS ...74

15.1 CONNECTOR USE FOR 1+0/1+1 ALC PLUS VERSION ...74

16 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA ...80

16.1 INSTALLATION KIT ...80

16.2 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED) ...80

16.3 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ...81

16.4 GROUNDING ...82

17 INSTALLATION ONTO THE WALL OF THE ODU WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA...94

18 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA (KIT V52191, V52192)...105

18.1 FOREWORD ...105

18.4.1 Installation onto the pole of the support system and the antenna ...106

18.4.2 Installation of ODU...107

18.4.3 ODU installation...107

18.5 ANTENNA AIMING...108

19 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA (KIT V32307, V32308, V32309) ...124

(6)

19.5 1+0 MOUNTING PROCEDURES ...126

19.5.1 Setting antenna polarization...126

19.5.2 Installation of the centring ring on the antenna ...126

19.5.3 Installation of 1+0 ODU support ...126

19.5.4 Installation onto the pole of the assembled structure ...126

19.5.5 Installation of ODU (on 1+0 support)...126

19.5.6 Antenna aiming ...127

19.5.7 ODU grounding...127

19.6 1+1 MOUNTING PROCEDURES ...127

19.6.1 Installation of Hybrid ...127

19.6.2 Installation of ODUs (on hybrid for 1+1 version) ...128

20 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE 4 GHz ODU WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA (KIT V32323)...136

Section 4. LINE-UP

143

21 LINE–UP OF THE RADIO HOP ...143

21.1 LINE–UP OF THE RADIO HOP...143

21.1.1 Antenna alignment and received field measurement ...143

21.1.2 Network element configuration ...144

21.1.3 Radio checks ...144

22 LINE–UP OF ETHERNET TRAFFIC (FOR IDU WITH ETHERNET MODULE ONLY) ...146

22.1 GENERAL...146

22.2 LOCAL LAN–1 PORT TO REMOTE LAN–1 PORT (TRANSPARENT CONNECTION LAN PER PORT)...146

22.3 LOCAL LAN–1 PORT TO REMOTE LAN–1 PORT (WITH VLANs) ...151

22.4 3 TO 1 PORT CONNECTIONS ...154

22.5 3 TO 1 PORT CONNECTIONS, SETTINGS FOR UNTAGGED TRAFFIC ...154

22.6 3 TO 1 PORT CONNECTIONS, SETTINGS FOR TAGGED AND UNTAGGED TRAFFIC ....157

22.7 3 TO 1 CONNECTIONS: EXAMPLES OF PRIORITY MANAGEMENT ...158

Section 5. MAINTENANCE

163

23 PERIODICAL CHECKS ...163

(7)

23.2 CHECKS TO BE CARRIED OUT ...163

24 TROUBLESHOOTING...164

24.1 GENERAL...164

24.2 TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURE ...164

24.2.1 Loop facilities ...164

24.2.2 Alarm messages processing... 165

25 EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION UPLOAD/SAVE/DOWNLOAD. PARAMETER MODIFICATION AND CREATION OF VIRTUAL CONFIGURATIONS. ...166

25.1 SCOPE ...166

25.2 PROCEDURE...166

25.2.1 General equipment configuration...166

25.2.2 Addresses and routing table ...167

25.2.3 Remote Element Table...168

26 BACK UP FULL EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION WITHOUT POSSIBILITY OF MODIFYING THE PARAMETERS ...169

26.1 SCOPE ...169

26.2 CONFIGURATION UPLOAD ...169

26.3 CONFIGURATION DOWNLOAD ...169

Section 6. PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION

171

27 PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION ...171

27.1 GENERAL...171

Section 7. COMPOSITION

173

28 COMPOSITION OF THE INDOOR UNIT ...173

28.1 GENERAL...173

28.2 ALC IDU PART NUMBER ...173

28.3 ALC PLUS IDU PART NUMBER ...174

29 COMPOSITION OF OUTDOOR UNIT...175

29.1 GENERAL...175

29.2 AL ODU ...175

29.3 AS ODU...175

(8)

LISTS AND

ASSISTANCE SERVICE

177

30 LIST OF FIGURES ...177 31 LIST OF TABLES ...181 32 ASSISTANCE SERVICE...183 32.1 RQ.00961 MODULE ...183

(9)

Section 1. USER GUIDE

1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

SIAE Microelettronica S.p.A. declares that the products:

• Digital radio relay system AL7

comply with the essential requirements of article 3 of the R&TTE Directive (1999/05/EC) and therefore is marked CE.

The following standards apply:

• EN 60950 200 "Safety of information technology equipment".

• EN 301 489-4 V.1.3.1 (2002-8): "Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 4. Specific conditions for fixed radio links and ancillary equipment and services"

• ETSI EN 301 751 V.1.1. (2002-12): "Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to point equipment and antennas; generic harmonized standard for point-to-point digital fixed radio systems and antennas cov-ering the essential requirements under article 3.2 of the 1999/5/EC Directive".

(10)

2 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND SAFETY

RULES

2.1 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Do not touch the patient with bare hands until the circuit has been opened. Open the circuit by

switch-ing off the line switches. If that is not possible protect yourself with dry material and free the patient from the conductor.

2.1.1 Artificial respiration

It is important to start mouth resuscitation at once and to call a doctor immediately. Suggested procedure for mouth to mouth resuscitation method is described in the Tab.1.

2.1.2 Treatment of burns

This treatment should be used after the patient has regained consciousness. It can also be employed while artificial respiration is being applied (in this case there should be at least two persons present).

Warning

• Do not attempt to remove clothing from burnt sections • Apply dry gauze on the burns

(11)

Tab.1 - Procedure for mouth to mouth resuscitation method

Step Description Figure

1

Lay the patient on his back with his arms parallel to the body. If the patient is laying on an inclined plane, make sure that his stomach is slightly lower than his chest. Open the patients mouth and check that there is no foreign

mat-ter in mouth (dentures, chewing gum, etc.).

2

Kneel beside the patient level with his head. Put an hand under the patient's head and one under his neck. Lift the patient's head and let it recline backwards as far

as possible.

3

Shift the hand from the patient's neck to his chin and his mouth, the index along his jawbone, and keep the other fingers closed together. While performing these operations take a good supply of oxygen by taking deep breaths with

your mouth open.

4 With your thumb between the patient's chin and mouth _{keep his lips together and blow into his nasal cavities.}

5

While performing these operations observe if the patient's chest rises. If not it is possible that his nose is blocked: in that case open the patient's mouth as much as possible by pressing on his chin with your hand, place your lips around his mouth and blow into his oral cavity. Observe if the pa-tient's chest heaves. This second method can be used in-stead of the first even when the patient's nose is not obstructed, provided his nose is kept closed by pressing the nostrils together using the hand you were holding his head with. The patient's head must be kept sloping

back-wards as much as possible.

6

Start with ten rapid expirations, hence continue at a rate of twelve/ fifteen expirations per minute. Go on like this until the patient has regained conscious-ness, or until a

(12)

2.2 SAFETY RULES

When the equipment units are provided with the plate, shown in Fig.1, it means that they contain compo-nents electrostatic charge sensitive.

Fig.1 - Components electrostatic charge sensitive

In order to prevent the units from being damaged while handling, it is advisable to wear an elasticised band

(Fig.2) around the wrist ground connected through coiled cord (Fig.3).

Fig.2 - Elasticised band

Fig.3 - Coiled cord

The units showing the label, shown in Fig.4, include laser diodes and the emitted power can be dangerous for eyes; avoid exposure in the direction of optical signal emission.

Fig.4 - Laser diodes

d e zi ci t sal E d n a B LASER

(13)

3 PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL

3.1 PURPOSE OF THE MANUAL

The purpose of this manual consists in providing the user with information which allows to operate and maintain the ALC radio family.

Warning: This manual does not include information relevant to the SCT/LCT management program win-dows and relevant application. They will provided by the program itself as help-on line.

3.2 AUDIENCE BASIC KNOWLEDGE

The following knowledge and skills are required to operate the equipment: • a basic understanding of microwave transmission

• installation and maintenance experience on digital radio system • a good knowledge of IP/OSI networks and routing policy.

3.3 STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL

The manual is subdivided into sections each of them developing a specific topic entitling the section. Each section consists of a set of chapters, enlarging the main subject master.

Section 1 - User Guide

It provides the information about the main safety rules and expounds the purpose and the structure of the manual.

Section 2 - Description and specifications

It traces the broad line of equipment operation and lists the main technical characteristics of the whole equipment and units it consists of.

List of abbreviation meaning is also supplied.

Section 3 - Installation

The mechanical installation procedures are herein set down as well as the user electrical connec-tions.

(14)

Section 4 - Line-Up

Line-up procedures are described as well as checks to be carried out for the equipment correct operation. The list of the instruments to be used and their characteristics are also set down.

Section 5 - Maintenance

The routine maintenance actions are described as well as fault location procedures in order to identify the faulty unit and to re-establish the operation after its replacement with a spare one.

Section 6 - Programming and supervision

The ALC radio family is programmed and supervised using different software tools. Some of them are al-ready available, some other will be available in the future.

This section lists the tools implemented and indicates if descriptions are already available. Each description of software tools is supplied in a separated manual.

Section 7 - Composition

Position, part numbers of the components the equipment consist of, are shown in this section.

Section 8 - Lists and assistance service

(15)

Section 2. DESCRIPTIONS AND

SPECIFI-CATION

4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

- AF Assured Forwarding

- ALC Access Link Compact Version

- ALC plus Access Link Compact Plus Version

- AIS Alarm Indication Signal

- ATPC Automatic Transmit Power Control

- BB Baseband

- BBER Background Block Error Radio

- BER Bit Error Rate

- DSCP Differentiated Service Code Point

- DSP Digital Signal Processing

- EMC/EMI Electromagnetic Compatibility/Electromagnetic Interference

- EOC Embedded Overhead Channel

- ERC European Radiocommunication Committee

- ESD Electrostatic Discharge

- FEC Forward Error Corrector

- FEM Fast Ethernet Module

- HDLC High Level Data Link Control

- IDU Indoor Unit

- IF Intermediate Frequency

- IpToS Type of Service IP

- LAN Local Area Network

(16)

- LCT Local Craft Terminal

- LIM Line Interface Module

- LLF Link Loss Forwarding

- LOF Loss Of Frame

- LOS Loss Of Signal

- MAC Media Access Control

- MDI Medium Dependent Interface

- MDIX Medium Dependent Interface Crossover

- MIB Management Information Base

- MMIC Monolitic Microwave Integrated Circuit

- MTBF Mean Time Between Failure

- NE Network Element

- ODU Outdoor Unit

- OSI Open System Interconnection

- PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy - PPI Plesiochronous Physical Interface

- PPP Point to Point Protocol

- PTOS Priority Type Of Service

- RIM Radio Interface Module

- SCT Subnetwork Craft Terminal

- SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

- TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

- TOS Type Of Service

- VID Virtual LAN Identifier

- VLAN Virtual LAN

- WFQ Wait Fair Queue

(17)

5 SYSTEM PRESENTATION

5.1 RADIO SYSTEM OVERVIEW

5.1.1 General

AL is SIAE's PDH radio series for low-to-medium transmission capacities in frequency bands from 7 to 38 GHz.

Different hardware versions offer a range of tributaries traffic from 2xE1 to 32xE1, with or without Ethernet traffic, on 4QAM, 16QAM and 32QAM modulation, with capacity up to 105 Mbit/s.

Reduced cost, high reliability, compact size, light weight and full programmability are the key features of this radio series.

5.2 COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

The equipment complies with the following international standards: • EN 301 489-4 for EMC

• ITU-R recommendations for all frequency bands • EN 300 132-2 characteristics for power supply

• EN 300 019 environmental characteristics (Operation class 3.2 for IDU and class 4.1 for ODU; stor-age: class 1.2; transport: class 2.3)

• EN 60950 for safety.

5.3 APPLICATIONS

AL main applications are:

• radio communication between GSM cells • radio links for voice and data transmission • spur routes for high capacity radio system • emergency links

(18)

5.4 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The AL radio equipment consist of two separate units:

• the indoor unit (IDU) that houses tributary interfaces, Ethernet ports modem and controller units

• the outdoor unit (ODU) that converts IF signals into RF signals and vice versa.

The two units are interconnected via coaxial cable. Fig.5 and Fig.6 show a typical IDU/ODU layout whereas

Fig.7 and Fig.8 show the radio block diagram in 1+0 and 1+1 configuration respectively.

5.4.1 IDU

The IDU is available in the following hardware versions: • ALC

- 1 rack unit compact IDU, 1+0 configuration, 2/4/8 E1 - 1 rack unit compact IDU, 1+0 configuration, 2/4/8/16 E1 - 1 rack unit compact IDU, 1+1 configuration, 2/4/8 E1 - 1 rack unit compact IDU, 1+1 configuration, 2/4/8/16 E1 • ALC plus

- 1 rack unit compact plus IDU, 1+0 configuration, 2/4/5/8/10/16 E1 - 1 rack unit compact plus IDU, 1+1 configuration, 2/4/5/8/10/16 E1 - 1 rack unit compact plus IDU, 1+0 configuration, 2/4/5/8/10/16/20/32 E1 - 1 rack unit compact plus IDU, 1+0 configuration, 2/4/5/8/10/16/20/32 E1

Ethernet module can be housed inside IDU, as option, for Ethernet traffic. ALC and ALC plus IDUs consist of a single circuit board plugged into a wired shelf. Line interfaces house tributary connections and, through a multiplexing/demultiplexing and bit insertion/extraction process, supply/receive the aggregate signal to/from the modulator/demodulator.

Main difference between ALC IDU and ALC plus IDU is the increased capacity (up to 32E1 and up to 105 Mbit/s of total capacity) and the possibility to use the bandwidth of transmitted channel more efficiently: 5 E1 streams can be transmitted in the bandwidth previously used by 4 E1 only, 10 E1 streams can be transmitted in the bandwidth previously used by 8 E1 only, 20 E1 streams can be transmitted in the band-width previously used by 16 E1 only.

Line interfaces carry out the digital processing for the QAM modulator and, in 1+1 configuration, duplicate the main signals on the transmission side and perform the changeover on the receive side. Interfaces to-wards the ODU house the cable interface for bidirectional communication between ODU and IDU, and im-plement the IF section of the mo-demodulator.

IDU power supply units process battery voltage and supply power to IDU and ODU circuits. The controller section of the radio houses service channels interfaces, stores IDU firmware, interfaces SIAE man-agement systems though dedicated supervision ports, and routes external and internal alarms to relay contacts.

5.4.2 ODU

The ODU houses the interface towards the IDU on one side, and towards the antenna flange on the other. The ODU shifts the incoming QAM-modulated carrier to RF frequency through a double conversion. The opposite occurs at the receive side, when the IF-converted carrier is sent to the IDU demodulator. Antenna coupling in 1+1 systems is done through a balanced or unbalanced hybrid.

(19)

5.5 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

AL radio can be controlled locally and remotely via SIAE supervision software:

• SCT/LCT: a Windows-based management system for small networks (up to 100 NE)

• NMS5-LX: a Linux-based management system for small-to-medium networks (up to 750 NE) • NMS5-UX: a Unix-based management system for large networks (up to 2500 NE)

These systems provide a friendly graphic interface complying with current standard use of keyboards, mouse and windows.

5.5.1 Management ports

AL radio terminals connect to the supervision network via the following communication ports: • Ethernet 10BaseT Port (2 port in ALC plus)

• USB port

5.5.2 Protocols

SNMP along with IP or OSI protocol stacks are used to manage AL operation.

(20)

Fig.6 - 1+1 IDU typical configuration 10/100 BTX 3 2 1 ACT LINK DPLX DPLX LINK ACT ACT LINK DPLX 2 1 RX TX AL TEST R PS2 PS1 2 1 2 1 48V2 + – – + 48V1 Q3 LCT USER IN/OUT 1 2345 6 7 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 1 2 2 RS232 V11 _Q3/2 Q3/1 LC T USER IN/OUT RX TX 1 2 TEST AL R Tr ib . 1-8 Trib . 9-16 Tr ib . 25-32 Tr ib . 17-24 2 1 +

--+ 48VDC 48VDC PS 1 2 250V AC M 3.15A 3.15A M 250V AC 10/100 Base T 1 23 ACT LINK DPX

AL

C 16E1 + Ethernet

AL

(21)

Fig.7 - 1+1 equipment block diagram cif f art ni a M E L B A C . F R E T NI 1 U D O R E L L O R T N O C s e ci vr e S E L B A C . F R E T NI 2 U D O R E L L O R T N O C 2 e c af r et nI oi d a R NI A M R E L L O R T N O C L O R T N O C U DI ti n U r ell or t n o C

U

DI

E L B A C E L B A C . F R E T NI 1 1 x T 1 x R

1 U

D

O

W S . R T N O C 2 x T 2 x R

2 U

D

O

W S . R T N O C E L B A C X U M X U M E D B d 4 r o B d 5. 7/ 5. 1 cif f art ni a M E L B A C . F R E T NI 2 D O M M E D T C L/ T C S L O R T N O C U D O M R A L A I B P S D P S D FI FI e c af r et nI e ni L . T T A B D O M M E D . T T A B P S D V 8 4 V 8₄ s e ci vr e S D O M M E D M E D E B FI FI 1 e c af r et nI oi d a R

(22)

Fig.8 - 1+0 non expandable equipment block diagram cif f art ni a M E L B A C . F R E T NI U D O R E L L O R T N O C s e ci vr e S NI A M R E L L O R T N O C L O R T N O C U DI E L B A C E L B A C . F R E T NI 1 1 x T 1 x R

U

D

O

W S . R T N O C X U M X U M E D cif f art ni a M D O M M E D T C L/ T C S L O R T N O C U D O M R A L A I B P S D P S D FI FI . T T A B V 8 4 s e ci vr e S D O M M E D E B

U

DI

(23)

6 EQUIPMENT TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

6.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

- Frequency range - 7 GHz 7.11 to 7.7 GHz - 8 GHz 7.7 to 8.5 GHz - 11 GHz 10.7 to 11.7 GHz - 13 GHz 12.75 to 13.25 GHz - 15 GHz 14.4 to 15.35 GHz - 18 GHz 17.7 to 19.7 GHz - 23 GHz 21.2 to 23.6 GHz - 25 GHz 24.5 to 26.5 GHz - 28 GHz 27.5 to 29.5 GHz - 38 GHz 37 to 39.5 GHz - RF channel arrangement - 7 GHz ITU-R Rec F.385 - 8 GHz ITU-R Rec F.386

- 11 GHz no ITU-R Rec. for PDH 11 GHz band

- 13 GHz ITU-R Rec F.497

- 23 GHz ERC/T/R 13-02 Annex A or ITU-R Rec F.637

- 25 GHz ERC/T/R 13-02 Annex B - 28 GHz ERC/T/R 13-02 Annex C - 38 GHz ITU-R Rec F.749 - Go-return frequency - 7 GHz 245/196/168/161/154 MHz - 8 GHz 311.32 MHz - 11 GHz 530 MHz - 13 GHz 266 MHz - 15 GHz 420/728 MHz - 18 GHz 1010 MHz - 23 GHz 1008/1232 MHz - 25 GHz 1008 MHz - 28 GHz 1008 MHz - 38 GHz 1260 MHz

(24)

- Transmission capacity see Tab.2

Tab.2 Signal capacity

- Service channel capacity:

- 64 kbit/s V11 co/contradirectional interface or V28 (1x9600 or 2x4800 baud) - RS232 PPP for supervision

- EOW external module (optional) connected to V11 and RS232 ports

- Antenna configuration 1+0 or 1+1 hot stand-by and 1 antenna, 1+1 frequency diversity on 1 cross polar antenna or two separated antennas

- Frequency accuracy ± 5 ppm; ± 10 ppm ageing included

- RF spurious emissions according to ETSI EN 301 390

- Modulation 4QAM/16QAM/32QAM (ALC plus only), see Tab.3

Tab.3 - Modulation and channel spacing

- Demodulation coherent

- Output power at the antenna side, 1+0 version refer to Tab.4

- Receiver threshold at the antenna

side 1+0 version refer to Tab.5 and Tab.6

- Additional losses both Tx and Rx sides, 1+1 version

- 4 dB ± 0.5 dB version with balanced hybrid

- ≤ 1.7 dB (branch 1) / ≤ 7 dB (branch 2) version with unbalanced hybrid

- Residual BER 1x10-11

- Maximum input level for BER 10-3 -20 dBm

IDU type Capacity Configuration

ALC 2/4/8 E1 (max 16 Mbit/s) 1+0/1+1

ALC 2/4/8/16 E1 (max 32 Mbit/s) 1+0/1+1

ALC 2/4/8/16 E1 + 3x10/100BaseT (max 32 Mbit/s) 1+0/1+1

ALC 2/4/8/16 E1 + 3x10/100BaseT (max 64 Mbit/s) 1+0/1+1

ALC plus 2/4/5/8/10/16 E1 (max 32 Mbit/s) 1+0/1+1

ALC plus 2/4/5/8/10/16/20/32 E1 (max 64 Mbit/s) 1+0/1+1

ALC plus 2/4/5/8/10/16/20/32 E1 + 3x10/100BaseT (max 64 Mbit/s) 1+0/1+1 ALC plus 2/4/5/8/10/16/20/32 E1 + 3x10/100BaseT (max 105 Mbit/s) 1+0/1+1

Modulation Capacity

4 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s 16 Mbit/s 32 Mbit/s 64 Mbit/s 105 Mbit/s

4QAM 3.5 MHz 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz -

-16QAM - 3.5 MHz 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz

(25)

Tab.4 - Nominal output power 1 dB tolerance - (1+0 version) ODU AL/ODU AS

Tab.5 - Guaranteed received threshold in 1+0 configuration (dBm)

Tab.6 - Guaranteed received threshold in 1+0 configuration (dBm)

GHz Output power 4QAM Output power 16QAM Output power 32QAM

7 +27/30 dBm +22/26 dBm +20/n.a. dBm 8 +27/30 dBm +22/26 dBm +20/n.a. dBm 11 +25/29 dBm +20/25 dBm -13 +25/29 dBm +20/25 dBm +20/n.a. dBm 15 +25/28 dBm +20/24 dBm +20/n.a. dBm 18 +20/24 dBm +15/20 dBm +15/20 dBm 23 +20/23 dBm +15/19 dBm +15/19 dBm 25 +20/23 dBm +15/19 dBm +15/19 dBm 28 +19/22 dBm +14/18 dBm +14/18 dBm 32 +17/20 dBm +13/16 dBm +13/16 dBm 38 +17/20 dBm +13/16 dBm +13/16 dBm GHz 4QAM 16QAM 2x2 4x2 2x2 4x2 10-6 10-3 10-6 10-3 10-6 10-3 10-6 10-3 7 -91 -93 -88 -90 - - -84 -86 8 -91 -93 -88 -90 - - -84 -85 11 -90.5 -92.5 -87.5 -89.5 - - -83.5 -85.5 13 -90.5 -92.5 -87.5 -89.5 -83.5 -85.5 15 -90.5 -92.5 -87.5 -89.5 - - -83.5 -85.5 18 -90 -92 -87 -89 - - -84 -86 23 -90 -92 -87 -89 - - -83 -85 25 -89.5 -91.5 -86.5 -88.5 - - -82.5 -84.5 28 -89 -91 -86 -88 - - -82 -84 38 -88 -90 -85 -88 - - -81 -83 GHz

4QAM 16QAM 32QAM

8x2 16x2 8x2 16x2 32x2 100 10–6 10–3 10–6 10–3 10–6 10–3 10–6 10–3 10–6 10–3 10–6 10–3

7 –85 –87 –82 –84 –81 –83 –78 –80 –75 –77 –72 –74

8 –85 –87 –82 –84 –81 –83 –78 –80 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

11 –84.5 –86.5 –81.5 –83.5 –80.5 –82.5 –77.5 –79.5 –74.5 –76.5 –71.5 –73.5 13 –84.5 –86.5 –81.5 –83.5 –80.5 –82.5 –77.5 –79.5 –74.5 –76.5 –71.5 –73.5 15 –84.5 –86.5 –81.5 –83.5 –80.5 –82.5 –77.5 –79.5 –74.5 –76.5 –71.5 –73.5 18 –84 –86 –81 –83 –80 –82 –77 –79 –74 –76 –71 –73 23 –84 –86 –81 –83 –80 –82 –77 –79 –73 –75 –70 –72 25 –83.5 –85.5 –80.5 –82.5 –79.5 –81.5 –76.5 –78.5 –72.5 –74.5 –69.5 –71.5 28 –83 –85 –80 –82 –79 –81 –76 –78 –72 –74 –69 –71 32 -82 -84 -80 -81 -78 -80 -75 -77 -72 -74 -69 -71 38 –82 –84 –80 –81 –78 –80 –75 –77 –71 –73 –68 –70

(26)

- Power supply voltage -40.8 to -57.6 Vdc

- Power consumption Fully equipped terminal with 370 m 1/4" IDU/ODU cable (refer to Tab.7).

Tab.7 - Power consumption (ODU AL/ODU AS)

- Power supply connector consumption (refer to Tab.8)

Tab.8 - Power supply connector consumption

- Fuse 3.15 A (M), 5x20 mm on front panel

- Environmental conditions

- Operational range for IDU –5° C to +45° C - Operational range for ODU –33° C to +55° C - Survival temperature range for IDU –10° C to +55° C - Survival temperature range for ODU –40° C to +60° C - Operational humidity for IDU 95% at +35° C

- Operational humidity for ODU weather proof according to IP65 environmental class - Heat dissipation of ODU Thermal resistance 0.5° C/W

Solar heat gain: not exceeding 5° C

- Wind load ≤ 260 Km/h

- Mechanical characteristics

- Dimensions refer to Tab.9

Tab.9 - IDU/ODU dimensions

- Weight refer to Tab.10

Tab.10 - IDU/ODU weight Configuration Guaranteed power consump-tion (IDU) f≤15 GHz

-40.8 to -57.6 Vdc

Guaranteed power consump-tion (IDU) f>15 GHz -40.8 to -57.6 Vdc 1+0 ≤ 32W/34W ≤ 25W/34W 1+1 ≤ 52W/62W ≤ 40W/62W Guaranteed consumption f≤15 GHz da - 40.8 Vdc Guaranteed consumption f>15 GHz da –40.8 Vdc ≤ 1 A ≤ 1 A Width (mm) Height(mm) Depth(mm) ODU AL/ODU AS 1+0 250/255 255/255 100/121 ODU AL/ODU AS 1+1 278/358 255/255 280/280 IDU 1+0/1+1 480 45 260 ODU AL/ODU AS 1+0 4.5/5.5 Kg ODU AL/ODU AS 1+0 13.3/15.5 Kg IDU 1+0/1+1 3.5/3.7 Kg Panning system 1+0/1+1 4.4 Kg

(27)

- Mechanical layout refer to typical Fig.9, Fig.10, Fig.11, Fig.12 and

Fig.13.

Fig.9 - IDU ALC 1+0 (2/4/8xE1)

Fig.10 - IDU ALC 1+1 (2/4/8/16xE1)

Fig.11 - IDU ALC 1+1 (up to 16xE1 coax. conn.) + Ethernet

Fig.12 - IDU ALC plus 1+1 (2/4/5/8/10/16/20/32xE1)

Fig.13 - IDU ALC plus 1+1 (2/4/5/8/10/16/20/32xE1) + Ethernet

48V + – Trib. 1–2–3–4 Trib. 5–6–7–8 PS LCT Q3 USER IN/OUT R TEST AL 2 1 RX TX AL TEST R USER IN/OUT Q3 LCT PS2 PS1 Trib. 13–14–15–16 Trib. 5–6–7–8 Trib. 9–10–11–12 Trib. 1–2–3–4 2 1 2 1 48V2 + – – + 48V1 10/100 BTX 3 2 1 ACT LINK DPLX DPLX LINK ACT ACT LINK DPLX 2 1 RX TX AL TEST R PS2 PS1 2 1 2 1 48V2 + – – + 48V1 Q3 LCT USER IN/OUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2 1 48VDC2 48VDC1 + -+ 1 2 Trib. 17-24 Trib. 25-32 Trib. 9-16 Trib. 1-8 R AL TEST 2 1 TX RX USER IN/OUT LCT Q3/1 Q3/2 V11 RS232 3.15A M

250VAC _PS 250VACM 3.15A 1 2 1 1 2 2 RS232 V11 Q3/2 Q3/1 LCT USER IN/OUT RX TX 1 2 TEST AL R Trib. 1-8 Trib. 9-16 Trib. 25-32 Trib. 17-24 2 1 + -48VDC 48VDC + -PS 1 2 250VAC M 3.15A 3.15A M 250VAC 10/100 BaseT 1 2 3 ACT LINK DPX

(28)

Fig.14 - IDU 1+1 (up to 16x2 Mbit/s coax. conn.) + Ethernet module

(29)

Fig.16 - 1+0 ODU with integral antenna (pole mounting)

(30)

(31)

7 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDOOR UNIT

7.1 GENERAL

The following IDU characteristics are guaranteed for the temperature range from –5° C to +45° C.

7.2 TRAFFIC INTERFACE

7.2.1 2 Mbit/s Interface

Input side

- Bit rate 2048 kbit/s ± 50 ppm

- Line code HDB3

- Rated impedance 75 Ohm or 120 Ohm

- Rated level 2.37 Vp/75 Ohm or 3 Vp/120 Ohm

- Return loss 12 dB from 57 kHz to 102 kHz

18 dB from 102 kHz to 2048 kHz 14 dB from 2048 kHz to 3072 kHz - Max attenuation of the input cable 6 dB according to √ f trend

- Accepted jitter see mask in Table 2, CCITT Rec. G.823

- Transfer function see mask in Figure 1, CCITT Rec. G.742

- Connector type SUB-D, 25 pins

Output side

- Bit rate 2048 kbit/s ± 50 ppm

- Rated impedance 75 Ohm or 120 Ohm

- Rated level 2.37 Vp/75 Ohm or 3 Vp/120 Ohm

- Output jitter in accordance with G.742/G.823

- Pulse shape see mask in Figure 15, CCITT Rec. G.703

(32)

7.2.2 Ethernet interface (optional)

RJ45 interface

- LAN type Ethernet Twisted Pair 802.3 10BaseT/100BaseT

- Connector RJ45

- Connection to LAN direct with a CAT5 Twisted Pair

- Protocol TCP/IP or IPoverOSI

7.3 SERVICE CHANNEL INTERFACE

7.3.1 V.28 low speed synchronous/asynchronous data

- Data interface RS232

- Electrical interface CCITT Rec. V.28

- Input speed 9600 baud

- Control wires DTR, DSR, DCD

7.3.2 Alarm interface

User output

- Relay contacts normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC)

- Open contacts R_min 100 MOhm at 500 Vdc

- Open contacts R_max 0.5 Ohm

- Switching voltage V_max 100 V

- Switching current I_max 1A

User input

- Equivalent circuit recognised as a closed contact 200 Ohm resist. (max) referred to ground - Equivalent circuit recognised as an open contact 60 kOhm (min) referred to ground

7.3.3 64 kbit/s contra–directional interface V.11 (optional)

- Tolerance ±100 ppm

(33)

- Coding clock and data on independent wires

- Electrical interface see Rec. CCITT V.11

7.3.4 Network Management Interface

RJ45 interface

- LAN type Ethernet Twisted Pair 802.3 10BaseT/100BaseT

- Connector RJ45

- Connection to LAN direct with a CAT5 Twisted Pair

- Protocol TCP/IP or IPoverOSI

LCT USB interface

- Electrical interface USB 1.1 version

- Baud rate 1.5 Mbit/s

- Protocol PPP

RS232 interface (optional)

- Electronic interface V.28

- Asynchronous baud rate 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600

- Protocol PPP

7.4 MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR

- Carrier modulating frequency

- Tx side 330 MHz

- Rx side 140 MHz

- Type of modulatioln 4QAM/16QAM

- Spectrum shaping from 4 Mbit/s to 34 Mbit/s depending on different versions

- Forma dello spettro raised cosine (roll–off = 0.5)

- Equalization 5 tap

(34)

7.5 CABLE INTERFACE

- Interconnection with the ODU unit single coaxial cable for both Tx and Rx

- Cable length up to 370 m. with 1/4" cable type

- Rated impedance 50 Ohm

- Signal running along the cable

- Tx nominal frequency 330 MHz

- Rx nominal frequency 140 MHz

- Transceiver management signals 388 kbit/s bidirectional

- Carrier for transceiver management signals IDU at ODU = 17.5 MHz/0 dBm ODU at IDU = 5.5 MHz/0 dBm

- Remote power supply direct from battery voltage

7.6 AVAILABLE LOOPS

The following loop are available within the IDU: - Tributary loop

- Baseband loop - IDU loop

(35)

8 DESCRIPTION OF THE INDOOR UNIT – PDH

IN-TERFACES

8.1 1+0/1+1 IDU

The following functional description covers the versions the IDU consists of as shown in chapter "Equip-ment technical specifications".

The IDU is made up of a single motherboard that houses all the circuitry realizing the following function-alities:

• Line interface • Radio interface • Equipment controller • IDU loops.

The different versions of IDU are pointed out in following description only if it is necessary.

8.1.1 Line interface

The line interface performs the following operations: • multiplexing process of the input tributaries

• generation of the aggregate frame by aggregating multiplexed tributaries and service channel. Bit extraction and demultiplexing process happens at the receive side.

Tx side

Refer to Fig.19. The 2 Mbit/s input signal is code converted from HDB3 to NRZ format before being multi-plexed. The multiplexing scheme depends on the number and the bit rate of the input tributaries. Attached figures show different multiplexing scheme as follows:

• Fig.20– 2x2 Mbit/s multiplexing. The mux performs stuffing operation on each single tributary and

generates a proprietary frame embedding the two tributaries to be sent to the Bit Insertion. Oppo-site operation occurs at the Rx side.

• Fig.21 – 4x2 Mbit/s multiplexing. The mux aggregates the four 2 Mbit/s tributaries generating a

8448 kbit/s frame as per Recc. G.742. The multiplexed signal is then sent to the Bit Insertion. Op-posite operation occurs at the Rx side.

• Fig.22 – 8x2 Mbit/s multiplexing. The eight 2 Mbit/s tributaries are grouped in two 4x2 Mbit/s groups

each of one generating a G742 frame structure at 8448 kbit/s to be sent to the next Bit Insertion. Opposite operation occurs at the Rx side.

• Fig.23 – 16x2 Mbit/s multiplexing. The sixteen 2 Mbit/s tributaries are grouped in four 4x2 Mbit/s

groups each of one generating a G.742 frame structure at 8448 kbit/s. A further multiplexing of the achieved four 8448 kbit/s streams will generate a frame structure at 34368 kbit/s as per Recc. G.751. This latter is to be sent to the Bit Insertion. Opposite operation occurs at the Rx side. The multiplexed tributaries are then sent to the B.I. for aggregate frame generation.

(36)

• the main signal from the MUX(s)

• the framed service signal from the service interface

• the EOC signals for supervision message propagation towards the remote terminal • the frame alignment word

• the bits dedicated to the FEC.

All the synch. signals to perform multiplexing (demultiplexing) and BI (BE) process are achieved from a x0 at 40 MHz. The aggregate frame thus generates is sent to the QAM modulator.

Rx side

Refer to Fig.24.

At Rx side the Bit extraction separates the main multiplexed signal from the service signal and then after a proper demultiplexing process (opposite to that previously described at the Tx side) sends them to the output interfaces.

8.1.2 Radio interface

This functionality provides the following: • QAM modemodulation

• power supply to IDU and ODU • telemetry IDU/ODU

• cable interface

QAM modemodulation – Modulation side

See Fig.25

The aggregate signal from the BI undergoes the following process in digital form: • serial to parallel conversion

• differential encoding

• generation of the shaped modulating signals feeding the IF part of the QAM modulator. This latter comprises:

• recovery low pass filter to eliminate signal periodicity • 330 MHz local oscillator

• a 90° phase shifter to supply two mixers with two in quadrature carriers

The thus obtained 330 MHz QAM modulated carrier is then sent to the cable interface for connection with ODU.

QAM modemodulation – Demodulation side

See Fig.25.

The 140 MHz modulated carrier from the ODU is reaching the IDU through the cable interface. The connection to the demodulator input is made via a cable equalizer for cable loss compensation. The IF section of the QAM demodulator extracts the I and Q analogue signals then digital converted for the following processing:

(37)

• baseband equalisation and filtering • bit polarity decision

• differential decoding

• parallel to serial conversion to recover the aggregate signal.

The aggregate signal is then sent to a frame alignment circuit and CRC analysis and then to the error cor-rector to achieve the BER extimate, the PM and HBER/LBER alarms.

Power supply

Refer to Fig.25. The –48 V battery voltage feeds the IDU and ODU circuitry. The service voltages for the IDU feeding are achieved through a DC/DC converter for +3.6 V generation and a step down circuit for –5V. Both voltages are protected against overvoltages and overcurrents. The power to the ODU is given by the same battery running through the interconnection cable. A breaker protects the battery against cable fail-ure.

Telemetry IDU/ODU

Refer to Fig.19 and Fig.25. The dialogue IDU/ODU is made–up by the main controller and associated pe-ripherals within the ODU. Controls for ODU management and alarm reporting is performed making use of a 388 kbit/s framed signals. The transport along the interconneting cable is performed via two FSK mod-ulated carriers: 17.5 MHz from IDU to ODU; 5.5 MHZ from ODU to IDU.

Cable interface

Refer to Fig.25. This circuit permits to communicate to the far ODU through the interconnecting cable. It is mainly made up of a set of filters that:

• combine the 330 MHz, QAM modulated carrier/the 17.5 MHz carrier/the power supply • separate the 140 MHz QAM modulated carrier and the 5.5 MHz carrier

8.1.3 Equipment controller

The controller functionality performs the following:

• houses the equipment software for equipment management • interfaces the SCT/LCT program through supervision ports

• receive external alarms and route them to relay contacts along with the internal alarms generated by the equipment.

The equipment software permits to control and manage all the equipment functionality. It is distributed on two hardware levels: main controller and ODU peripheral controller. The dialogue between main and pe-ripheral controllers is shown in Fig.26.

Main controller

The activities executed by the main controller are the following:

• Communication management: it makes use of SNMP as management protocol and IP or IP over OSI

as communication protocol stacks. See Fig.27 for details. The interface ports for the equipment management are the following:

- LAN Ethernet 10BaseT

(38)

- EOC embedded within the PDH radio frame for connection to the remote NEs

• Log–in: the main controller manages the equipment or network login/logout by setting and then

controlling the user’s ID and relevant password.

• Database (MIB): validation and storing in a non–volatile memory of the equipment configuration

parameters.

• Equipment configuration: distribution of the parameters stored in the MIB towards the peripheral

µPs for their attuation in addition to the controls from user not stored in the MIB (i.e. loops, manual forcing etc...).

• Alarm monitoring: acquisition, filtering and correlation of the alarms gathered from slaved µPs.

Lo-cal logger and alarm sending to the connected managers: SCT/LCT – NMS5UX. Management of the alarm signalling on the LIM front panel.

• Performances: PM management as per Recc. G.828.

• Download: the main controller is equipped with two flash memory banks containing the running

pro-gram (active bank) and the stand–by propro-gram (inactive bank). This permits to download a new soft-ware release to the inactive bank without distributing the traffic.

Bank switch enables the new release to be used.

Download activity is based on FTP protocol which downloads application programs, FPGA configu-ration, configuration files on main controller inactive bank or directly on the peripheral controllers.

Peripheral controllers

The peripheral controllers take place within the ODU and are slaved to main controller with the task of ac-tivating controls and alarm reporting of dedicated functionality.

8.2 IDU LOOPS

To control the IDU correct operation a set of local and remote loops are made available. The commands are forwarded by the LCT/SCT program. Loop block diagram is shown by Fig.28.

8.2.1 Tributary loop

Tributary local loop

Each input tributary is routed directly to the trib. output upon receiving the command from the LCT. The Tx line transmission is still on.

Tributary remote loop

Each tributary directed towards the Rx output line is routed back to the Tx line. The Rx line is still on.

8.2.2 Baseband unit loop

(39)

8.2.3 IDU loop

This kind of loop permits to check the full IDU digital operation.

Fig.19 - Line interface block diagram – Tx side

e

d

o

C

r

et

r

e

v

n

o

c

e

d

o

C

r

et

r

e

v

n

o

c

X

U

M

2 x

4/

2 x

2

2 x

6 1/

2 x

8 e

e

s

2. 8 .

gi

F

h

g

u

or

ht

5. 8 .

gi

F

:I

B

cif

f

art

ni

a

m

–

s

e

ci

vr

e

s

–

C

O

E

–

C

E

F

–

W

A

F

–

e

m

ar

F

r

ot

ar

e

n

e

g

z

H

M

8

8.

8

3

0 X

2 x

n

Z

R

N

K

C

Z

R

N

K

C

d

o

m

e

d/

d

o

m

K

S

F

–

e

m

arf

8

3 –

r

e

vi

e

c

er/

r

ot

ar

e

n

e

g

ni

a

m

orf

/

ot

r

ell

ort

n

o

c

e

m

arf

et

a

g

er

g

A

z

H

M

5.

5 z

H

M

5.

7

1

(40)

Fig.20 - 2x2 Mbit/s multiplexing/demultiplexing

MUX

proprietary

frame

B.I.

DEMUX

proprietary

frame

B.E.

Ck

Tx data

Rx data

2x2 Mbit/s

Aggregate Ck

MUX 2 –>8

G.742 B.I.

DEMUX

2 –>8

G.742 B.E.

Ck

Framed data

8448 Tx

Framed data

8448 Rx

4x2 Mbit/s

Aggregate Ck

(41)

MUX 2 –>8

G.742 B.I.

DEMUX

8 –> 2

G.742 B.E.

Ck 8448 kHz Tx

4x2 Mbit/s

Aggregate Ck

MUX 2 –>8

G.742 Framed data

8448 Tx

4x2 Mbit/s

DEMUX

8 –> 2

G.742 4x2 Mbit/s

Framed data

8448 Rx

Ck

Data

(42)

MUX

2 –>8

G.742 B.I.

4x2 Mbit/s

Aggregate Ck

MUX

2 –>8

G.742 4x2 Mbit/s

MUX

2 –>8

G.742 4x2 Mbit/s

MUX

2 –>8

G.742 4x2 Mbit/s

MUX

8–>34

G.751 Ck 8448 kHz Tx

Framed data

8448 kbit/s Tx

Framed data 34368

kbit/s

Ck 34368 kHz Tx

DEMUX

8 –>2

G.742 B.E.

4x2 Mbit/s

Aggregate Ck

DEMUX

8 –>2

G.742 4x2 Mbit/s

DEMUX

8 –>2

G.742 4x2 Mbit/s

DEMUX

8 –>2

G.742 4x2 Mbit/s

MUX

34–>8

G.751 Ck 8448 kHz

Framed data

8448 kbit/s Tx

Framed data 34368

kbit/s

Ck 34368 kHz

(43)

Fig.24 - Line interface block diagram (Rx side)

f

o

e

di

s

r

ot

al

u

d

o

m

e

d

m

orf

e

c

af

r

et

ni

oi

d

ar

e

ht

E

B

X

U

M

E

D

2 x

4/

2 x

2/

2

2 x

6 1/

2 x

8

2. 8 .

gi

F

e

S

h

g

u

or

ht

5. 8 .

gi

F

e

d

o

C

r

et

r

e

v

n

o

c

e

d

o

C

r

et

r

e

v

n

o

c

2 x

n

s/t

i

b

M

(44)

Fig.25 - Radio interface block diagram el b a C e c af r et ni t n er r u cr e v O .t c et or p yl p p u s r e w o p et o m e R z H M 5. 5 M A Q D O M )t r a p FI ( z H M 0 3 3 C D C D m orf ( e m arf et a g er g g a ) e c af r et ni e nil f o I B yr ett a b V 8 4 – V/I t c et or p p et S n w o d V 6. 3 + V 5 – el b a C . zil a u q e M E D M A Q )t r a p FI ( Q &I z H M 5. 7 1 e c af r et ni e nil m orf e c af r et ni e nil ot A D yr e v o c er k C – k c ol r eir r a C – .tl if & . zil a u q E – n oi si c e D – . d o c e d . ffi D – P/ S – C R C si s yl a n a r e n gil a & C E F . s a e m R E B – . M. P – s et a mit x e R E B – R E B h gi H – R E B w o L – W E – e nil f o E B ot e c af r et ni n oi sr e v n o c P/ S – g ni d o c n e . ffi d – g nit al u d o m – r ot ar e n e g l a n gi s

(45)

Fig.26 - Main and peripheral controller connection

Fig.27 - IP/IPoverOSI protocol stack

r

ell

ort

n

o

c

ni

a

M

s/

b

k

8

3

s/t i b k 8 8 3

N

A

LB

S

Un

I

r

e

s

U

/

mr

al

A

t

u

O

r

e

s

U

K

S

F

m

e

d

o

m

K

S

F

m

e

d

o

m

U

D

O

C

O

E

s/t

i

b

k

8

3 r

ot

ar

e

n

e

g

r

e

vi

e

c

er

.

c

er/

n

e

g

l

ar

e

h

pir

e

P

r

ell

ort

n

o

c

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

SNMP

TCP/UDP

IP

IPoverOSI

IS–IS

ISO 10589

PPP

LLC

MAC

LAPD

Q921

LCC

MAC

USB

EOC

Ethernet

LAN

EOC

Ethernet

LAN

Applic./present.

session layers

Transport

layer

Routing

layer

Data link

layer

Physical

layer

(46)

Fig.28 - IDU loopback

X

U

M

p

o

ol

.

c

ol

.

bir

T

NI

.

bir

T

X

U

M

E

D

I

B

E

_B

D

O

M

T

U

O .

bir

T

.

m

er

.

bir

T

p

o

ol

M

E

D

U

DI

B

p

o

ol

FI

r

e

ni

b

m

o

c

U

DI

p

o

ol

(47)

9 DESCRIPTION OF THE INDOOR UNIT –

ETHER-NET INTERFACES

The indoor unit can be provided with Ethernet module. In this way the equipment has both 2 Mbit/s and Ethernet ports, and the bit rate assigned to Ethernet traffic is the nominal capacity of the radio minus en-abled tributaries.

Description that follows covers Ethernet signal treatment, 2 Mbit/s signal treatment has been described in previous chapter.

9.1 TREATMENT OF ETHERNET SIGNALS

In the place of V11 or (V28 + RS232) board it is possible to have Ethernet Module. In this way the IDU is equipped with the following interfaces:

• 3x electrical interface Ethernet 10/100 BaseT IEEE 802.3 • 16 E1 interfaces in ALC

• 32 E1 interfaces in ALC plus

• total capacity from 4 to 64 Mbit/s (ALC) or from 4 to 105 Mbit/s (ALC plus) Most important functions are:

• multiplexing of 2 Mbit/s tributaries • concatenation of 2 Mbit/s streams

• LAPS Link Access Procedure SDH (ITU X.86) for concatenated 2 Mbit/s • bridge/switch between a local LAN port and the radio LAN port • MAC switching

• MAC address learning • MAC address ageing

• Ethernet interface with autonegotiation 10/100, full duplex, half duplex - Ethernet interface with Flow Control, Back Pressure, MDI/MDX crossover • network segmentation into bridge

• virtual LAN as per IEEE 802.1q (anyone from 0 to 4095 VID for a maximum of 64 memory location) (see Fig.30)

• layer 2 QoS, priority management as per IEEE 802.1p (see Fig.30) • layer 3 ToS/DSCP (see Fig.33)

• packet forwarding

A block diagram of IDU with Ethernet module can be found into Fig.29.

In the IDU with Ethernet module there is a "switch" with 3 external ports and 1internal ports. External ports are electrical Ethernet 10/100BaseT interfaces placed on the front panel. Internal port is connected to radio side stream.

Ethernet traffic coming from external ports goes to internal port radio side. The radio side port is connected to streams group of concatenated 2 Mbit/s.

(48)

The concatenated 2 Mbit/s are assembled in a protocol called LAPS similar to HDLC.

In Tx side Ethernet traffic is packet into a protocol called LAPS similar to HDLC. The resulting stream is divided into the used number of 2 Mbit/s streams. The 2 Mbit/s streams are then multiplexed, together with 2 Mbit/s arriving from front panel, the resulting stream goes to the modulator, see Fig.29.

In Rx the stream arriving from the demodulator is divided into the 2 Mbit/s streams, then the 2 Mbit/s not used into the front panel 2 Mbit/s are concatenated and sent to Ethernet circuits. Resulting stream, after LAPS protocol control, is sent to switch internal port.

9.1.1 2 Mbit/s tributaries

Tributary channels at 2 Mbit/s (E1), connected to relevant connectors into front panel, are multiplexed as into standard IDU, see previous chapter.

From 0 to 16 tributaries can be selected to be used via SCT/LCT program, all the other available 2 Mbit/s are sent to switch internal port.

9.1.2 Electrical Ethernet interface

The electrical Ethernet/Fast Ethernet interfaces are type IEEE 802.3 10/100BaseT with RJ45 connector. For input or output signals at RJ45 please refer to User connection chapter. Cable can be UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) or STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) Category 5.

Standard coding:

• Ethernet 10 Mbit/s: Manchester

• Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit/s: MLT–3 ternary EMC/EMI protection:

• Input and output pins are galvanically isolated through a transformer • to reduce EMI every pin at RJ45 connector is terminated even if not used

• two signal lines are equipped with low capacity secondary protection to sustain residuals of possible electrostatic discharges (ESD).

With LCT/SCT program it is possible to activate autonegotiation (speed/duplex/flow control) on 10/100BaseT interface.

9.1.3 Front panel LEDs of Ethernet ports

There are 2 Leds for any Ethernet interface:

• DUPLEX: color green, On = full duplex, OFF = half duplex

• LINK/ACT: color green, ON = link up without activity, OFF = link down, BLINKING = link with activity on Rx and Tx.

9.1.4 Bridge/switch function

A radio link equipped with Ethernet module can operate like a bridge/switch between two or more sepa-rated LANs with the following advantags:

(49)

• to connect two separated LANs at a distance even greater than the maximum limits of 2.5 km (for Ethernet)

• to connect two LANs via radio within a complex digital network

• to keep separated the traffic into two LANs towards MAC filtering to get a total traffic greater than traffic in a single LAN.

The bridge realized into Ethernet module is a transparent bridge (IEEE 802.1 part D) into the same Vlan described by VLAN Configuration Table.

The bridge works at data link level, Layer 2 of OSI pile, and leave untouched Layer 3.

The bridge takes care to sendo traffic from a local LAN, to remote LAN. Routing is only on the basic of Level 2 addresses, sublevel MAC.

The operation of bridge is the following:

• when a bridge interface receives a MAC frame, the bridge on the basis of destination address, de-cides which LAN to send it

• if destination address is on originating LAN the frame is descarded

• if destination address is a known address (towards address learning procedure) and is present into local address table the frame is sent only on destintion LAN (MAC switching)

• otherwise the frame is sent to all ports with the same VLAN ID (flooding).

A bridge is very different from a repeater, which copies slavishly everything that receives from a line on all the others. The bridge, in fact, acquires a frame, analyzes it, reconstruct it and routes it. The bridge compensates also the different speeds of the interfaces, therefore an input can be at 100 Mbit/s and output at 10 Mbit/s.

The mechanism is the following:

• from the moment of its activation, the bridge examines all the frames that arrive it from different LANs, and on these basis it builds its routing tables progressively.

In fact, every received frame allows the bridge to know on what LAN the sending station is located (MAC address learning).

• every frame that arrives to the bridge is rebroadcasted:

- if the bridge has the destination address into the routing table, sends the frame only into the corresponding LAN

- otherwise the frame is sent to all the LANs except the originating (flooding)

- as soon as the bridge increases its knowledge of different machines, the retransmission becomes more and more selective (and therefore more efficient)

• the routing tables are updated every some minutes (programmable), removing addresses not alive in the last period (so, if a machine is moved, within a few minute it is addressed correctly) (MAC address ageing).

The whole process of bridging is restricted to the ports which are members of the same Vlan as described into Vlan Configuration Table.

9.1.5 Ethernet Full Duplex function

The first realizations of the Ethernet network were on coaxial cable with the 10Base5 standard.

According to this standard Ethernet interfaces (e.g. PC) are connected to the coaxial cable in parallel and are normally in receiving mode. Only one PC, at a certain time, transmits on the cable, the others are re-ceiving, so this is half duplex mode, and only one PC uses the recived message.

Then the coaxial cable was progressively replaced by the pairs cable Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) as per 10BaseT standard. Normally there are four pairs into UTP Cat5 cable but two pairs are used with 10BaseT, one for Tx one for Rx. Into 10Base5 and 10BaseT standards, network protocols are the same the difference lays into the electrical interface. UTP cable is connected point to point betwen a hub and a Ethernet inter-face. Network structure is a star where the server is connected to a hub and from this a UTP cable is laid down for each Ethernet interface starts.

(50)

The further step is to replace the hub with a more powerful equipment, e.g. a switch. In this case it is possible to activate transmission on both pairs at the same time, on one twisted pair for one direction, on the other pair for opposite direction. Thus we obtain full duplex transmission on UTP.

Activating full duplex transmission it is possible to obtain a theoretical increase of performance of nearly 100%. Full duplex mode can be activated into 10/100BaseT interfaces manually or with autonegotiation 100BaseFx operates always into full duplex mode.

9.1.6 Link Loss Forwarding

Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) is an alarm status of ethernet interface.

LLF can be enabled or disabled. If LLF is enabled an US radio alarm condition will generate the alarm status of Ethernet interface blocking any transmission to it. LLF can be enabled for each 3 ports at front panel. With LLF enabled the equipment connected (routers, switches so on) can be notified that radio link is not available and can temporarerly reroute the traffic.

9.1.7 MDI/MDIX cross–over

The Ethernet electrical interface can be defined by SCT program as MDI or MDIX to cross–over between pairs so that external cross–over cable is not required.

9.1.8 VLAN functionality

LIM Ethernet module works with IEEE 802.1q and 802.1p tag for VLANs and QoS see Fig.30.

The virtual LAN (VLAN) are logical separated subnets so that all the stations, into VLAN, seem to be into the same physical LAN segment even if they are geographically separated.

The VLAN are used to separate traffic on the same physical LAN too. Station operating on the same physical LAN but on different VLAN work in separated mode thus they do not share broadcast and multicast mes-sages. This results in a reduction of broadcast generated traffic and above all we get more security thanks to network separation.

Tag position and structure are shown into Fig.30. Tag is made up with:

• a fixed word of 2 bytes

• 3 bits for priority according 802.1p • 1 fixed bit

• 12 bits VLAN identifier (VLAN ID) according 802.1q.

Switch crossconnections are based on Vlan Configuration Table where input and output ports or only output ports should be defined for any used VID.

Vlan Configuration Table has 64 position for Vlan ID range from 1 to 4095.

9.1.9 Switch organized by port

For each input port it is possible to define where to route the incoming traffic; one or more of the 3 other ports can be Enabled to exit the incoming traffic. It is possible, also, to route back the incoming traffic into