Chapter 5.
Water Demands
This chapter includes a detailed summary of the assumptions and analyses to estimate the existing and projected water demands for the City. Water demands per capita in the City have decreased in the last decade from the demands of the previous decade. The reduction in water demand is primarily a result of conservation triggered by the extended drought in California from 2012 through 2016.
This chapter includes discussions on the following elements: Previous Demand Factors
Special Water Users Historical Water Usage
Recommended Water Demand Factors Peaking Factors
Summary of Projected Water Demands
5.1 Previous Demand Factors
Water demand is estimated for the City using water demand factors corresponding to land use designations. Two sets of demand factors are used: existing and growth. The existing demand factors are used to calculate the total existing water demand and the growth factors are applied to land use quantities designated in the City’s land use database for development. Table 5-1 is a summary of the existing and growth water demand factors previously used by the City. These factors were last evaluated in 2009 and used in the 2015 General Plan Draft EIR along with the land use projections prepared by the City Community Development Planning Division.
The Community Development Planning Division developed a parcel-based land use database that defines existing and potential buildout land uses for areas within the UGB. The database includes existing and buildout total number of DUs for each residential land use designation as well as existing and buildout total acreage for each non-residential land use designation. In addition, the database includes the total number of students enrolled in the various schools within the City. The existing land use totals (within the City Limits) from the December 2016 land use database are presented in Table 2-2 and include 34,093 residential DUs and approximately 7,409 acres of non-residential land uses.
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TABLE 5-1
SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS WATER DEMAND FACTORS
Land Use Land Use
Designation Unit
Water Demand Factors, GPD/unit Existing Growth Potable Irrigation Potable Irrigation Residential
Residential Estates RE du 680 0 600 0
Residential High Density RHD du 260 0 300 0
Residential Urban High Density RUHD du 210 0 250 0
Residential Low Density RLD du 380 0 520 0
Residential Low Medium Density RLMD du 340 0 420 0
Residential Medium Density RMD du 300 0 350 0
Residential Rural RR du 850 0 1,000 0
Retired SF Residential Ret SF du 300 0 350 0
Retired MF Residential Ret MF du 300 0 350 0
Manufactured Homes MH du 260 0 300 0
Mixed Use - unitsa MX du 0 0 300 0
Commercial Commercial Highway CH ac 4,750 450 5,350 450 Commercial Office CO ac 1,000 500 1,600 450 Medical Office MO ac 1,000 500 1,600 450 Commercial Service CS ac 1,400 400 1,650 450 Downtown D ac 3,900 100 3,900 100
Mixed Use - Areaa MX ac 0 0 1,650 450
Retail Service RS ac 1,000 400 1,600 450
Public
Church CH ac 1,500 400 2,300 450
Hospital HOS ac 3,900 400 3,900 400
Elementary School ESC stu or ac 25/stu 900/ac 35/stu 1,500/ac
High School HSC stu or ac 35/stu 900/ac 40/stu 1,500/ac
College COL stu or ac 35/stu 900/ac 40/stu 1,500/ac
Public Park PK ac 0 1,300 0 2,100 Park Recreational PR ac 100 1,500 170 2,500 Public Low PL ac 0 0 0 0 Public Medium PM ac 1,000 400 1,600 450 Public High PH ac 1,000 400 1,600 450 Industrial Industrial IND ac 1,200 400 2,000 450 Open Space
Landscape Buffer/Open Spaceb OS ac 0 0 0 0
Agricultureb AG ac 0 0 0 0
Hillside Agricultureb HIAG ac 0 0 0 0
a Mixed Use is a non-residential category. However, Mixed Use includes residential units. These residential units are included in
the Residential category, while non-residential acreage is included in the Non-Residential category.
5.2 Special Water Users
Table 2-2 includes the non-residential land use quantities for the existing special water users within the City. The special water users include: 1) Kaiser Permanente; 2) Genentech; 3) ALZA Corporation; and 4) CDC Prison – Solano. These special water users provide specialty services and/or have executed development agreements with the City. The agreements for these special water users typically include limits on total water demand. The water demands from these special water users are calculated separately and included in the overall demand estimate for the City. Following is a discussion of each of the special water users.
Kaiser Permanente is a medical center facility located at 1 Quality Drive. In 1993, the City entered a development agreement with Kaiser Foundation Hospitals. The agreement was further amended in February 2005. The City of Vacaville Ordinance No. 1736 [14] approved February 2005 confirms the City will provide water for the development of 780,000 SF of hospital, medical office building, related facilities, and infrastructure on the approximately 50 acre site. Development includes six medical office buildings on approximately 398,000 SF, a central utility building or buildings of approximately 42,000 SF, and a hospital of approximately 340,000 SF with 174 beds (per agreement square footage may be reallocated to a maximum of 200 beds). The City agreed to reserve a maximum water capacity of 182,000 gallons per day (gpd) average day water demand and 364,000 gpd maximum day demand.
Genentech is a research-based pharmaceutical company. This facility is located at 1000 New Horizons Way and consists of manufacturing, office, laboratory, and
warehouse space. The facility includes Parcel 1 (approximately 65.4 acres) which is the area north of Horse Creek and Parcel 2 (approximately 31.9 acres) which is the parcel immediately south of Horse Creek. In 1995, the City executed a development agreement with Genentech, Inc. The agreement was further amended in May 2005 [15]. According to the development agreement, the total water capacity for Genentech Parcel 1 is not to exceed 1.6 mgd with a maximum daily peaking factor of 2.0 (maximum day demand of 3.2 mgd). The development agreement does not include specific allocation of demand for Genentech Parcel 2. For purposes of this 2018 Master Plan, Parcel 2 is classified as industrial land use and a demand factor of 2,450 gpd/ac is assumed for the 31.9 acres. Janssen is a research-based pharmaceutical company that is currently in operation as a
subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. This facility is located at 700 Eubanks Drive. An average day demand factor of 4,510 gpd/ac is assumed for this special user. This demand factor closely matches the 2015 water consumption totals for this special user.
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Prison, Solano (CDCR
Prison – Solano) is a male-only state prison located at 2100 Peabody Road, in the
southwest sector of the City, adjacent to the California Medical Facility (CMF). The CMF is a male-only state prison medical facility located at 1600 California Drive. In 2000, the City executed a Joint Powers Agreement with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation [16] to continue providing domestic water service to both
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facilities (CDCR Prison – Solano and CMF). The City agreed to reserve an annual water supply limit of 560 ac-ft/yr and a daily delivery limit of 1.0 mgd (maximum day
demand). Theinstitution is comprised of four separate, semi-autonomous facilities, a 125 bed Administrative Segregation Unit, and a 16 bed Correctional Treatment Center.
Table 5-2 is a summary of the existing and buildout water demand estimate from the special users. The existing estimated special users total demand is approximately 1.34 mgd. At buildout the estimated special users total demand is approximately 2.42 mgd.
TABLE 5-2
SUMMARY OF EXISTING AND BUILDOUT WATER DEMANDS FROM SPECIAL USERS
Special Water Users Units Quantity Demand, GPD Existing Buildout Kaiser Permanente ac 48.0 182,000a 182,000a Genentech - Parcel 1 ac 65.4 600,000b 1,600,000c Genentech - Parcel 2 ac 31.9 0 78,155d Janssen ac 12.8 57,728e 57,728e CDCR Prison-Solano/CMF ac 372.1 500,000f 500,000f TOTAL ac 530.2 1,339,728 2,417,883
a Based on Ordinance No. 1736, February 15, 2005.
b Based on the 2015 average day consumption information received from City.
c Based on the Third Amendment to Development Agreement by and among the City of Vacaville, The
Redevelopment Agency of the City of Vacaville and Genentech, Inc., May 2005.
d Based on industrial land use and 2,450 gpd/ac.
e Based on the 2015 average day consumption information received from City (4,510 gpd/ac). f Based on Joint Powers Agreement between the City and CDC, June 1, 2000.
5.3 Historical Water Usage
The City is fully metered, which means consumption data are available from metered accounts. Table 5-3 includes metered consumption data from the last ten calendar years (2005 through 2015). Similarly, Table 5-4 includes the water production and delivery totals from the last ten calendar years (2005 through 2015).
TABLE 5-3
WATER CONSUMPTION TOTALS 2005 TO 2015
Year
Consumption Totals
Unitsa Gallons GPD MGD ac-ft/yr
2005 6,617,500 4,949,890,000 16,176,111 16.18 18,123 2007b 7,865,408 5,883,325,184 16,118,699 16.12 18,056 2008 8,110,231 6,066,452,788 16,575,008 16.58 18,571 2009 7,203,035 5,387,870,180 14,761,288 14.76 16,533 2010 6,613,818 4,947,135,864 13,553,797 13.55 15,177 2011 6,395,949 4,784,169,852 13,107,315 13.11 14,685 2012 6,790,099 5,078,994,052 13,877,033 13.88 15,547 2013 7,327,944 5,481,302,112 15,017,266 15.02 16,824 2014 6,523,432 4,879,527,136 13,368,567 13.37 14,976 2015 5,477,126 4,096,890,248 11,224,357 11.22 12,568 a Unit = 748 gallons
b Data not available for 2006
TABLE 5-4
ANNUAL AVERAGE WATER PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY TOTALS 2005 TO 2015
Year
Annual Production Totals
Total Production, MG Storage Tank Delivery, MG Total Production/ Delivery, MG Annual Average Day Demand, MGD Wells, MG DE Plant, MG NBR Plant, MG 2005 2,177 446 3,238 5,860 3.14 5,863 16.06 2006 2,162 570 3,314 6,046 2.07 6,048 16.57 2007 2,154 625 3,521 6,301 (1.97) 6,299 17.26 2008 1,885 739 3,695 6,318 2.59 6,321 17.27 2009 1,514 633 3,617 5,764 (5.09) 5,759 15.78 2010 1,647 536 3,135 5,317 5.50 5,323 14.58 2011 1,645 496 3,095 5,236 (4.14) 5,232 14.33 2012 1,675 438 3,408 5,521 12.44 5,533 15.12 2013 1,706 628 3,726 6,060 1.85 6,062 16.61 2014 1,742 539 2,873 5,154 (5.59) 5,148 14.10 2015 1,702 398 2,203 4,303 (1.01) 4,302 11.79
As shown in Table 5-4, the actual water demand for the City in 2015 was 11.79 mgd, but the actual water consumption by users in 2015 according to metered records was 11.22 mgd (see Table 5-3). The difference between the water demand from production records and total consumption water demand is approximately 5%. This difference is representative of the total “unaccounted for water” or “non-revenue water.” The “unaccounted for water” could include
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water used by the City for flushing water mains, unmetered fire flow tests, and unmetered construction water connections. In 2013, the City replaced over 14,000 conventional water meters to automatic meter read (AMR) meters for residential customers which improved accuracy of consumption data and reduced the amount of unaccounted for water loss. The historical water consumption and production for the last ten years is summarized in Table 5-5. As noted in the table, the average annual water consumed for years 2005-2008 was significantly higher than the average annual consumption for years 2009-2015. The drop in consumption is likely due to several factors, including drought conditions, water conservation efforts, water rate increase, and a declining economy. Some of the water use reduction trends may revert back to previous habits, but some adjustments established permanent change. The state of California adopted SBx7-7 in 2009 with a goal of reducing municipal water use by 20% by the year 2020. The bill established criteria to determine the baseline value using the ten-year average of annual per capita water use ending in a given year.
TABLE 5-5
DEMAND COMPARISON (CONSUMPTION VS PRODUCTION) 2005 TO 2015
Year Demand, mgd Consumption Production/ Delivery Average 2005 16.18 16.06 16.12 2006a - 16.57 16.57 2007 16.12 17.26 16.69 2008 16.58 17.27 16.93 2009 14.76 15.78 15.27 2010 13.55 14.58 14.07 2011 13.11 14.33 13.72 2012 13.88 15.12 14.50 2013 15.02 16.61 15.81 2014 13.37 14.10 13.74 2015 11.22 11.79 11.50
a Consumption data for 2006 was incomplete (did not include several months of
the year).
Highlighted data selected to estimate existing average day demand of 13.8 mgd.
The average demand presented in Table 5-5 for 2005 through 2015 is graphically represented below along with the trend line. The lower water demands since 2010 confirms that there is a negative slope trend to the water demand and combined with the SBx7-7 requirements further reductions in demand are expected by 2020. The average of the demands from 2010 through 2015 is approximately 13.8 mgd. For purposes of this Water Master Plan, the 2016 average day water demand is approximately 13.8 mgd.
5.4 Recommended Water Demand Factors
The estimated existing average day demand using the December 2016 land use database with the previous demand factors (18.9 mgd) is 37% greater than the five-year average demand
(13.8 mgd). The accepted standard for demand calibration accuracy between estimated demand and observed demand for master planning purposes is 10% or less. For this calibration metric, a reduction in demand factors is appropriate.
Existing City limits land use quantities are summarized in Table 2-1 with approximately 34,903 residential dwelling units. From this table, the RLD designation (or single family
category) is over 51% of the total existing residential land uses with 17,857 dwelling units. This implies that the RLD land use water demand factor would have the greatest impact on the overall residential estimated water demand. The existing 34,093 residential units cover approximately 5,023 acres.
Similarly, in the non-residential category, Retail Service (RS - 503.70 acres) and Industrial (IND - 606.32 acres) account for approximately 70% of the non-residential (not including institutional, public, and agriculture) land uses.
Monthly water meter data were made available by the City for 2007 through 2015 to use in the analysis of water consumption. Figure 5-1 is a summary of the total water demand
(consumption) in 2007 through 2015 for the various categories (residential, multi-family, commercial, institutional, and industrial). It is evident from the results presented in Figure 5-1 that there is a reducing trend in demand for all land uses within the City.
For example, in 2011 the total water consumption from 13,680 single family residential accounts (RLD) totaled 1,630.2 million gallons with an average day demand of approximately
326 gpd/account. This represents approximately a 20% reduction from the current demand factor for RLD land use as presented in Table 5-1. This reduction is consistent with the water demand trend line from 2007 to 2015 over the last 8 years which can be attributed to the water
conservation legislation that has implemented permanent changes through building codes, landscape requirements, and public outreach. A similar trend can be found in commercial, institutional, and industrial demands.
Based on this analysis, it is recommended to reduce water demand factors presented in Table 5-1 by 20% to account for long-term water conservation.
Table 5-6 is a summary of the estimated existing water demand using the December 2016 land use database with existing land use quantities and applying a 20% reduction to previous demand factors. As shown in Table 5-6, the estimated existing average day demand is approximately 14.62 mgd. When compared to the existing average day water demand from consumption or production totals (13.8 mgd, discussed in Section 5.3), the estimated demand is well within the accepted standard for master planning purposes (10% difference).
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TABLE 5-6
ESTIMATED EXISTING WATER DEMAND WITH 20% REDUCTION IN PREVIOUS DEMAND FACTORS
Land Use Designation Units Quantitya Students Factor, GPD/unit
b Demand, GPD
Potable Irrigation Potable Irrigation Total
Residential
Residential Estates RE du 1,113 0 545 0 606,585 0 606,585
Residential High Density RHD du 6,049 0 210 0 1,270,290 0 1,270,290
Residential Urban High
Density RUHD du 0 0 170 0 0 0 0
Residential Low Density RLD du 17,857 0 305 0 5,446,385 0 5,446,385
Residential Low Medium
Density RLMD du 3,820 0 270 0 1,031,400 0 1,031,400
Residential Medium Density RMD du 1,357 0 240 0 325,680 0 325,680
Residential Rural RR du 52 0 680 0 35,360 0 35,360
Retired Single Family
Residential Ret SF du 1,678 0 240 0 402,720 0 402,720
Retired Multiple Family
Residential Ret MF du 1,029 0 240 0 246,960 0 246,960
Manufactured Homes MH du 1,138 0 210 0 238,980 0 238,980
Mixed Use - unitsc MX du 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Subtotal - Residential du 34,093 0 9,604,360 0 9,604,360 Non-Residential Commercial Highway CH ac 88.86 0 3,800 360 337,672 31,990 369,662 Commercial Office CO ac 79.76 0 800 400 63,809 31,904 95,713 Medical Office MO ac 23.42 0 800 400 18,734 9,367 28,101 Commercial Service CS ac 65.34 0 1,120 320 73,715 20,907 94,083 Downtown D ac 22.37 0 3,120 80 69,788 1,789 71,577
Mixed Use - Areac MX ac 0.00 0 800 320 0 0 0
Retail Service RS ac 503.70 0 800 320 402,961 161,184 564,145
Church CH ac 87.62 0 1,200 320 105,139 28,037 133,176
Hospital HOS ac 33.84 0 3,120 320 105,590 10,830 116,419
Industrial IND ac 527.35 0 960 320 506,254 168,751 675,006
Elementary School - Area ESC ac 210.60 - - 720 - 151,631 151,631
Elementary School - Students ESC stu - 11,971 20 - 239,420 - 239,420
High School – Area HSC ac 91.31 - - 720 - 65,744 65,744
High School – Students HSC stu - 4,063 30 - 121,890 - 121,890
College – Area COL ac 10.00 - - 720 - 7,200 7,200
College – Students COL stu - 2,087 30 - 62,610 - 62,610
Public Park PK ac 464.15 0 0 1,040 0 482,718 482,718
Private Recreation PR ac 199.37 0 80 1,200 15,949 239,238 255,187
Public Low PL ac 890.64 0 0 0 0 0 0
Public Medium PM ac 106.91 0 800 320 85,527 34,211 119,738
Public High PH ac 16.55 0 800 320 13,236 5,295 18,531
Public Open Space OS ac 1,795.51 0 0 0 0 0 0
Miscellaneous MISC ac 84.96 0 0 0 0 0 0
Landscape Buffer BUFF ac 4.66 0 0 0 0 0 0
Agriculture AG ac 1,534.75 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hillside Agriculture HIAG ac 39.77 0 0 0 0 0 0
Subtotal - Non-Residential ac 6,881.43 18,121 2,221,754 1,450,797 3,672,552
Total - Residential and Non-Residential 11,826,114 1,450,797 13,276,912
Total - Special Usersd - - 1,339,728
TOTAL - ESTIMATED EXISTING WATER DEMAND 11,826,114 1,450,797 14,616,640
a Quantities are values from Table 2-1 minus Special User quantities from Table 5-2. b Factors from Table 5-1 reduced 20% and rounded to nearest 5 or 10.
c Mixed Use is a non-residential category. However, Mixed Use includes residential units. These residential units are included in the
Residential category, while non-residential acreage is included in the Non-Residential category.
The anticipated growth at buildout is summarized in Table 2-2 with approximately
14,166 residential dwelling units and approximately 3,609 acres of non-residential land uses (excluding public open space, miscellaneous, landscape buffer, agriculture, and hillside agriculture land uses). This represents a 40% increase in residential dwelling units and 83% increase in non-residential land uses. The City anticipates water users to continue to make reductions in their total water demand as a result of further water conservation practices and continued conservation mandates for new buildings.
When estimating projections in future water demand, it is prudent that the water demand factors for future growth include a contingency. The contingency would reflect uncertainties in
projecting future land use and generation rates for undeveloped land, as well as a difference in the nature of development versus existing within a given land use category. For purposes of this Master Plan, it is recommended to increase the existing water demand factors presented in Table 5-6 by 10% and apply the increased factors only to the growth land use quantities.
Table 5-7 is a summary of the proposed existing and growth water demand factors for this 2018 Master Plan. Table 5-8 is a summary of the estimated growth and buildout water demand using the proposed demand factors included in Table 5-7. As detailed in Table 5-8, the total buildout demand is projected at 25.29 mgd.
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TABLE 5-7
RECOMMENDED EXISTING AND GROWTH WATER DEMAND FACTORS
Land Use Land Use
Designation Unit
Water Demand Factors, GPD/unit Existinga Growthb
Potable Irrigation Potable Irrigation Residential
Residential Estates RE du 545 0 600 0
Residential High Density RHD du 210 0 230 0
Residential Urban High Density RUHD du 170 0 185 0
Residential Low Density RLD du 305 0 335 0
Residential Low Medium Density RLMD du 270 0 295 0
Residential Medium Density RMD du 240 0 265 0
Residential Rural RR du 680 0 750 0
Retired Single Family Residential Ret SF du 240 0 265 0
Retired Multiple Family Residential Ret MF du 240 0 265 0
Manufactured Homes MH du 210 0 230 0
Mixed Use - unitsc MX du 0 0 300 0
Non-Residential Commercial Highway CH ac 3,800 360 4,180 430 Commercial Office CO ac 800 400 880 480 Medical Office MO ac 800 400 880 480 Commercial Service CS ac 1,120 320 1,230 385 Downtown D ac 3,120 80 3,430 95
Mixed Use - Areac MX ac 800 320 880 385
Retail Service RS ac 800 320 880 385
Church CH ac 1,200 320 1,320 385
Hospital HOS ac 3,120 320 3,430 385
Industrial IND ac 960 320 1,055 385
Elementary School - Area ESC ac - 720 - 865
Elementary School - Students ESC stu 20 - 20 -
High School – Area HSC ac 0 720 0 865
High School - Students HSC stu 30 - 35 -
College – Area COL ac 0 720 - 865
College – Students COL stu 30 - 35 -
Public Park PK ac 0 1,040 0 1,250
Private Recreation PR ac 80 1,200 90 1,440
Public Low PL ac 0 0 0 0
Public Medium PM ac 800 320 880 385
Public High PH ac 800 320 880 385
Public Open Space OS ac 0 0 0 0
Miscellaneous MISC ac 0 0 0 0
Landscape Buffer BUFF ac 0 0 0 0
Agriculture AG ac 0 0 0 0
Hillside Agriculture HIAG ac 0 0 0 0
a Factors from Table 5-6.
b Factors from Table 5-6 increased 10% and rounded to nearest 5 or 10.
c Mixed Use is a non-residential category. However, Mixed Use includes residential units. These residential units are
TABLE 5-8
ESTIMATED BUILDOUT AND GROWTH DEMANDS WITH RECOMMENDED DEMAND FACTORS
Land Use Designation Units
Growtha Factor, GPD/unitb Growth Demand, GPD Total
Buildout Demand,
GPDd
Quantity Students Potable Irrigation Potable Irrigation Total
Residential
Residential Estates RE du 1,571 - 600 0 942,600 0 942,600 1,549,185
Residential High Density RHD du 2,632 - 230 0 605,360 0 605,360 1,875,650
Residential Urban High Density RUHD du 15 - 185 0 2,775 0 2,775 2,775
Residential Low Density RLD du 4,413 - 335 0 1,478,355 0 1,478,355 6,924,740
Residential Low Medium Density RLMD du 2,421 - 295 0 714,195 0 714,195 1,745,595
Residential Medium Density RMD du 1,330 - 265 0 352,450 0 352,450 678,130
Residential Rural RR du 171 - 680 0 128,250 0 128,250 163,610
Retired Single Family Residential Ret SF du 5 - 265 0 1,325 0 1,325 404,045
Retired Multiple Family
Residential Ret MF du 78 - 265 0 20,670 0 20,670 267,630
Manufactured Homes MH du -30 - 210 0 -6,300 0 -6,300 232,680
Mixed Use - unitsc MX du 1,560 - 300 0 468,000 0 468,000 468.000
Subtotal - Residential du 14,166 0 4,707,680 0 4,707,680 14,312,040 Non-Residential Commercial Highway CH ac 146.43 0 4,180 430 612,090 62,966 675,056 1,044,718 Commercial Office CO ac 169.37 0 880 480 149,050 81,300 230,350 326,063 Medical Office MO ac -1.41 0 800 400 -1,127 -563 -1,690 26,411 Commercial Service CS ac 45.30 0 1,230 385 55,725 17,442 73,167 167,250 Downtown D ac 2.22 0 3,430 95 7,615 211 7,826 79,403
Mixed Use - Areac MX ac 72.42 0 880 385 63,731 27,882 91,614 91,614
Retail Service RS ac 435.66 0 880 385 383,380 167,729 551,109 1,115,254
Church CH ac 86.42 0 1,320 385 114,080 33,273 147,353 280,529
Hospital HOS ac 12.67 0 3,430 385 43,459 4,878 48,337 164,756
Industrial IND ac 1,315.03 0 1,055 385 1,387,360 506,288 1,893,647 2,568,653
Elementary School - Area ESC ac 83.44 0 - 865 0 72,179 72,179 223,810
Elementary School - Students ESC stu 0.00 596 20 0 11,920 - 11,920 251,340
High School - Area HSC ac 51.17 0 - 865 0 44,264 44,264 110,009
High School - Students HSC stu 0.00 700 35 0 24,500 - 24,500 146,390
College - Area COL ac 43.54 0 - 865 0 37,662 37,662 44,862
College – Students COL stu - 3,913 35 - 136,955 - 136,955 199,565
Public Park PK ac 577.45 0 0 1,250 0 721,818 721,818 1,204,536
Private Recreation PR ac 52.99 0 90 1,440 4,769 76,300 81,068 336,256
Public Low PL ac 318.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Public Medium PM ac 31.36 0 880 385 27,596 12,073 39,669 159,407
Public High PH ac 1.93 0 880 385 1,701 744 2,444 20,976
Public Open Space OS ac 927.43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Miscellaneous MISC ac 56.12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Landscape Buffer BUFF ac 115.51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Agriculture AG ac -1,298.09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hillside Agriculture HIAG ac 877.40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Subtotal - Non-Residential ac 4,122.45 5,209 3,022,803 1,866,446 4,889,249 8,561,801
Total - Residential and Non-Residential 7,730,483 1,866,446 9,596,929 22,873,841
Total - Special Userse 1,078,155 2,417,883
TOTAL - ESTIMATED WATER DEMAND 7,730,483 1,866,446 10,675,084 25,291,724
a Quantities are values from Table 2-2 minus Special User quantities from Table 5-2. b Factors from Table 5-7.
c Mixed Use is a non-residential category. However, Mixed Use includes residential units. These residential units are included in the
Residential category, while non-residential acreage is included in the Non-Residential category.
d Existing Demand (Table 5-6) + Growth Demand. e From Table 5-2.
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5.5 Peaking Factors
Important characteristics of water demand include annual, monthly, average day, maximum day, and peak hour. Table 5-9 is a summary of the monthly water production data for the City for 2005 through 2015. It is apparent from Table 5-10 that monthly demands vary significantly seasonally in the City. Typically, the maximum month has a demand approximately 50% greater than the monthly average.
TABLE 5-9
MONTHLY PRODUCTION TOTALS 2005-2015
Month Production, MGa 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Average January 263.3 284.8 311.4 280.2 277.5 243.9 256.4 289.1 270.6 331.3 254.1 278.4 February 229.8 265.3 262.5 266.2 253.9 225.5 233.5 275.5 293.5 228.0 241.2 252.3 March 293.6 268.7 381.9 381.8 315.9 288.7 277.9 296.6 403.7 297.8 347.9 323.1 April 391.1 296.5 483.6 532.3 448.4 313.7 364.3 330.8 464.0 347.0 357.4 393.6 May 510.8 613.3 632.5 655.0 557.1 485.3 513.4 571.9 631.8 525.0 419.6 556.0 June 637.9 709.8 736.2 736.3 653.8 635.9 537.9 659.0 686.4 634.2 439.1 642.4 July 787.9 838.5 821.4 780.9 768.2 744.9 680.7 715.8 748.1 648.4 459.2 726.7 August 804.6 795.1 801.4 785.5 735.0 715.0 680.3 713.8 716.8 601.2 444.7 708.5 September 667.4 690.5 663.3 687.6 664.3 624.2 621.3 619.8 616.5 518.2 425.1 618.0 October 578.5 581.5 490.3 575.3 458.4 490.0 458.9 484.8 523.5 467.4 402.5 501.0 November 397.2 380.2 400.6 348.4 359.1 296.8 313.4 312.9 393.2 306.0 276.2 344.0 December 298.2 321.9 315.3 288.8 272.7 253.3 297.9 250.7 312.0 249.3 235.4 281.4 Total 5,860.4 6,046.1 6,300.5 6,318.3 5,764.2 5,317.3 5,235.8 5,520.8 6,060.1 5,153.9 4,302.6 5,625.5 a Monthly water production data from 2005 through 2015.
Maximum day demands are critical in sizing certain water system facilities. The City’s previous water demand peaking factors were as follows:
Maximum day demand = 2.0 x average day demand Peak hour demand = 3.5 x average day demand
Table 5-10 is a summary of the maximum day demands experienced by the City since 2005 along with the production system demand and estimated maximum day demand peaking factors. The maximum day demand peaking factor from 2005 to 2015 was as low as 1.47 (Year 2015) to as high as 1.86 (Year 2010). Based on the figure included below Table 5-10, the trend of the maximum day demand peaking factor is declining. The average of the PF from 2005 through 2015 is 1.7. It is evident from Table 5-10, that the City has not experienced a maximum day demand that is 2.0 times the average day since 2005. Thus, it is recommended that the maximum day demand peaking factor be reduced to 1.70.
Peak hour demands are also important in sizing certain facilities. However, less data is available for determination of peak hourly flow than for peak day flow. For planning and design purposes a peak hour factor of 3.5 (industry standard) is recommended for consideration in evaluating distribution system performance.
TABLE 5-10
SUMMARY OF MAXIMUM DAY PEAKING FACTORS FOR 2005-2015
Year Demand, MGD Peaking Factor Average Daya Maximum Dayb 2005 16.06 28.50 1.77 2006 16.57 29.80 1.80 2007 17.26 29.30 1.70 2008 17.27 29.00 1.68 2009 15.78 27.40 1.74 2010 14.58 27.10 1.86 2011 14.33 24.50 1.71 2012 15.12 25.90 1.71 2013 16.61 26.20 1.58 2014 14.10 23.50 1.67 2015 11.79 17.30 1.47 Average 15.41 26.23 1.70 a Source: Table 5-5.
Chapter 5
Water Demands
2018 Water Master Plan 5–16 226215-00008.02
April 2018 (Final Draft)
5.6 Summary of Projected Demands
Table 5-11 is a summary of the existing and buildout average day, maximum day, and peak hour demand estimates. The 2016 estimated existing average day demand is 14.62 mgd and maximum day demand is approximately 24.85 mgd. The projected buildout average day demand is
25.29 mgd and the maximum day demand is approximately 42.99 mgd.
TABLE 5-11
SUMMARY OF EXISTING AND BUILDOUT WATER DEMANDS
Condition
Demand, MGD
Average Daya Maximum Dayb Peak Hourc
Existing 14.62 24.85 51.17
Buildout 25.29 42.99 88.52
a Source: Table 5-6 and Table 5-10. b Average Day x 1.70.
