CYME 72 Protection User Guide En

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CYME 7.2 - Protective Device

Analysis - Users Guide

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 Copyright CYME International T&D Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of CYME International T&D.

Possession or use of the CYME software described in this publication is authorized only pursuant to a valid written license agreement from CYME.

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merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, regarding these materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis.

CYME International T&D reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it sees fit. The information in this manual is subject to modification without notice.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, CYME assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

CYME International T&D Inc. 1485 Roberval, Suite 104 St. Bruno QC J3V 3P8 Canada

Tel.: (450) 461-3655 Fax: (450) 461-0966

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Other Trademarks: The names of all products and services other than CYME’s mentioned in this document are the trademarks or trade names of the respective owners.

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CYME 7.2 - Protective Device Analysis - Users Guide

1 – Introduction

The Protective Device Analysis module encompasses a series of different simulations to help engineers make the right selection of protective devices and to properly adjust their settings such that the impact caused by any short-circuit or equipment failure is minimized. This module is a powerful tool that can help engineers design and verify their protection scheme, and to address different coordination issues in any power system network.

The Protective Device Analysis module allows to:

 Generate time-current curve plots using any of the 15000 devices available in the library

 Plot curves on standard Keuffel & Esser log-log forms, or on plain paper

 Measure coordination margins and change device settings

 Verify protective device’s reach, loading and coordination

 Run specialized analysis to verify minimum fault protection.

 Determine operating time and state of protective devices at any given fault on the network with the Sequence of Operations analysis

 Export one-line diagram and time-current curve plots to files for inclusion in reports

 Customize plots settings, such as current scale, plotting voltage, title block, curve display and colors, and device identification

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2 – Setting up Protective Devices

Using a protective device in the network involves two steps:

 Creating the equipment in the equipment database such that it is available to be used on any section of the network.

 Placing the equipment on a network section and adjusting its settings. The customized settings are specific to the device on that particular section.

For the creation of an equipment in the equipment database, please refer to the Equipment Reference Manual. The following sections will explain the different settings of various protective devices.

Creating the Protective Device in the Equipment

Database

Proper TCC settings are required for each protective device before any analysis can be performed.

To access the TCC Settings of a device, right-click on the device on the one-line diagram and select TCC > Adjust Device Settings in the contextual menu. If TCC settings have not been created, the command would be Create Device Settings instead.

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It is also possible to access the TCC Settings of a device through its Section Properties. To do so, double-click on the device to access the Section Properties dialog box, select the device from the tree list of the Devices group box and click on the button. Here below is an example with a recloser.

Depending on the type of equipment, different TCC settings are required. These settings are categorized into a tree list at the left hand side of the TCC Settings dialog box. Common categories include:

 General Settings

 Clipping

 Coordination Curves

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CYME 7.2 - Protective Device Analysis - Users Guide The following sections will start by explaining the common tabs for all devices, and will then explain the settings particular to each device.

Please note that when the TCC Settings dialog box is accessed from the one-line diagram or the Section Properties dialog box, it shows the settings of the device (See Creating the Protective Device in the Equipment Database). When the TCC Settings dialog box is accessed from a TCC view, it also shows the display settings of the device (See Device Curve Display Options).

Common Settings

Clipping

In the Clipping tab, it is possible to set the upper and/or lower current limit beyond which the device’s curve will not be displayed. Select Short-Circuit and choose to use the maximum or minimum short circuit current as the limits, or select User Defined to customize the limits. Select None if no clipping is desired.

Coordination Curves

In the Coordination Curves tab, it is possible to choose to display additional curves which take into account of variations in the device’s operating characteristics.

First choose which additional curve to be shown by enabling its Show Curve checkbox. Apply a current multiplier (CM), a current adder (CA), a time multiplier (TM) and/or a time adder (TA) to the curve. A current multiplier (CM) shifts the curve horizontally (current axis) in order to simulate a smaller or greater pick up value. A current adder (CA) adjusts the curve by using a margin in current (A). A time multiplier (TM) shifts the curve vertically (time axis) in order to make the curve operate slower or faster. A time adder

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Short-Circuit Currents & FLC

In the Short-Circuit Currents & FLC tab, one would find other useful information about the device. The tab displays the curve number, curve description short-circuit currents, full load current and operating voltage. For the short-circuit currents, the maximum and minimum fault currents of the protective zone of the device are listed. If the network studied is looped or has any distributed generation, then the minimum and maximum fault current for each fault type would be equal.

Please note that the circuit currents and full-load current fields are only available after running a short-circuit analysis and a load flow analysis, respectively. A Branch Device Coordination operation would also make such information available. For more information, read chapter Branch Device Coordination.

Save in Repository

The button is only available when the user is in database mode. Clicking the “Save in Repository” button saves the device with TCC settings as per set in the TCC Settings dialog box into the Repository database for easy device creation via drag and drop.

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Fuse

General Settings

The General Settings tab includes a title block which displays informational description of the fuse on the network section. Information such as Manufacturer, Model and Rating as selected in the Equipment menu is displayed.

Show Melting Curve

Enable this option to display the melting curve on the Time-Current plot.

Show Clearing Curve

Enable this option to display the clearing curve on the Time-Current plot.

Fuse in Parallel Enable this option to display the curve of two identical fuses of the selected type, connected together in parallel to function as one fuse.

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Vista Overcurrent Control

The Vista Overcurrent Control tab is specific to S&C Vista fuses.

Definite Time Delay

Enable this option to enable the use of a Definite Time Delay curve.

Once this option is checked, choose the Definite Time curve to be used from the drop-down menu.

Instantaneous Trip Settings

Enable the checkbox Instantaneous if an Instantaneous setting is available for the fuse. Enter the instantaneous trip current in kA beyond which the curve will be a horizontal line.

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VFI Adjustment

Settings in the VFI Adjustment tab which allow the curve to shift. These settings are applicable to devices with VFI (Vacuum Fault Interrupter) control.

Constant Time Adder

Enter a time (in seconds) by which the curve will be shifted upwards.

Time Multiplier Enter a multiplier to shift the curve upward if it is greater than 1.0 or downwards if it is less than 1.0.

Min. Response Time

Enter the minimum response time (in seconds) to prevent tripping until the specified time has elapsed.

Instantaneous Multiplier

Enter a multiplier value to be applied to the instantaneous part of the curve.

Inrush Multiplier Enter a multiplier value to be applied to the inrush part of the curve to increase the minimum trip value for the duration of the inrush. Inrush Time

Adder

Enter the inrush time adder (in seconds) to shift the inrush portion of the curve upwards by the number of seconds specified

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Recloser

Five types of reclosers can be available to be installed on the network diagram when the equipment is created via the Equipment menu. The types include:

 Single-Phase (Electronic, Cooper hydraulic, Hydraulic Lexington)

 Hydraulic Three-Phase

 Electronic (A.B. Chance, ABB, Cooper 3A, General Electric, Josyln Powermax 100, Lexington, Padmount, Westinghouse)

 Electronic with TCC Setup (ABB PCD 2000, ABB PCD OCR ANSI, ABB PCD OCR IEC, ABB PCD OCR RECL, ABB RER620, Arteche, Cooper Form 4A. Cooper Form 4C, Cooper Form 5, Cooper Form 5/TS, Cooper Form 6, Cooper Form 6/TS, Cooper Form FX, Cooper Form FXA, Cooper Form FXB, Elastimold Switchgear V2, ENTEC ETR-300R, ENTECENE EVRC2A-N, G&W Type 3.1 VI+, Hubell Versa-Tech, Jinkwang, Joslyn 351J, Joslyn VBM, NOJA Power, S&C Trip Saver II, Schneider, Schneider-Electric, Schweitzer 351R, Schweitzer 351RS, Schweitzer 651R, ShinShung, Siemens Centurion, W&B Polar)

 IntelliRupter® (S&C)

The sections below will first present the General tab and the Sequence tab, common to all reclosers and then present the tabs which are particular to each of recloser types.

General Settings

The General Settings tab includes a title block which displays informational description of the recloser on the network section. For the recloser, the type, control type and model as selected in the Equipment menu are displayed.

Sequence

In the Sequence tab, one can choose to draw an additional line which takes into account of the K-Factor or the Cumulative Sequences.

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CYME 7.2 - Protective Device Analysis - Users Guide Referring to the Cooper Power Systems’ Electrical Distribution System Protection, the K-Factor option is used to draw an additional curve:

 If there is a fuse upstream of the recloser, choose Source. The time values of the recloser’s “slow” curve are multiplied by the K-factor. See the table below.

 If there is a fuse downstream of the recloser, choose Load. The time values of the recloser’s “fast” curve are multiplied by the K-factor. See the table below.

 In both cases, the intersection of the modified curve and the minimum-melt curve of the fuse determines the maximum coordinating current.

Reclosing Time in cycles Source-side 2 Fast, 2 Slow Source-side 1 Fast, 3 Slow Source-side 4 Slow Load-side 1 Fast Load-side 2 Fast 25 2.70 3.20 3.70 1.25 1.80 30 2.60 3.10 3.50 1.25 1.80 50 2.10 2.50 2.70 60 1.25 1.35 90 1.85 2.10 2.20 1.25 1.35 120 1.70 1.80 1.90 1.25 1.35 240 1.40 1.40 1.45 600 1.35 1.35 1.35

As for the option Cumulative Sequences, it generates a curve showing the total time for the complete open-close sequence for the fast curve (Fast curve x #operations) for both the phase and the ground curves. The same goes for the slow curves (Slow curve x #operations to lockout-Oper. first). It can also generate a curve based on the total number of operations on the fast and slow cumulative curves.

On the right-hand side of the Sequence tab, one can specify the number of operations on the fast curve and the number of operations to lockout.

Nb Oper. First

The number of operation(s) on the fast curve. (Phase and/or Ground, depending on the unit available)

Nb Oper. To Lockout

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Single-Phase Recloser

Use the drop-down menu to select which curve is to be applied to the Fast and Slow units. For each of the items, there are several curve display options:

Clearing Curve

Enable the checkbox to display the curve on the TCC plot.

Response Curve

Enable the check box to display the response curve. The Response curve represents the reaction time of the control unit only (not including the interrupting time).

Choose the pickup current rating (in Amps) and indicate whether the unit is to trip for either phase or ground, or for both phase and ground.

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Hydraulic Three Phase Recloser

Use the drop-down menu to select which curve is to be applied to the Phase Fast, Phase Slow, Ground Fast and Ground Slow units. For each of the items, there are several curve display options:

Clearing Curve Enable the checkbox to display the curve on the TCC plot. Response Curve Enable the check box to display the response curve. The

Response curve represents the reaction time of the control unit only (not including the interrupting time).

For a Hydraulic Three Phase recloser, select the pickup current rating (in Amps) for the phase and ground trip units in the Coil – Pickup group box.

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Electronic Recloser

Use the drop-down menu to select which curve is to be applied to the Phase Fast, Phase Slow, Ground Fast and Ground Slow units. For each of the items, there are several curve display options:

Clearing Curve Enable the checkbox to display the curve on the TCC plot. Response

Curve

Enable the check box to display the response curve. The Response curve represents the reaction time of the control unit only (not including the interrupting time).

For some of the recloser models, the device curve is based on an equation rather than on a set of points. If a button is displayed, the user will be given access to the equation parameters of the curve in question. If the button is deactivated or not displayed, the device curve is based on a set of points.

Enter the trip rating (in Amps) for the phase and ground trip units in the Trip Rating group box.

Enable the Instantaneous Trip Rating if there is instantaneous accessory installed on the recloser. Enter the instanteous trip current (in Amps) for the phase and ground units. Beyond the instantaneous trip current, the curve will be a horizontal line drawn at the interrupting time because there is no delay due to the control.

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Minimum Response Time

To indicate that a Minimum Response Time Accessory is installed on the recloser, enable the checkbox. Once enabled, enter the minimum time (Pickup Time) for the response of the recloser controls. Any portion of the curve drawn below this minimum time will be replaced by a horizontal line at the minimum time. The Switch Selector position that can be set is solely for informational purpose.

Electronic with TCC Setup Recloser

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Use the drop-down menu to select which curve is to be applied to Phase Fast, Phase Slow, Ground Fast, Ground Slow or the Fast and Slow curves, depending on the type of recloser. For each of the items, there are several curve display options:

Clearing Curve Enable the checkbox to display the curve on the TCC plot. Response Curve Enable the check box to display the response curve. The

Response curve represents the reaction time of the control unit only (not including the interrupting time).

For some of the recloser models, the device curve is based on an equation rather than on a set of points. If a button is displayed, the user will be given access to the equation parameters of the curve in question. If the button is deactivated or not displayed, the device curve is based on a set of points. Here below is an example of a device based on an equation.

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CYME 7.2 - Protective Device Analysis - Users Guide For an Electronic with TCC Setup recloser, choose Group. Enter the Phase and Ground Trip Rating (in Amps).

Enable the Alternate Trip Rating to enter an alternate trip rating to be used instead of the trip rating. If the Alternate Trip Rating checkbox is not enabled, then the trip rating would be in effect.

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High Current Trip

If an Instanteous Tripping accessory is installed on the recloser, click on the High Current Trip tab to define the instantaneous trip current and delay for some of the curves.

Enable the checkbox next to the curve(s) high current trip would affect, and enter the High Current Trip, Trip Time Delay and High Current Lockout data.

Multiple of Trip Rating (High Current Trip)

It uses the specified value to multiply the pickup current to obtain the trip rating to be used.

Trip Time Delay It is the instantaneous delay due to the control only. The instantaneous portion of the response curve will be horizontal at this time value.

Multiple of Trip Rating (High Current Lockout)

It defines the instantaneous trip current with a fixed trip time delay.

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Sensitive Earth Fault

The Sensitive Earth Fault feature is used for tripping the recloser after a specified time has elapsed for currents below normal ground minimum trip currents.

Status Set the Sensitive Earth Fault feature on or off with the drop-down menu option.

Trip Rating Enter the trip rating of the Sensitive Earth Fault feature. Trip Time Enter the trip time, in seconds, after which the recloser will be

tripped if there is current below normal ground minimum trip current.

Nb Oper. To Lockout

Enter the number of operations for the recloser before it reaches the lockout state.

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IntelliRupter®

General Settings

The General Settings tab includes a title block which displays informational description of the IntelliRupter® on the network section.

Profile Name Enter a name for the profile.

Profile Select a profile from the selection available in the drop-down menu.

Direction This field indicates the flow of the current. Choose Direction1 or Direction2.

Please note that all fields mentioned in the table here above are used as information only and would not affect the curve displayed.

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Set Points

The set points tab allows one to enter specific TCC curve data for each IntelliRupter curve. The IntelliRupter can have multiple curve pairs for each protection profile.

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Inverse Segment group box

Manufacturer Choose the manufacturer from the choices available in the drop-down menu.

Inverse Curve Choose the Inverse curve from the drop-down menu. Click on the Parameters button to have access to the parameters of the formula used for the inverse curve. Depending on the curve, some coefficients can be modified. Min. Trip Current Enter the minimum trip current, in amperes, at which the

inverse curve begins timing. Low-Current

Cutoff

Enter the low-current cutoff in amperes. This value has to be equal or greater than the minimum trip current.

Time Multiplier Enter a time multiplier to be applied to the inverse curve. Please note that this field takes the same value as the Time Dial field found in the formula dialog box (Parameters button).

Time Adder Enter a time adder, in seconds, to be applied to the inverse curve.

Enter a minimum response time, in seconds, which defines the fastest response portion of the inverse curve.

Definite Time group box

#1 Enable the checkbox to activate the first set of data for the definite time curve. Enter the current in amperes and time in seconds.

#2 Enable the checkbox to activate the second set of data for the definite time curve. Enter the current in amperes and time in seconds.

High-Current Response group box

Enable the checkbox to active the High-Current Response element.

Lockout Enter the current, in amperes, above which the IntelliRupter would go directly to lockout mode.

Cutoff Enter the cutoff current value, in amperes.

Reset group box Reset Response Type

Select the reset response type from the selection available in the drop-down menu.

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LVCB (Low Voltage Circuit Breaker)

Four types of LVCBs are available and are chosen when the equipment is created in the Equipment menu. The types include:

 Ground Fault

 Molded Case

 Electromechanical

 Solid State

Ground Fault

The General Settings of a Ground Fault LVCB are as follows:

Sensor Enter the sensor rating (in Amps) or use the drop-down menu to choose a rating.

Multiplier Select a multiplier value from the drop-down menu. The sensor value is multiplied by the multiplier to determine the Long-Time Pickup current.

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Molded Case

The General Settings of the Molded Case LVCB are as follows:

Plug Plug is the Long Time Pickup Current.

Enter the plug rating (in Amps) or use the drop-down menu to choose a rating.

Multiplier Select a multiplier value from the drop-down menu. The plug value is multiplied by the multiplier to determine the starting amperage value of the curve.

Adjustable Pickup

The Adjustable Pickup is a multiplier applicable to the Plug rating to determine the threshold at which the Short Time or Instantaneous portion of the curve begins.

Enter the Adjustable Pickup manually or use the drop-down menu to choose a value.

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Electromechanical

The General Settings of the Electromechanical LVCB are as follows:

Sensor The sensor is the reference quantity used in conjunction with multiplying factors to find the Long Time, Short Time and Instantaneous Pick-up currents.

Enter the sensor rating (in Amps) or use the drop-down menu to choose a rating.

Long Time A Long-Time Multiplier is applied to the sensor rating to define the Long-Time Pickup current, at which the long-time portion of the device curve begins.

Enter the multiplier value or use the drop-down menu to choose a rating.

The Long-Time Delay Band determines the vertical shift of the long-time portion of the curve.

Enter the delay band value or use the drop-down menu to choose a value.

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The Short-Time Delay Band determines the vertical shift of the short-time portion of the curve.

Instantaneous The Instantaneous is optional. To activate it, enable the Instantaneous checkbox.

An Instantaneous Multiplier is applied to the sensor rating or to the Long-Time Pickup current to define the Instantaneous Pickup current, at which the instantaneous portion of the device curve begins.

Solid State

The General Settings of the Solid State LVCB are as follows:

Sensor The sensor is the reference quantity used in conjunction with multiplying factors to find the Long Time, Short Time and Instantaneous Pick-up currents.

Enter the sensor rating (in Amps) or use the drop-down menu to choose a rating.

Long Time A Long-Time Multiplier is applied to the sensor rating to define the Long-Time Pickup current, at which the long-time portion of the device curve begins.

The Long-Time Delay Band determines the vertical shift of the long-time portion of the curve.

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The Current Setting is an additional multiplier applicable to the sensor rating for certain devices.

Short Time The Short-Time feature is optional. To activate it, enable the Short Time checkbox.

A Long-Time Multiplier is applied to the sensor rating or to the Long-Time Pickup current to define the Short-Time Pickup current, at which the short-time portion of the device curve begins.

The Short-Time Delay Band determines the vertical shift of the short-time portion of the curve.

The I2T option, if checked for applicable LVCBs, uses the I2T characteristic of the LVCB to determine the maximum let-through energy value as a function of the current (applicable on the short-time).

Instantaneous The Instantaneous is optional. To activate it, enable the Instantaneous checkbox.

An Instantaneous Multiplier is applied to the sensor rating or to the Long-Time Pickup current to define the Instantaneous Pickup current, at which the instantaneous portion of the device curve begins.

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Relays

Overcurrent relays in CYME include Electromechanical, Electronic and Definite Time types. Motor relays and multiple relays are also available.

Relays are created with a drag-and-drop operation. Access the Symbol Bar tab from the Explorer Bar pane, drag the relay and drop it on the section to be installed.

Once the relay has been dragged-and-dropped onto a network section, double-click on the symbol to display the relay’s Properties dialog box. In the General group box, select the relay’s type, its manufacturer and

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Click on the Import from TCC file button ( ) to select the *.tcc file from which the settings are to be imported from.

General Settings

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The Operation Mode determines how to specify the value of the relay’s pickup current. Select an operation mode from the drop-down menu, and then enter the corresponding general settings explained in the second table.

Tap with Tap Range This operation mode requires setting a Tap Range, a Tap and the Primary Pickup current.

Tap without Tap Range

This operation mode requires setting a Tap and the Primary Pickup current.

Primary Amps This operation mode requires setting the Primary Pickup current only.

Instantaneous Only All settings in the General settings (except curve and tag display) are disabled, and only the Instantaneous element is considered. Enable and enter the settings for the Instantaneous element in the Instantaneous tab. Short Time with

Instantaneous Only

All settings in the General settings (except curve and tag display) are disabled, and only the Instantaneous element and Short Time element are considered. Enable and enter the settings for the Instantaneous element in the

Instantaneous tab, and those of the Short Time element in the Short Time tab.

Multiple of Motor Full-Load Current

This operation mode uses the full load current of the motor as the primary pickup current.

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CYME 7.2 - Protective Device Analysis - Users Guide Other relay general settings include:

Time Dial Select the time dial from the drop-down menu. The time dial can also be computed by clicking on the button. Enter the multiplier of primary pickup or a check point with the opening time to compute the corresponding time dial.

Formula For some relays, it is possible to use a formula to define the curve. Depending on the relay, the formula varies and some coefficients can be entered.

Tap Range Select the tap range from the drop-down menu.

Note: the list shows every tap range available in the database, not just the ones normally available for a particular relay. Tap L Select the tap from the drop-down menu.

It is also possible to enter a value that is not in the list, as long as it is within the tap range.

Primary Pickup

The primary pickup Is the minimum current which will cause the relay to act.

Enter the primary pickup current or use the to calculate it using the settings entered.

Current Transformer

The Current transformer group box displays the current at the primary and secondary side of the transformer.

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Short Time

The Short Time settings of the relay are as follows:

Short Time Enable the Short Time checkbox to identify there is a short time element for the relay.

CT Ratio x Tap S

This is one of the three modes to determine the short-time pickup current.

The CT Ratio x Tap S mode requires a Tap Range and the Tap. Click on the to calculate the pickup current value (in Amps). CT Ratio x

Tap S x Tap L

This mode makes the short-time pickup current a function of the long-time pickup tap setting, the short-time tap setting and the CT Ratio. Click on the to calculate the pickup current value (in Amps).

Primary Amps

If the short-time pickup current is known, select this mode and enter it directly.

Tap Range Select the tap range from the drop-down menu.

Only the ranges for the short-time option are displayed in this list. Tap S It is the short-time tap setting. Select the tap from the drop-down

menu.

It is also possible to enter a value that is not in the list, as long as it is within the tap range.

Pickup The pickup is the current at which the short-time portion of the relay curve begins. Enter the pickup current or use the to calculate it using the settings entered.

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Delay The delay is the maximum reaction time of the short-time element, in seconds.

Instantaneous

The Instantaneous settings of the relay are as follows:

Instantaneous Enable the Instantaneous checkbox to identify there is an instantaneous element for the relay.

CT Ratio x Tap I

This is one of the three modes to determine the instantaneous pickup current.

The CT Ratio x Tap I mode requires a Tap Range and the Tap. Click on the to calculate the pickup current value (in Amps). CT Ratio x

Tap I x Tap L

This mode makes the instantaneous pickup current a function of the long-time pickup tap setting, the instantaneous tap setting and the CT Ratio.

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Pickup The pickup is the current at which the instantaneous portion of the relay curve begins.

Enter the pickup current or use the to calculate it using the settings entered.

Multiple levels of Instantaneous pickup and delay can be entered. Use the button add a level and to remove a level. The instantaneous pickup field should increase in the table while the delay field should decrease.

Delay The delay is the maximum reaction time of the instantaneous element, in seconds.

Multiple levels of Instantaneous pickup and delay can be entered. Use the button add a level and to remove a level. The instantaneous pickup field should increase in the table while the delay field should decrease.

Advanced Settings

The advanced settings of the relay are as follows:

Recloser Settings

Recloser Settings Enable the Recloser Settings checkbox to be able to apply a time multiplier, time adder and minimum response time to the relay curve.

Time Multiplier Enter a time multiplier to shift the curve upward if the

multiplier value is bigger than 1, or downward if the multiplier value is less than 1.

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Constant Time Adder

Enter a time (in seconds) by which the curve will be shifted upwards.

Enter a time (in seconds) to indicate the minimum required by the relay controls to react.

Additional Delays

Additional Delays Enable the Additional Delays checkbox to be able to apply a breaker operating time, auxiliary device time, and to choose to show unadjusted curve or tag.

Breaker Operating Time

An additional delay can be introduced by breaker operation. Enter the breaker operating time, in seconds. This operating time would shift the relay curve upwards.

Auxiliary Device Time

An additional delay can be introduced by other devices such as lock-out relays. Enter the additional delay time, in

seconds. This additional delay would shift the relay curve upwards.

Overtravel

Overtravel applies to electromechanical relays (induction disc type). When you are coordinating a recloser with an upstream (source-side) electromechanical relay, this feature accounts for the ratchet effect, in which the relay does not fully reset during a circuit interruption by the recloser.

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CYME 7.2 - Protective Device Analysis - Users Guide The Overtravel settings of the relay are as follows:

Recloser Number Select the Equipment number of the recloser downstream to the relay to allow the calculation of the overtravel curve with the relay curve.

Reset Time The reset time is the time taken by the relay disk to return to its original position after de-energization.

Choose among one of the three relay categories (Inverse, Very Inverse and Extremely Inverse) to use its default reset time, or enter a user-defined one in seconds.

Impulse Margin It is the time, in seconds, for which the relay disk will continue to coast after de-energization.

Enable the Worst Case checkbox for the program to assume that the fault currents are different for all operations of the downstream device.

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Test Points

It is possible to enter up to 4 test points, which consists of a multiplier of the pickup or a current value. These test points, if enabled, are drawn on the TCC plot to show their corresponding current and time coordinates.

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Transformer

The damage curve of a transformer can be drawn based on the information entered in its TCC Settings. According to the ANSI/IEEE Standard C57.109 (and C37.91), the TCC curve of a transformer may take into account both thermal and mechanical stresses.

To access the TCC Settings of a transformer, click on the button in the Section Properties dialog box, or right-click on the transformer in the one-line diagram and choose TCC > Create Device Settings from the contextual menu.

General Settings

In the Upstream Protective Device group box, one can specify:

Type To select the primary protective device.

Draw shifted curve for LG secondary fault

A line-ground fault of 1.0 p.u. on the secondary produces a current of only 0.58 p.u. in two phases of the primary. Click on this option to plot an additional curve for the selected device upstream from the transformer. This additional curve represents the device curve shifted (to the right) by a factor of 1.73 (= 1/0.58). (This option applies only to the Delta-Y solidly grounded connection.)

Draw shifted curve for LL secondary fault

A line-line fault of 1.0 p.u. on the secondary produces a current of 1.16 p.u. in one phase of the transformer primary (and 0.58 p.u. in the other two). Click on this option to plot an additional curve for the selected device upstream from the transformer. This additional curve represents the device curve shifted to the left by a factor of 0.87 (= 1/1.16.

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Magnetization Inrush

This inrush curve may be useful for accounting for cold-load pick-up, where load remains connected to the secondary of the transformer upon de-energization, and is therefore energized at the same time as the transformer. If the transformer is re-energized after a prolonged outage (several hours or more), then normally intermittent thermostatically-controlled loads (such as air-conditioning) may come on continuously until they once again satisfy their temperature settings. Load diversity is eliminated temporarily because all such loads will be on during this time.

The Magnetization Inrush settings of the transformer are as follows:

None Select this option to not draw the magnetization inrush curve. Circle (0.1s) Enable this option to draw a circle which represents the high

current caused by the magnetization of the transformer. This circle is drawn at an x-coordinate determined by the normal load current multiplied by the multiplier value specified. The y-coordinate is at 0.1s.

Curve Select this option to represent the magnetization inrush current as a piecewise-linear curve passing through the

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Cable

An important consideration in protection coordination studies is whether the cables are able to withstand the thermal effects of fault currents until protective devices clear the fault. Taking into account the conductor size and material as well as the insulation type, it is possible to arrive at curves specifying the maximum

permissible exposure time of a given cable to a certain fault current. These curves are commonly known as “cable damage curves”. The curves displayed in the TCC View adhere to the IEEE standard 242-1986 (Buff book).

To access the TCC Settings of a cable, click on the button in the Section Properties dialog box, or right-click on the cable in the one-line diagram and choose TCC > Create Device Settings from the contextual menu.

Motor

Based on the full load current (rated current), the acceleration time and the locked rotor current, it is possible to trace a conservative motor starting curve for the purpose of protection coordination.

To access the TCC Settings of a motor, click on the button in the Section Properties dialog box, or right-click on the motor in the one-line diagram and choose TCC > Create Device Settings from the contextual menu.

General Settings

Acceleration Time Enter the acceleration time, in seconds, which the motor requires to accelerate itself and its load to full speed. When the motor reaches full speed, its current falls back to nominal. Hot Stall Time Enter the hot stall time, in seconds, during which the motor

may be allowed to draw its locked rotor current without being damaged if it was already warm when starting.

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Cold Stall Time Enter the cold stall time, in seconds, during which the motor may be allowed to draw its locked rotor current without being damaged if it was at ambient temperature when starting.

Import Device Settings

It is possible to import device settings from a CYMTCC study file (*.tcc file). These settings can be imported directly from the Section Properties dialog box, or they can be imported to a Data Repository.

Import Device Settings to Section Properties

In the Section Properties dialog box, one can choose to import the TCC settings from an existing TCC File. To do so, click Import from TCC file button ( )to select the *.tcc file from which the settings are to be imported from.

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The TCC Settings Import Selection dialog box displays the devices from the *.tcc file that match the device currently in the Section Properties dialog box. Choose the appropriate one from the list and click Import to import those settings in the Section Properties dialog box.

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Import Device Settings to Data Repository

To be able to import TCC Settings into a data repository, the user has to be in database mode (not working with self-contained studies) and the repository database has to be created. For more information on how to create a repository database, please refer to Chapter 3 of the Reference manual.

In the Repository section of the Database tab, click the option Import into Repository and choose the *.tcc file from which the device settings are to be imported. In the TCC Settings Import Selection dialog box, select which devices are to be imported and click Import to import these devices and their respective TCC settings. Once these devices imported, it is now possible to create a device with set TCC settings via a drag-and-drop operation from the Repository to the one-line diagram.

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Equipment Search

User can look up switching and protective equipment from the Explorer tab of the Explorer Bar. The Equipment Inventory provides a quick access to Equipment dialog boxes along with an alternate way to install equipment by dragging and dropping icons on the one-line diagram. The equipment is shown in the list either by equipment type with the Show Equipment option or by equipment categories with the Show Equipment and the Show Equipment Categories options enabled. The icons of the equipment used in the network loaded in the database is indicated with a green checkmark:

.

User can also enable the Show only equipment in use option to display only the equipment used in the network.

Here are the steps used to look for a protective device:

 First, enter the string or text to be searched in the Search and click on the button to launch the search.

 It is possible to specify the search options by clicking on the icon. In the Find dialog box, it is possible enable options such as match case, exact match, search up, highlight results. Enabling the filter results options or to click on the icon will hide all the elements of the list except for the search results. Additional options on search results accessible via the right-click include:

 Circle symbol – enabling this option places on the one-line diagram a circle around a particular device or devices (ex: a particular fuse) from a selected sub-category (ex: all fuses)

 Hide symbol – enable this option to hide from the one-line diagram the display of a particular device or devices (ex: a particular fuse) from a selected sub-category (ex: all fuses)

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 Report – enable this option to select and display a tabular report of a particular device or devices (ex: a particular fuse) from a selected sub-category (ex: all fuses)

 Properties – to display the Properties dialog box of the selected device. Use the drag and drop operation to add a particular device to the one-line diagram.

TCC Information Verification

Access Analysis > Protective Device Coordination > TCC Information Verification to verify whether all equipment and protective devices have TCC Settings specified. A list of Device Numbers with missing TCC Settings will be displayed in the TCC Information Verification report.

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3 – Time-Current Plotting

After creating the equipment and setting up the protective devices in the network, their time-current plot can be displayed for coordination studies. In this section, we will explore topics such as displaying the time-current plot for devices, customizing the time-current plot, and using various tools available to study device

coordination.

Display the Time-Current Plot

There are two ways time-current plotting modes: display the curve of a selected item only or display the curves of devices belonging to the same branch.

Show Curve of a Single Device

To display the curve of a selected device, right-click on the device and choose TCC > Display Curve from the contextual menu.

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If a TCC view exists already, users can choose to display the curve in the existing view or in a new view via the same menu mentioned here above.

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Branch Device Coordination

The Branch Device Coordination mode allows the display of TCC curve from devices belonging to a selected branch.

Right-click on the device and choose TCC > Branch Device Coordination from the contextual menu. The Branch Device Coordination dialog box appears.

Downstream Choose this option to manually select the node which defines the end of the branch to be displayed. By default, the node selected on the one-line diagram is chosen as the last node of the branch to be sent.

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Perform Short Circuit

Choose Yes to Perform Short Circuit analysis in order to find the short-circuit current of the protective devices in the branch to be sent. You may select the Short-Circuit Method among

Conventional, ANSI or CEI 60909.

If this option is not selected, none of the clipping values will be taken into consideration in the time-current plot.

The short-circuit current values to be used (with or without consideration of security factors and with or without the

consideration of grounding impedances) can be specified in the dialog box accessed via Analysis > Protective Device

Coordination > TCC Short-Circuit Currents (See Setting up Short-Circuit Currents to be used more information).

Short-Circuit Method

The drop-down menu is only active when the option Perform Short Circuit is enabled. Choose to use the ANSI, IEC-60909 or

Conventional circuit method for the calculation of the short-circuit current of the protective devices in the branch to be sent. Parameters

Configuration

The drop-down menu is only active when the option Perform Short Circuit is enabled. Among those already created with the Short-Circuit analysis dialog box, choose a short-circuit parameters configuration to be used.

Perform Load Flow

Choose Yes to Perform Load Flow analysis in order to find the full load current of the protective devices in the branch to be sent. Include

Cables

Select Yes to send the cable damage curves to the time-current plot.

Include Overhead Lines

Select Yes to send the overhead line damage curves to the time-current plot.

Protection Type

Choose to display phase, ground, or both phase/ground coordination curves.

One can also toggle between the phase and ground curve display via the button from the TCC toolbar. Another way to toggle such display is via a right-click on the plot and choose the Phase or ground option from the pop-up menu.

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Display in separated views

Choose Yes to display the phase and ground coordination curves in two separate TCC views.

Click on the button to send the selected branch to the TCC plot. A new window which consists of the TCC View of the selected devices in electrical order will open.

The figure above illustrates and example of how the TCC view looks like. The branch sent is shown in a one-line diagram and the TCC plot containing the curves of the devices is displayed.

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Device Curve Display Options

Inside an active TCC view, accessing the TCC Settings dialog box would give access to all the device settings as described in section Creating the Protective Device in the Equipment Database and to additional device display settings.

The sub-sections below explain the display settings per device when the TCC Settings dialog box is accessed from an active TCC view.

Common Settings

Short-Circuit Arrows

In the Short Circuit Arrows tab, it is possible to choose to display vertical arrows at the minimum and/or the maximum short-circuit currents. Choose Snap to Curve to have the arrow touching the curve or specify the height (in seconds) at which the arrow will raise to.

Drawing Options

The Drawing Options tab allows one to customize the appearance of the device’s curve. Use the respective drop-down menus to modify the curve’s line color, line width, line type and hatch (fill) type.

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Transformer

The General settings dialog box of the transformer shows an additional option in the Upstream Protective Device group box and an Options group box as follows:

Draw line at pickup current

To display a small vertical line at the top of the plot to show the pickup of the primary protective device. This facilitates the visual verification of the transformer protection. It helps in insuring that the curve stands between the Full Load curve and the Damage curve.

Shift Curve Enable this option to shift the transformer curve by a ratio of primary side current with respect to the transformer winding current.

Display mechanical damage (<500 kVA)

Enable this option to display the mechanical damage curve for Category 1 transformers, whose capacity are less than or equal to 500 kVA.

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Through Fault Curve

The Through Fault Curve has four options:

 Frequent through-fault means there is typically 10 or more faults on the secondary side of a transformer during its lifespan. It accounts for cumulative mechanical

damage to the winding insulation due to movement of the windings under short-circuit magnetic forces. This

mechanical damage is more pronounced at high currents. Hence, the curve is shifted down at high currents.

 Infrequent through-fault means there is typically fewer than 10 faults on the secondary side of the transformer during its lifespan. It accounts for the thermal damage to the insulation only.

 Frequent and Infrequent through-fault curves are drawn.

 Damage Point is an alternative to drawing the Frequent or Infrequent through-fault curve. As defined by the 1975 version of the IEEE Buff Book (IEEE Std. 242-1975), the Damage Point is plotted at coordinates (A, T) given by: A = (100 / Z%)  Base curent

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Time-Current Plot Tools

Previous sections explained the steps required to setting up protective devices, displaying their curves on the time-current plot area and customizing the plot. Once the time-current curves are displayed, there are several tools available in CYME that would help you perform coordination studies. These tools are presented and explained in the sections here below.

Ruler

The ruler is used to calculate the distance in current and time between two selected points on the grid. This ruler mode offers a quick way to evaluate coordination margins manually.

The Ruler can be found in the TCC Toolbar.

Steps to use the Ruler:

1. Click on the button to enable the Ruler mode. In this mode, the mouse becomes a measuring device.

2. Click the left mouse button once at one point, which is one end for measurement. Hold down the mouse button.

3. Slide the mouse to another point, which is the other end for measurement. A dashed line should appear between these two points.

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As long as the mouse button is held down, you can move freely to any point and measure the difference from that point to the initially selected point. To exit the ruler move, unselect the ruler icon from the TCC Toolbar.

Device Margin

The Device Margin is a tool which detects curve intersections and measures time and current margins between curves.

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CYME 7.2 - Protective Device Analysis - Users Guide The Device Margin offers nine modes which measures the current and time margins in different ways. The nine modes include the following and each of them is explained in following sections.

 Mouse

 Intersection

 S.O.O Short Circuit

 User Defined

 Minimum Time Separation

 S.O.O User Defined

 S.O.O. Range

 Operating Times – Range

 Operating Times - Pickup Multiplier

In the Device Margin, there are different display options that can be accessed by clicking on the button. The options will be deactivated or activated for selection depending on the mode of operation chosen. The possible options are as defined here below:

Draw circle(s) When checked, this option will draw a circle at all the locations displayed in the list. When not checked, only the device that is selected in the list will have a circle.

Draw

Horizontal Line

Enable this option to draw a horizontal line at the selected time (second or cycles).

Draw Vertical Line

Enable this option to draw a vertical line at the selected current (Amp).

Do not show hidden device

When this checkbox is enabled, the devices for which the curves are hidden will not be listed in the Results window.

Cycles Enable this option to display the results in cycles. When it is disabled, the results are displayed in seconds.

Lines and Circles Color

This option gives you the possibility to change the line and circle color, line type or line width.

Precision You can select the number of decimals you want to see for the Cycles (Seconds) and for the Current (A) results shown in the dialog box.

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Device Margin Mode – Mouse

In the Mouse mode, the cursor position defines both the time and current.

Select which are the 1ST and 2ND devices. With the time and current value of the cursor, the intersection points are calculated for the two selected devices and displayed in the Result window with the time and current coordinates.

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Device Margin Mode – Intersection

Choose a device curve from the drop-down menu. The Intersection mode finds the points where the selected curve intersects with any other devices and displays the time and current coordinates of those intersection points.

Device Margin Mode – S.O.O Short Circuit

The term S.O.O Short Circuit means Sequence of Operation Short-Circuit

Choose a device at the drop-down menu. Its current will be listed in the Current box. Once the device is chosen, a list of devices intersecting at the indicated current value is listed.

The Seconds column gives the opening time of each device at the current value. The Delta column displays the margin between the consecutive curves.

It is possible to obtain a device margin result by selecting two devices from the list (select one device, hold down the Ctrl key and choose the second device). The time difference is displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.

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Device Margin Mode – User Defined

With the User Defined mode, intersections to a user-defined coordinate are to be found. Enter the Time and Current, and click on Calc. It is also possible to just enter one of the fields (only time or only current). Once the Calc button is clicked, the intersecting points for the time and/or current will be displayed in the list with their coordinates.

To get a device margin result, select any two devices from the list. The result is displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.

Use the up and down arrow buttons, next to the time and current field, to change the current or the time by increments of 1/10 of a decade. Activate the Fine checkbox to adjust by 1/100 of a decade instead.

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Device Margin Mode – Minimum Time Separation

In this mode, the current at which the time separation between two selected curves is the smallest will be displayed.

Choose one device with the 1ST drop-down menu and choose the second device with the 2ND drop-down menu. The intersection between these two devices which gives the smallest time separation will be listed. The time separation is calculated and listed at the bottom of the dialog box.

If it is desired for the program to calculate the closest point between the two curves even if it is outside the plot (i.e.: greater than the maximum X value), check the Out Graph Result option.

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Device Margin Mode – S.O.O User Defined

With this mode, you can specify the current value at which the intersections are to be displayed.

Enter the Current and click on Calc. The list of points intersecting at this current value will be displayed. The Delta column displays the time difference between consecutive curves in the list.

Device Margin Mode – S.O.O. Range

This mode behaves very similarly to the S.O.O User Defined mode explained here above, but instead of specifying one particular current value, this mode sweeps through a user-defined range of current values. Enter the Min value and the Max value which defines the current range, and choose the Step value at which the sweep will be conducted. Click on Calc to start the sweep. For each sweep, the result window will list any curve the current value intersects. To move the sweep to the left or right, increase/decrease the current value by using the drop-down menu or with the button.

The Delta column lists the difference in time between two consecutive curves.

To see the time difference of two curves at a given current value, choose one curve listed in the result window, hold down the Ctrl button and select a second curve. The time difference of these two given curves will be displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.

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Device Margin Mode – Opening Times – Ranges

The use of this device margin mode gives the opening time of a selected device inside a specific range of current values.

Choose a device from the first drop-down menu. Specify the current range by defining the Min and Max values, or click on Get SC Values to fill in the Min and Max fields with the Short-Circuit min and max values. The field Step defines how many results are required within the range specified.

CYME 72 Protection User Guide En

CYME 7.2 - Protective Device

Analysis - Users Guide

Contents

1 – Introduction

2 – Setting up Protective Devices

Creating the Protective Device in the Equipment

Database

Common Settings

Clipping

Coordination Curves

Short-Circuit Currents & FLC

Save in Repository

Fuse

General Settings

Vista Overcurrent Control

VFI Adjustment

Recloser

General Settings

Sequence

Single-Phase Recloser

Hydraulic Three Phase Recloser

Electronic Recloser

Electronic with TCC Setup Recloser

IntelliRupter®

LVCB (Low Voltage Circuit Breaker)

Ground Fault

Molded Case

Electromechanical

Solid State

Relays

General Settings

Short Time

Instantaneous

Advanced Settings

Overtravel

Test Points

Transformer

General Settings

Magnetization Inrush

Cable

Motor

General Settings

Import Device Settings

Import Device Settings to Section Properties

Import Device Settings to Data Repository

Equipment Search

.

TCC Information Verification

3 – Time-Current Plotting

Display the Time-Current Plot

Show Curve of a Single Device

Branch Device Coordination

Device Curve Display Options

Common Settings

Short-Circuit Arrows

Drawing Options

Transformer

Time-Current Plot Tools

Ruler

Device Margin

Device Margin Mode – Mouse

Device Margin Mode – Intersection

Device Margin Mode – S.O.O Short Circuit

Device Margin Mode – User Defined

Device Margin Mode – Minimum Time Separation

Device Margin Mode – S.O.O User Defined

Device Margin Mode – S.O.O. Range

Device Margin Mode – Opening Times – Ranges