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4. CLIMATE
ASSIGNMENTS FOR SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(1 mark)
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following terms refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years)?
(a) Atmosphere
(b) Annual range of temperature (c) Climate (d) Monsoons
2. Which of the following is not an element of weather and climate?
(a) Atmospheric pressure (b) Temperature (c) Humidity (d) Altitude
3. Which of the following statements defines weather?
(a) Atmospheric conditions over a large area for a long period of time
(b) State of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time
(c) Envelop of air surrounding earth
(d) Generalised monthly atmospheric conditions
4. In which of the following places of India precipitation is in form of snowfall?
(a) Shillong (b) Drass (c) Chandigarh (d) Haridwar
5. Which of the following places of India experiences the highest summer temperature?
(a) Pahalgam (b) Leh
(c) Thiruvananthapuram (d) Jaisalmer
6. Which of the following is the rainiest station?
(a) Shillong (b) Mumbai (c) Chennai (d) Kolkata
7. Which one of the following is the driest station?
(a) Mumbai (b) Leh
(c) Bengaluru (d) Delhi
8. Most parts of India receive rainfall during which of the following months?
(a) December to February (b) March to May
(c) June to September (d) October to November
9. In which of the following months does the Tamil Nadu coast get most of its rainfall?
(a) December to February (b) March to May
(c) June to September (d) October to November
10. Which of the following places in India experiences very high diurnal range of temperature?
(a) Kolkata (b) Jodhpur (c) Chennai (d) Delhi
11. In which of the following places of India there is very little difference between day and night temperatures?
(a) Guwahati (b) Nagpur
(c) Thiruvananthapuram (d) Delhi
12. In which of the following places are houses built on stilts?
(a) Assam (b) Rajasthan
(c) Goa (d) Kerala
13. Which one of the following is not one of the six major controls of the climate of any place?
(a) Latitude (b) Temperature
(c) Pressure and wind system (d) Distance from the sea
14. Latitude and altitude of a place determine which of the following climatic elements of a place?
(a) Pressure and wind system (b) Temperature
(c) Rainfall pattern (d) All the above
15. Which of the following places have cooler climate even during summers?
(a) Allahabad (b) Mumbai (c) Mussoorie (d) Amritsar
16. Which of the following places of India experiences extreme type of climate?
(a) Shillong (b) Bengaluru (c) Chennai (d) Delhi
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17. Due to which of the following factors does Pune receive much lesser rainfall as compared to Mumbai?
(a) It is located on the leeward side of Western Ghats
(b) It is located on windward side of Western Ghats
(c) Continentality
(d) Distance from the sea
18. Which of the following latitudes passes through the middle of our country giving it the characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climate?
(a) Tropic of Capricorn (b) Tropic of Cancer (c) Equator
(d) 82°30'N
19. The Indian subcontinent experiences comparatively milder winters as compared to Central Asia due to which of the following factors?
(a) The Tropic of Cancer (b) The surrounding seas (c) The Himalayas (d) Ocean currents
20. Which of the following atmospheric conditions govern the climate and associated weather conditions in India?
(a) Pressure and surface winds (b) Upper air circulation
(c) Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones
(d) All of the above
21. Which of the following winds brings widespread rainfall over the mainland of India?
(a) North-easterly (b) Westerlies
(c) South-west monsoon winds (d) Sea breeze
22. Which of the following is a component of upper air circulation?
(a) North-easterlies (b) Jet stream
(c) South-west monsoon (d) Kal Baishakhi
23. From which of the following pressure belts do the north-easterly trade winds originate?
(a) Equatorial low pressure belt
(b) Subtropical high pressure belt of the Northern Hemisphere
(c) Subtropical high pressure belt of the Southern Hemisphere
(d) Temperate low pressure belt of the Northern Hemisphere
24. Due to which of the following reasons are the south-west monsoons rain-bearing winds?
(a) They blow from low pressure area of north-eastern India towards the seas
(b) They are seasonal winds
(c) They blow over warm Indian Ocean and gather moisture
(d) They strike the Himalayas
25. Which of the following prevents the southwest monsoon winds from escaping from India?
(a) The surrounding seas (b) The Himalayas
(c) Low pressure over Central Asia (d) The Indian deserts
26. The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from a word which literally means which of the following?
(a) Seasons (b) Wind pattern (c) Change (d) Mausumbi
27. In which of the following stations of India's mainland does the monsoons arrive first?
(a) Thiruvananthapuram (b) Kolkata
(c) Chennai (d) Delhi
28. By which of the following dates do southern parts of our islands receive their first monsoon showers?
(a) First week of April (b) First week of May (c) First week of June (d) Mid-October
29. Which of the following stations of India experiences snowfall in winter?
(a) Aurangabad (b) Guwahati
(c) Ooty (d) Srinagar
30. Which of the following causes rainfall in West Bengal during the hot weather season?
(a) Mango showers (b) Kal Baishakhi (c) Southwest monsoon (d) Retreating Monsoon
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6. Describe any three facts which affect the
mechanism of monsoons. [2011 (T-2)] 7. Why does Mumbai receive more rainfall in
summer season while Chennai receives rainfall
in winter? [2011 (T-2)]
8. Explain any three factors controlling the Indian
climatic conditions. [2011 (T-2)] 9. What are Jet Streams and how do they affect the
climate of India? [2011 (T-2)] 10. Why North West India receives rainfall in winter?
Give any three reasons. [2011 (T-2)]
11. Why are South-West monsoons less rainy in Tamil
Nadu? Explain. [2011 (T-2)]
12. Explain what is smonsoon? Name the two
branches of monsoon and explain any one?
[2011 (T-2)] 13. Describe the mechanism of monsoon. [2011 (T-2)] 14. What are Western disturbances? How do they
effect the climate of India? [2011 (T-2)] 15. What are the elements of weather and climate?
Distinguish between weather and climate.
[2011 (T-2)]
II. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
(3 marks)
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
1. What are jet streams? How do they affect the
climate?
2. What is the loo? How does it affect the weather
of a place?
3. Write a short note on the retreating monsoons. 4. Describe with examples how altitude affects the
climate of a place.
5. Describe with examples how distance from the
sea influences the climate of a place.
6. What form of precipitation does the upper part
of the Himalayas receive and why?
7. Write a short note on the trade winds. What are
the effects of trade winds on the climate of India?
8. Discuss why Mawsynram receives the highest
rainfall in the world.
9. What is the Coriolis force? Describe briefly its
affect on the climate of the world.
10. Give reasons why the bulk of the rainfall is
concentrated over a few months in India.
B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS
1. Study the data given below carefully and answer the following questions. [2011 (T-2)]
(19.1) Name the station which is farthest from the Equator.
(19.2) Name the driest and wettest station among the three stations.
2. Describe the main features of Retreating monsoon season of India. [2011 (T-2)] 3. Why do the Western Ghats receive more rainfall than the Eastern Ghats? Explain briefly. [2011 (T-2)] 4. How do monsoon act as a unifying bond for India explain. [2011 (T-2)] 5. Study the climate data of the given place and answer the following questions : [2011 (T-2)]
(1) Calculate the total annual rainfall for this station. (2) What is the annual range of temperature here? (3) Name the rainiest month.
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22. Define monsoon. Differentiate between ‘Burst
of the monsoon’ and ‘Break of the monsoon’.
[2011 (T-2)] 23. Differentiate between cold and hot weather
season in three points. [2011 (T-2)] 24. Why the distibution of rainfall in India is uneven?
Give any three resons. [2011 (T-2)]
25. Explain how monsoon act as a unifying bond in
the country? [2011 (T-2)]
26. What influence has the Himalayas on India’s
climate? [2011 (T-2)]
27. Explain the importance of monsoon rainfall in
India. [2011 (T-2)]
16. Explain three striking features of the wet weather
season. [2011 (T-2)]
17. Describe the four factors responsible for climatic
conditions. [2011 (T-2)]
18. What are Jet Streams? How is jet stream related
with Western Cyclonic Disturbances?[2011 (T-2)]
19. Describe the cold weather season of India. [2011 (T-2)] 20. Study the following climatic data and answer the questions that follow : [2011 (T-2)]
(19.1) Name the rainiest month of the year. How much is the rainfall in this month? (19.2) What is the annual range of temperature here?
(19.3) Name the hottest month and write the temperature.
21. Study the following climatic data and answer the questions that follow : [2011 (T-2)]
(19.1) Name the rainiest month of the year. How much is the rainfall in this month? (19.2) What is the annual range of temperature here?
(19.3) Name the hottest month and write the temperature.
III. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
(4 marks)
A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS1. Write a brief note on the south-west monsoon
and its influence on the climate of India.
2. Why does the rainfall decreases from east to west
in Northern India? Write a brief note explaining why.
3. Distinguish between south-west monsoon and
north-east monsoon.
4. Explain the major factors influencing climate in
India.
5. Write briefly about the Arabian Sea branch of
the monsoon.
6. Write in brief about the mechanism of the
monsoons.
7. Write a brief account of the conditions and
characteristics of the retreating monsoons.
8. Describe how the Himalayas affect the climate
of India.
9. Give an account of the weather condition and
characteristics of the cold season.
10. Give a brief account of the hot weather season
in India.
B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS
1. Why is the distribution of rainfall in India
Uneven? Give four reasons. [2011 (T-2)]
2. What are the jet streams? How they affect the
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3. Write any four characteristics of Arabian Sea
branch of south-west monsoons? [2011 (T-2)]
4. “India has diverse climatic conditions.” Explain
by giving two examples each of temperature and
precipitation. [2011 (T-2)]
5. Differentiate between the cold weather season
and the hot weather season of India by explaining
two distinctive features of each. [2011 (T-2)] 6. Define burst of monsoons. Give an account of
the climatic conditions of the cold weather season
in India. [2011 (T-2)]
7. What are monsoons? Give any three
characteristics of Indian monsoons.
[2011 (T-2)] 8. Study the data carefully and answer the following questions : [2011 (T-2)]
(a) Which station has the higher range of temperature and why?
(b) Which station receives the higher amount of rainfall? Name the two most rainy months of this station.
9. Describe regional variations in climate with
suitable examples from India. [2011 (T-2)] 10. Define monsoon. Explain the main characteristics
of the monsoon season. [2011 (T-2)] 11. Give an account of the weather conditions and
characteristics of the cold weather season. (Any
four points) [2011 (T-2)]
12. Why are the monsoons considered as a unifying
bond? Explain. [2011 (T-2)]
13. Describe the factors that determine the climate
of any place. [2011 (T-2)]
14. Explain the chief characteristics of cold weather
season in India. [2011 (T-2)] 15. Differentiate any four characteristic features of
the cold weather season and the hot weather season of India. [2011 (T-2)] 16. How is the Arabian Sea branch of south west
monsoons responsible for good rainfall in Northern planes of India? Why doesn’t it give rain in central Peninsula? [2011 (T-2)]
17. Describe the four main features of the hot weather
season. [2011 (T-2)]
18. ‘Rainfall is unevenly distributed in India.’ Justify
in four points. [2011 (T-2)]
19. Describe the regional variations in climatic
condition of India with the help of suitable
examples. [2011 (T-2)]
20. Explain the mechanism of monsoon.
[2011 (T-2)] 21. Examine the regional variations in climatic
conditions within the country with reference to temperature and precepitation. [2011 (T-2)] 22. Explain the features of the Hot Weather Season
in India. [2011 (T-2)]
23. What do you mean by ‘transitional season’?
Explain the term ‘October Heat’ which is experienced by Indians during this season.
[2011 (T-2)]
IV. MAP WORK
(4 marks)
1. On an outline map of India, mark and label the areas that receives seasonal rainfall from June to September.
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2. On an outline map of India, mark and label the following:
(a) Direction of the south-west monsoons with arrows (b) The places that receives annual rainfall above 200 cm (c) The places that receives annual rainfall below 40 cm (d) The places that receives annual rainfall of 60-100 cm.
3. On the outline map of India below, mark and label the following:
(a) Places that receives snowfall in winter (b) The north-east monsoon with arrows
(c) The place that receives the highest rainfall in the world (d) The coast of South India that receives high rainfall in winter
ASSIGNMENTS FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
I. PROJECT WORK
Make a Rain Gauge and calculate the rainfall in your locality for the month.
Requirement :
1. A large mouth jar with straight sides 2. Ruler 3. Paper and pens 4. Rainy days
Procedures :
1. Tape the ruler to the outside of the jar and place the jar outside when it rains.
2. Bring in the jar when the rain stops and note the label of the rainfall in the jar.
3. Make a chart to track the rain level each day. You can plot a graph.
(Mark inches on one side of the chart and days of the week on the adjacent side of your chart paper.)
II. ACTIVITIES
1. Labelling
In the following diagram label the following parts :
Leeward Slope, Windward Slope, Rain Shadow Area, Mountain
A : —————— B : ——————
C : —————— D : ——————
2. Grouping
Given below are a list of some stations in India which receive rainfall during the monsoon season from either the Arabian Sea branch or Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon. Categorise them : Vadodara (Saurashtra), Guwahati, Mumbai, Shillong, Thiruvananthapuram, Delhi, Kolkata, Mangalore, Bhubaneshwar, Lucknow, Dehradun, Indore, Patna, Jaipur, Shimla, Kuchchh, Mathura, Panaji, Mawsynram, Punjab.
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III. ASSIGNMENTS
1. Study the climatic table given below and answer the questions that follow :
Station Months J F M A M J J A S O N D A Temp 10.5 12.8 20.2 28.6 32.5 34.5 31.3 32.5 29.6 22.4 18.4 12.6 in °C Rainfall 1.4 2.1 1.5 0.5 1.1 5.6 20.8 22.8 19.5 8.1 3.1 1.1 in cm B Temp 25.5 22.4 253 27.8 38.6 33.3 32.1 28.1 27.3 28.1 27.3 25.0 in °C Rainfall 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.8 1.7 52.7 62.3 38.4 26.3 25.1 1.2 0.4 in cm
a. Calculate the annual rainfall at Station A.
b. What is the annual range of temperature in Station A? c. Which one of the two stations has a equable climate? d. In which season, does station A receive the most rainfall? e. What type of climate do you believe station B has? f. Make a histogram to represent the rainfall in Station A. g. Make a histogram to represent the rainfall in Station B.
2. The following graph represents the annual rainfall in Delhi. Answer the questions that follow the graph.
(a) In which two months did Delhi receive the highest rainfall? (b) In which month did Delhi receive the least rainfall?
(c) How much rainfall did Delhi receive in the month of September? Give the approximate answer in millimetres.
(d) Which month did the monsoon occur in Delhi and it lasted upto which month? Give reasons for your answer.
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3. The following pictures are from different climatic zones of India. Study the pictures and then fill in the
chart given below the pictures :
Houses Clothes Food Occupation
A
B
C
4. Young reporter
From the weather bulletin on T.V., note down the weather report for two cities of India, one in the north, the other in the south, for a period of seven days. Note down the weather report of your town or city from local newspaper. Note down all information in three tables.
Elements of Station A (north) Station B (South) Station C (Local) Weather and Climate
Temperature Rainfall Humidity Sky condition
Compare the three. What differences do you observe in the weather conditions? What type of climate prevails at the stations? Discuss it with other students of the class.
5. Season Search
Given below are a list of characteristics and weather phenomena at different times of the year. Classify them according to the season in which it occurs. Complete the given table.
October heat, Western disturbances, Loo, Tropical cyclones along eastern coast, Burst of Monsoon, Kal Baisakhi, Mango Showers, Monsoon trough of low pressure, ‘Breaks’ in rainfall, Mahawat Snowfall. Cold weather season Hot weather season Advancing monsoon Retreating monsoon
WINTER SUMMER RAINY SEASON TRANSITION SEASON
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IV. GROUP DISCUSSION
Make a group among the students of your classroom and discuss India's water scarcity problems. Outline the characteristics of monsoon and its vagaries that may lead to water searching.
V. CLASS DEBATE
Divide the students of your classroom and debate on the advantage and disadvantage of dams across rivers.
VI. QUIZZES
1. Write the names of the four seasons on the
blackboard. Four students should take charge of the seasons, one for each season.
WINTER SUMMER RAINY SEASON
TRANSITION SEASON
Take each season by turns and ask the students of the class to name some stations (places) that receive rainfall during that season. The students in charge of each season should write down the correct names of the stations in their respective columns.
2. Word Jumble :
Rearrange the letters in the following words to find the true meaning as shown by the hints in brackets :
(a) TEHAWRE (Day-to-day state of the
atmosphere)
(b) UISMAM (Arabic word from which the
word 'Monsoon' is derived)
(c) SNMRMWAYA (This place gets the highest
rainfall in the world)
(d) LE ONNI (Periodic warm ocean current
along the coast of Peru that affects monsoon)
(e) SICLOROI (Force caused by the Earth's
rotation)
3. Missing Letters :
Find the missing letters in the following words with the help of the hints provided :
(a) _ O _ (strong hot and dry wind blowing
over North India in summer)
(b) _ A _ G _ (showers that helps ripening of
mangoes in South India)
(c) C _ R _ M _ N _ E _ (southern coast of
India that receives rainfall in winter)
(d) C _ C _ O _ E (strong destructive winds
formed over the Bay of Bengal)
(e) J _ T _ T _ E _ M (narrow belt of high
altitude winds in the troposphere)
VII. FUN TIME
Art Watch
Write a poem entitled ‘Rains’ and paint a landscape as influenced by Monsoon. Display it on the school bulletin board.
VIII. EXCURSION
Take the students to the Weather Station or Meteorological Department of your city. Show them the instruments used and the procedures to record the elements of weather and climate. Explain how weather report is prepared. Encourage them to observe day-to-day changes in weather conditions.