MÚSCULOS DE
MÚSCULOS DE
LA
LA
ARTICULACIÓN DEL
ARTICULACIÓN DEL
HOMBRO
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ARTICULACIÓN DEL HOMBRO
ARTICULACIÓN DEL HOMBRO
D
D
e
e
l
l
t
t
o
o
i
i
d
d
e
e
s
s
S
S
u
u
b
b
c
c
l
l
a
a
v
v
i
i
o
o
A
A
n
n
g
g
u
u
l
l
a
a
r
r
d
d
e
e
l
l
omóplato
omóplato
Romboides mayor y
Romboides mayor y
menor
menor
T
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ARTICULACIÓN DEL HOMBRO
ARTICULACIÓN DEL HOMBRO
P
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Complejo Articular
Complejo Articular
del Hombro.
del Hombro.
Cinco articulaciones:
Cinco articulaciones:
• 1er grupo
• 1er grupo
– Escapulohumeral.(1)
– Escapulohumeral.(1)
– Subdeltoidea.(2)
– Subdeltoidea.(2)
• 2ºgrupo
• 2ºgrupo
–
– Escapulotorácica.
Escapulotorácica.(3)
(3)
– Acromiclav
– Acromiclavicular
icular.(4)
.(4)
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Deltoides
Deltoides
El deltoides está formado por
El deltoides está formado por
tres grandes porciones
tres grandes porciones
casi
casi
independientes una de la otra. Es un músculo que actúa muy en
independientes una de la otra. Es un músculo que actúa muy en
sinergia con grandes músculos de la cintura escapular, por detrás
sinergia con grandes músculos de la cintura escapular, por detrás
actúa con los aductores de escápula, la porción media junto al
actúa con los aductores de escápula, la porción media junto al
trapecio y por delante conjuntamente al pectoral.
trapecio y por delante conjuntamente al pectoral.
Origen
Origen
:
:
la
la
clavícula,
clavícula,
el
el
acromion
acromion
y
y
la
la
apófisis
apófisis
espinosa
espinosa
de
de
la
la
escápula.
escápula.
Inserción
Inserción
:
:
T
T
odos
odos
ellos
ellos
converg
converg
en
en
en un punto de la cara lateral del
en un punto de la cara lateral del
húmero en lo que se
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A
A
n
n
t
t
e
e
r
r
i
i
o
o
r
r
M
M
e
e
d
d
i
i
o
o
Posterior
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El músculo subclavio
El músculo subclavio
Es un músculo cilíndrico
Es un músculo cilíndrico
Origen
Origen
: en la unión de la costilla con el primer
: en la unión de la costilla con el primer
cartílago costal.
cartílago costal.
Inserción
Inserción
: cara inferior de la clavícula.
: cara inferior de la clavícula.
Función
Función
: es hacer descender la clavícula y el
: es hacer descender la clavícula y el
hombro. También estabiliza la articulación
hombro. También estabiliza la articulación
esternoclavicular.
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Músculo Romboides Mayor
Músculo Romboides Mayor
Se encuentra debajo del músculo trapecio.
Se encuentra debajo del músculo trapecio.
Origen:
Origen:
Apófisis espinosas de las cuatro
Apófisis espinosas de las cuatro
primeras vértebras
primeras vértebras
dorsales.
dorsales.
Inserción: Borde medial de la escápula.
Inserción: Borde medial de la escápula.
Músculo Romboides Menor
Músculo Romboides Menor
Origen:
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El músculo Trapecio
El músculo Trapecio
Origen
Origen
:
:
Fibras superiores: espina del occipital se
Fibras superiores: espina del occipital se
dirige a las apófisis espinosas de la 7C.
dirige a las apófisis espinosas de la 7C.
Fibras medias: apófisis espinosa de la 7 a
Fibras medias: apófisis espinosa de la 7 a
3D.
3D.
Fibras inferiores: apófisis espinosa de la 4D
Fibras inferiores: apófisis espinosa de la 4D
a la 12D.
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Redondo Mayor
Redondo Mayor
Origen
Origen
:
:
En la parte inferior del borde axilar del omoplato.
En la parte inferior del borde axilar del omoplato.
Inserción:
Inserción:
En la cresta subtroquineana, pero más abajo que el músculo
En la cresta subtroquineana, pero más abajo que el músculo
subescapular
subescapular
Acción
Acción
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Dorsal Ancho
Dorsal Ancho
Es un músculo muy largo y además muy ancho. Es un músculo
Es un músculo muy largo y además muy ancho. Es un músculo
en el que todas sus fibras son ascendentes.
en el que todas sus fibras son ascendentes.
Origen
Origen
:
:
todas
todas
las
las
apófisis
apófisis
espinosas
espinosas
desde
desde
la
la
7ª
7ª
vértebra
vértebra
dorsal
dorsal
hasta
hasta
la
la
cresta
cresta
del
del
sacro
sacro
y
y
la
la
cresta
cresta
ilíaca.
ilíaca.
Inserción:
Inserción:
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