Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
1. LTE Planning Overview
LTE Features Supported in Atoll
LTE Workflow in Atoll
LTE Features supported in Atoll
Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks
Various Frequency Bands
Scalable Channel Bandwidths
Resource Blocks per Channel and Sampling Frequencies
Support of TDD and FDD Frame Structures
Half-frame/Full-frame Switching Point Periodicities for TDD
Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefixes
Downlink and Uplink Control Channels and Overheads
• Downlink and uplink reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc.
RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations
LTE Features supported in Atoll
Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks
Physical Cell IDs Implementation
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Support
• Fractional Frequency Reuse Modelling
Support of Fractional Power Control (UL)
Support of Directional CPE Antennas
Signal Level Based Coverage Planning
CINR Based Coverage Planning
Possibility of Fixed Subscriber Database for Fixed Applications
Specific Module
LTE Features supported in Atoll
Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks
Network Capacity Analysis using Monte Carlo Simulations
Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Two-dimensional Frames
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems
• Transmit and Receive Diversity
• Single-User MIMO or spatial multiplexing • Adaptive MIMO Switch (AMS)
• Modelling of Multi-User MIMO (collaborative MIMO – UL only)
Tools for Resource Allocation
• Automatic Allocation of Neighbours • Automatic Allocation of Physical Cell IDs • Automatic Allocation of Frequencies (AFP)
Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data
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LTE Workflow in Atoll
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission
Open an existing project or create a new one
Prediction Study Reports Traffic Maps
Network Configuration - Add network elements
- Change parameters
User-defined Values Automatic or Manual Neighbour Allocation
Basic Predictions (Best Server, Signal Level)
Monte-Carlo Simulations
Signal Quality and Throughput Predictions Cell Load Conditions Subscriber Lists And/or Frequency Plan Analysis
Automatic or Manual Frequency Planning Automatic or Manual Physical Cell ID Planning
Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
2. Modelling a LTE Network
Global Settings
Frequency Band definition
Frame Structure Settings
Radio Parameters
Site
Transmitters
Cells
Equipment Parameters
User-definable reception characteristics
Global Settings (1/2)
Frequency Bands
Atoll can model multi-band networks within the same document
TDD (Time Division Duplexing) or FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing)
One frequency band assigned to each cell
LTE Frame Structure definition
System-level constants (Hard-coded)
• Width of a resource block (180 kHz) • Frame duration (10 ms)
Other control channel overheads defined by 3GPP (calculated based on 3GPP specs)
• Reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc.
Global Settings (2/2)
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 11 of 82
TDD option only : Switch from DL to UL
every half frame (default) or every frame Number of SD for PDCCH (0,1,2 or 3) carrying DL and UL Resource allocation information Normal (default) or extended
cyclic prefix (No. of SD per slot) e.g.: at 15 kHz, 7 SD/slot (normal) or 6 SD/slot (extended)
Average number of resource blocks for
Radio Parameters Overview
Site
X (longitude) and Y (latitude)
Transmitters
Activity
Antenna configuration (model, height, azimuth, mechanical & electrical tilts...)
UL & DL Losses / UL Noise Figure
Propagation (Model, Radius and resolution)
Cells
Frequency Band & Channel
PCI
Power definition
Min RSRP
UL & DL Load
Diversity Support
Neighbours
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 12 of 82 Presented in General Features
Transmitter Parameters
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 13 of 82
Propagation settings Antenna Configuration and Losses
parameters
Cells parameters (see next slide)
Antenna Configuration DL and UL total losses, UL noise figure
Cell Parameters
Inputs of the neighbour allocation algorithm
Neighbour list
Cell activity
Power and energy offsets from computed
reference signal Cell’s frequency band
Channel number in the frequency band (and
allocation status)
DL traffic load Physical Cell ID + resulting PSS/SSS (and allocation status)
MIMO Configuration Min RSRP used as cell
coverage limit
UL noise rise due to surrounding mobiles
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ICIC and Fractional Power Control Parameters
(Advanced)
Load Conditions
Equipment Parameters (1/2)
Bearers (Modulation and Coding Schemes) definition
User-definable bearer efficiencies
(useful bits per resource element)
Bearer selection thresholds for link adaptation
Quality indicator graphs
BLER used to model the effect of errors in data reception
Equipment Parameters (2/2)
Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems
Diversity and SU-MIMO gains
• Definable per bearer and antenna configuration • Depend on the clutter class where users are located
MU-MIMO gain
• Definable per cell or
• Calculated during Monte Carlo simulations using intelligent multi-user scheduling on two antenna ports (Layered Space-time Scheduling)
Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
3. LTE Predictions
Introduction
Parameters used in Predictions
Prediction Settings
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Coverage Prediction Examples
Point Analysis Studies
Introduction
Coverage Predictions
General Studies based on Downlink Reference Signal Levels
• Best server plot based on downlink reference signal levels
• Multiple server coverage based on downlink reference signal levels • Reference signal level plots
• Reference signal CNR plots
• RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
LTE UL and DL Specific Studies
• SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH Signal Level Plots • SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CNR Plots
• Quality Studies (RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSRQ – Reference Signal Received Quality, Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots, UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)
• Best Bearer and Modulation Plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR Levels
• Throughput and Cell Capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels • Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Channel Throughputs
• Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Throughputs averaged per User • Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Cell Capacities
• Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Aggregate Cell Throughputs
• Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Allocated Bandwidth Throughputs (UL)
Point Predictions
Introduction
Principles of the studies based on traffic
Study calculated for
• Given load conditions • UL noise rise • DL traffic load • A non-interfering user with
• A service • A mobility
• A terminal type (in case of a directive antenna , it is oriented towards the serving cell)
Load Conditions
Load conditions are defined in the cells table
Values taken into consideration in
predictions for each cell
Service Properties
Parameters used in predictions
Highest bearers in UL and DL
Body loss
Application throughput parameters
Mobility Properties
Parameters used in Predictions
Mapping between mobilities and thresholds in bearer and quality indicator determination (as
radio conditions depend on user speed).
Terminal Properties
Parameters used in Predictions
Minimum & Maximum terminal power
Gain and losses
Noise figure
Antenna settings (incl. MIMO support)
Number of Antenna ports in UL and DL in case of MIMO
support
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 24 of 82
Support of MIMO Min & Max
Power + Noise Figure +
Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
Standard predictions
• Best server plot
• Coverage by signal level • Multiple server coverage
Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH signal level and quality
predictions
• Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell)
• Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH CNR plots
• RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots
Prediction Settings
Coverage Prediction Plots
CINR, Throughput and Quality Indicator predictions
• Based on user-defined cell loads or on Monte-Carlo simulation results
• Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell)
• RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator and RSRQ – Reference Signal Received Quality • Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots • UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power)
• Best bearer plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
• Throughput and cell capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels • Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application channel throughputs
• Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application throughputs averaged per user • Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application cell capacities
• Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application aggregate cell throughputs
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling
Atoll determines, on each pixel, the highest bearer that each user can obtain
No soft handover
Connection to the best server in term of reference signal level (C)
Bearer chosen according to the radio conditions (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels)
Process : prediction done via look-up tables
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Best Server Area determination (min RSRP)
Radio Conditions estimation (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR
calculation)
Throughput &
Quality Indicator (BER and BLER) predictions
Reference Signal Level (C) evaluation
Interference Estimation
Atoll calculates PDSCH and PUSCH CINR according to:
The victim traffic (PUSCH or PDSCH) power
The interfering signals impacted by:
• The interferers powers
• The path loss from the interferers to the victim • Antenna gain
• Losses from interferers (incl. Shadowing effect and indoor losses)
The interference reduction factor applied to interfering base stations transmitting on adjacent
channels (adjacent channel suppression factor)
The interference reduction factor due to interfering base stations’ traffic load
The interference reduction due to Fractional Frequency Reuse (and consequently the mutual
overlap between the channel fractions of the victim and the interfering base stations)
Prediction Examples (General Studies)
Coverage by signal level
(Based on reference signal power)
Number of servers
(Based on reference signal power)
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 30 of 82
Coverage by PDSCH CINR
(Isotropic receiver antenna)
Coverage by PDSCH CINR
(Directional receiver antenna)
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies)
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 31 of 82
Coverage by PUSCH CINR
(Isotropic receiver antenna)
Coverage by PUSCH CINR
(Directional receiver antenna)
Radio Reception Diagnosis at a Given Point : Reception Analysis
Point Analysis Tool: Reception
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 32 of 82
Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table
Definition of a user-definable “probe" receiver, indoor or not
Cell bar graphs (best server at the top)
Analysis detail on reference signals, PDSCH and PUSCH Reference Signals, PDSCH and PUSCH availability (or not) Selection of the value to be
displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP)
Radio Interference Diagnosis at a Given Point : Interference Analysis
Point Analysis Tool: Interference
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 33 of 82
Choice of UL&DL load conditions :
if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table
Definition of a user-definable “probe" receiver, indoor or not
Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP) Serving Cell (C) Total Level of Interference (I + N)
Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
4. Frequency Plan Analysis
Channel and Physical Cell ID Search Tools
Physical Cell ID Allocation Audit
Physical Cell ID Histograms
Search Tool Overview
Tool to visualise channel and PSS ID reuse on the map
Possibility to find cells which are assigned a given :
• Frequency band + channel • Physical Cell ID
• PSS ID • SSS ID
Way to use this tool
Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter
Open the “Find on Map” tool available in the Edit menu
(or directly in the toolbar )
Channel Search Tool
Channel Reuse on the Map
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 37 of 82
Colours given to transmitters • Red: co-channel transmitters
• Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters • Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters
• Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters • Grey thin line: other transmitters Frequency band and Channel number Resource Selection
Physical Cell ID, PSS ID and SSS ID Reuse on the Map
Physical Cell ID Search Tool
Colours given to transmitters
• Red or Grey thin line: if the transmitters carries or not the specified resource value (Physical Cell ID, PSS ID
or SSS ID)
© Forsk 2011 Confidential – Do not share without prior permission Slide 38 of 82
Resource Type and
Value Resource Selection
PCI Allocation Audit (1/2)
Verification of the allocation inconsistencies
Respect of a minimum reuse distance
Respect of neighbourhood constraints (two neighbour cells must have different PCI)
Respect of SSS ID allocation strategy
PCI Allocation Audit (2/2)
Audit results
Inconsistencies are displayed in the default text editor
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The minimum distance constraint is fulfilled
Cells BRU010_L1 & BRU116_L2 are Neighbour cells but have been allocated
the same PCI
These 13 sites do not fulfil the SSS ID allocation strategy:
on each site, allocated PCI do not have the same SSS ID
Physical Cell ID Histograms
View of the Physical Cell ID Distribution
Dynamic pointer
Training Programme
1. LTE Planning Overview
2. Modelling a LTE Network
3. LTE Predictions
4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations
Traffic modelling
Monte Carlo Simulations
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Traffic Modelling (1/2)
Traffic Data
Traffic maps and subscriber lists
Various types of traffic maps:
• Raster traffic maps • Vector traffic maps • Live traffic maps • Traffic density maps
Live Traffic Data
Vector Traffic Data
Raster Traffic Data
Subscribers
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Traffic Modelling (2/2)
Subscriber Lists
Lists of subscribers with fixed locations and specific parameters
Can be created using the mouse or imported from txt and csv files
Can be displayed on the map according to different parameters
Main parameters:
• Location: X and Y coordinates • Antenna height
• Azimuth and tilt (user-defined or calculated) • Serving cell (user-defined or calculated) • User profile
• Terminal type
Prediction calculations can be carried out
on subscribers (points)
• Predicted results include reception levels, CINR, throughputs, etc.
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Monte Carlo Simulations (1/3)
Monte Carlo Simulations
For studying network capacity
Network behaviour under given traffic
Can be based on traffic data from traffic maps
and subscriber lists
Distribution of mobile users and services
Calculation of user parameters (CINR, power control,
noise rise, resource allocation, etc.)
Scheduling and radio resource allocation
based on service priorities and scheduling methods:
• Proportional Fair • Proportional Demand • Max Aggregate Throughput
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Monte Carlo Simulations (2/3)
Simulation Results
For each cell
• UL and DL traffic loads • UL noise rise
• UL and DL aggregate cell throughputs • Traffic input and connection statistics
• …
For each mobile
• Serving transmitter and cell
• Azimuth and tilt (towards the serving cell)
• Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH signal levels
• Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH CINR and interference levels • Best bearers based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels
• Cell throughputs, cell capacities, and user throughputs PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels • Connection status and rejection cause
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